| 单词 | 避免 |
| 释义 | 〔diaphragm〕A contraceptive device consisting of a thin flexible disk, usually made of rubber, that is designed to cover the uterine cervix to prevent the entry of sperm during sexual intercourse.子宫帽避孕套：通常由薄橡皮膜制成的套在子宫颈上的帽，以避免性交过程中精子的进入〔or〕Other grammarians, however, have argued that such constructions must be avoided and that substitutes be found in which the problem of agreement does not arise: 但是，另有些语法学家却主张避免使用这种结构而使用不发生主谓不一致问题的替代结构： 〔intelligent〕The smartest lawyers avoid the appearance of manipulating juries.最聪明的律师避免让人看上去是在控制陪审团。〔evitable〕vītāre [to avoid] vītāre [避免] 〔orderly〕Free from disorder; neat:整洁的：避免无秩序的；干净的：〔infibulate〕To close off or obstruct the genitals of, especially by sewing together the labia majora in females or fastening the prepuce in males, so as to prevent sexual intercourse.锁阴：闭合或阻隔生殖器，尤其指藉由将女性的外阴唇缝合在一起或是将男性的包皮缝合，以此避免性交〔none〕It is true thatnone is etymologically derived from the Old English word ān, "one,” but the word has been used as both a singular and a plural noun from Old English onward.The plural use can be found in reputable sources such as the King James Bible, Dryden, and Burke;and H.W. Fowler described the traditional rule as "a mistake.”Either a singular or a plural verb is acceptably used in a sentencesuch asNone of the conspirators has (or have ) been brought to trial. Whennone is modified by almost, however, it is difficult to avoid treating the word as a plural: 事实是这样的：none 根据词源学来自于古英语词汇 an “一，” 但是此词从古英语开始既被用作单数名词，又被用作复数名词形式。复数用法可以在规范的原始资料如詹姆士圣经、德莱顿以及伯克的作品中发现。H·W·福勒把传统的规则描述为“一个错误”。无论是单数还是复数动词均可以被接受用于句子中，如所有的同谋者都未 （或者 have ) 被送审。 然而当none 被 almost 修饰时， 很难避免将此词当作复数： 〔suave〕The hostess averted a confrontation between the two guests with an adroit and diplomatic change of subject.女主人娴熟老练地变换了话题从而避免了两位客人之间的冲突。〔escape〕To succeed in avoiding.逃脱：成功地避免〔desist〕To cease doing something; forbear.See Synonyms at stop 忍住，克制：停止做某事；克制，避免 参见 stop〔splitsville〕a rocky relationship headed for splitsville.避免造成仳离的稳定关系〔fortuitous〕In its best-established sense,fortuitous means "happening by accident or chance,” with no implication as to the desirability of the outcome:a fortuitous meeting may have either fortunate or unfortunate consequences. In this century, however, the word is often used with particular reference to happy accidents,as inThe company's third-quarter profits were enhanced as the result of a fortuitous drop in the cost of RAM chips. This use may have arisenbecausefortuitous resembles both fortunate and felicitous; it is well established in the writing of reputable authors.More controversial is the use offortuitous to mean simply "lucky or fortunate,” as inHe came to the Giants in June as the result of a fortuitous trade that sent two minor-league players to the Reds' organization. This use dates back at least to the 1920's,when H.W. Fowler labeled it a malaproprism.It is still widely regarded as incorrect,and writers who are unwilling to risk censure are advised to avoid it.从最公认的意义上说，fortuitous 的意思是“偶然发生的”， 不暗示结果是否称心：临时会议 可以有好或坏的结果。 然而在本世纪这个词常用于专指好的事件，如内存条价格的意外下降导致了公司第三季度利润的增加。 这种用法可能出现，因为fortuitous 类似于 fortunate 和 felicitous； 它用于有名望的作家的写作中。更有争论的用法是fortuitous 的含义为“幸运的或好运的”时， 如一次幸运的送两名小社团的运动员去红色组织的交易使他在六月去了巨人国。 这种用法至少可追溯到20世纪20年代，当时H.W.弗劳尔把它标作一个可笑的用法错误。现在这种用法仍被广泛地认为是错误的，建议不愿冒险受指责的作者避免使用〔exclosure〕An area of land enclosed by a barrier, such as a fence, to protect vegetation and prevent grazing by animals.围地：以例如栅栏等的某种障碍物将某个区域的土地围起来，以保护植物并避免为动物所牧食〔Fabian〕Of or relating to the caution and avoidance of direct confrontation typical of the Roman general Quintus Fabius Maximus.采用渐进，待机策略的：属于或关于罗马将军昆塔斯·费边·马克西马斯的谨慎和避免直接交锋的〔antisocial〕Shunning the society of others; not sociable.厌恶社交的：避免与别人交往的；不爱社交的〔help〕Some grammarians condemn this usageon the ground thathelp in this sense means "avoid" and logically requires a negative.But the expression is a well-established idiom.See Usage Note at cannot 有些语法家对这种用法提出了批评意见，理由是help 在这个句子里表示“避免”的意思， 所以从逻辑上讲应用否定形式。但是这种表达已经成为一种被广泛接受的惯用法了 参见 cannot〔fast〕Only her quick reaction prevented an accident.她的快捷反应避免了一次事故。〔opinion〕"If men are to be precluded from offering their sentiments on a matter which may involve the most serious and alarming consequences . . . reason is of no use to us" (George Washington). “如果不能使人们避免在可能导致严重后果的事情上感情用事…推理对于我们是没有用的” （乔治·华盛顿）。 〔continuity〕A detailed script or scenario consulted to avoid discrepancies from shot to shot in a film.分镜头剧本：一种为避免电影中镜头间的不相符而查阅详尽的电影剧本或分镜头剧本〔likely〕But the unmodified use oflikely is common enough in educated writing, and though it might be better avoided in highly formal style,it should not be regarded as incorrect: 但在受过教育的人的写作中，likely 前不加任何修饰的用法很普遍， 虽然在非常正式的文体中最好避免这种用法，但不应该将它看作是不正确的用法： 〔near〕Just barely avoided:勉强的：好容易才避免的：〔cover〕To protect or shield from harm, loss, or danger.避免：防止或避开伤害、损失或危险〔duck〕To move swiftly, especially so as to escape being seen:迅速移动：敏捷地运动，尤指为避免被看见：〔quote〕As a transitive verbquote is appropriately used to describe the use of an exact wording drawn from another source. When the original source is paraphrased or alluded to,the more general termcite is usually preferable. · The nounquote is well established as a truncation of quotation, though many critics regard it as unduly journalistic or breezy.As such, it is best avoided in formal literary discussions.The use of the noun was acceptable to only 38 percent of the Usage Panel in the sentenceHe began the chapter with a quote from the Bible. But the usage is less objectionable in informal contexts or in reference to less august sources;the word was acceptable to 53 percent of the Panel in the sentenceHe lightened up his talk by throwing in quotes from Marx Brothers movies. · The nounquote is sometimes used as a synonym for "dictum, saying,” as inHis career is just one more validation of Andy Warhol's quote that "in the future, everybody will be famous for fifteen minutes.” This example was unacceptable to 76 percent of the Usage Panel.作为一个及物动词，用quote 一词来指从另一出处中抄取完全一样的用语是很恰当的。 当原文出处被意译或是间接提及时，一个意义更广泛的词cite 更可取。 quote 这名词形式是由 quatation 削减而来，也已被普遍接受， 虽然许多批评家认为这个词染有不恰当的记者文风或不太正式。因此，在正式的文学讨论中最好避免使用。在用法专题使用小组的调查中，只有38%的人认为这个名词在这章的开始他引用了《圣经》中的一段 文字 这个句子中的用法是可行的。 但在不正式的语境下或提及的出处不很严肃时，对于这种用法的反对意见要少一些。在他插入了一段引自马克斯兄弟电影中的 话 来活跃谈话气氛 这个句子中， 53%的小组成员认为这个词可以接受。 Quote 这个名词有时也可用作“格言、名言”的同义词， 如在他的一生再一次证实了安迪·霍尔的 格言 “将来，每个人都将享有十五分钟的知名度” 这个句子中， 用法专题使用小组中76%的成员认为这个例句无法接受〔hedge〕To avoid making a clear, direct response or statement.避免直接回答：避免直接了当的回答或发言〔isolationism〕A national policy of abstaining from political or economic relations with other countries.孤立主义：一种避免与其它国家建立政治或经济关系的国家政策〔fadeaway〕An act of sliding by a base runner during which the runner veers sideways to avoid being tagged.侧身滑垒：棒球跑垒员为避免被触的侧身滑垒〔backboard〕A board placed beneath the body of a person with an injury to the neck or back, used especially in transporting the person in such a way as to avoid further injury.脊椎矫正板：放于一个颈部或背部受伤的人身体下的板子，尤指用这种方式运送某人以避免受到更大的伤害〔inescapable〕Impossible to escape or avoid; inevitable:不可避免的：不可能逃避或避免的；必然的：〔wolf〕To avoid the privation and suffering resulting from a lack of money:免于穷困：为避免穷困和由于缺钱而造成的痛苦：〔runout〕The act or an instance of fleeing so as to evade undesirable consequences.逃开，避开：为避免令人不快的后果而采取的逃避〔evade〕To use cleverness or deceit in avoiding or escaping.逃避，逃脱：用聪明的方法或欺骗避免或逃脱〔because〕A traditional rule holds that the constructionthe reason is because is redundant, and should be avoided in favor of the reason is that. The usage is well established, however, and can be justified by analogy to constructionssuch asHis purpose in calling her was so that she would be forewarned of the change in schedule or The last time I saw her was when she was leaving for college. All three constructions are somewhat less than graceful, however. ·Whenbecause follows a negated verb phrase, it should be preceded by a comma when thebecause clause explains why the event did not occur. He didn't marry her, because she was frivolous means roughly, "Her frivolity was his reason for not marrying her.”When no comma is used, thebecause clause is understood as part of what is being negated. He didn't marry her because she was frivolous means roughly, "His reason for marrying her was independent of her frivolity.”See Usage Note at as 1传统的原则认为结构the reason is because 太累赘，应避免，而赞同使用 the reason is that 。 这种用法被广泛地接受，并可以用类似的结构证明是正确的，如他 呼唤她 的目的是以便 她能预先知道时间安排的改变 ，或者 最近 一次 我看见她是 当 她正要去学院时。 然而所这三种结构都有不够完美的地方。当because 跟着一个否定动词短语时， 该在它前面加一个逗号来表示这个because 从句解释的是为什么这件事 没有 发生。 他不娶她，因为她很轻浮。 粗略的意思是， “她的轻浮是他不娶她的原因。”当没有用逗号时，这个because 从句被理解为被否定的部分。 他不娶她不是因为她轻薄， 粗略的意思是， “他和她结婚的原因与她的轻薄无关。” 参见 as1〔get〕The use ofget in the passive, as inWe got sunburned at the beach, is generally avoided in formal writing.In less formal contexts, however,the construction does provide a useful distinction in attributing a more active role to its subject than would the corresponding passive withbe. Thus if Jones has committed a flagrant breach of law in order to test a particular statute,the situation might best be described by the sentenceJones got arrested by the police; whereas if Jones did nothing to provoke the police action,the sentenceJones was arrested by the police would be preferred. 在被动语态使用get ， 如我们在海滩上晒黑了 ， 渐渐在正式写作中避免。但在非正式上下文中，这个结构为使其比相应被动形式be 给予其主语更为主动的角色提供了极为有用的区别。 因此，如果琼斯为了验证特殊法律条文而严重违犯了某法律，最好用以下句子来描绘Jones got arrested by the police， 但如果琼斯没有反抗警察的行为，句子Jones was arrested by the police 比较合宜 〔wergeld〕In Anglo-Saxon and Germanic law, a price set upon a person's life on the basis of rank and paid as compensation by the family of a slayer to the kindred or lord of a slain person to free the culprit of further punishment or obligation and to prevent a blood feud.赔偿金：在盎格鲁-撒克逊法律中，为了使凶手避免更多的惩罚或义务以及为了避免世代仇杀，根据受害人的地位而规定的凶手家族应付给被害人家属或主人的金额〔wolf〕Both spouses had to take jobs in order to keep the wolf from the door.为避免受饥寒之苦，夫妻俩不得不双双工作〔equivocate〕To avoid making an explicit statement.See Synonyms at lie 2（言辞）躲闪：避免作明确的声明、陈述 参见 lie2〔pull〕To refrain from deploying all the resources or force at one's disposal:避免使用：避免使用某人所能支配的全部资源或力量：〔abstinence〕The act or practice of refraining from indulging an appetite, as for food.节食：避免放纵欲望的行为或习惯，如食欲〔recommend〕She recommended that we avoid giving offense.See Synonyms at advise 她建议我们避免找麻烦 参见 advise |
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