| 单词 | 英格兰 |
| 释义 | 〔Dorset〕A region of southwest England on the English Channel. Part of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Wessex, it was used as the setting for many of Thomas Hardy's novels.多塞特：英格兰西南部地区，位于英吉利海峡之畔。盎格鲁-撒克逊王国之一韦塞克斯王国的一部分，被用作托马斯·哈代许多小说的背景〔Yorkshire〕A historical region and former county of northern England. It was an important area during Roman times and later became part of the kingdom of Northumbria.约克郡：英格兰北部一历史地区及古代的郡，是罗马统治时期的重要区域，后来成为诺森布里亚王国的一部分〔heptarchy〕Often Heptarchy The informal confederation of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms from the fifth to the ninth century, consisting of Kent, Sussex, Wessex, Essex, Northumbria, East Anglia, and Mercia. 常作 Heptarchy 七王国：从5世纪到9世纪盎格鲁·撒克逊王国的非正式联盟，由肯特、南撒西克斯、西撒西克斯、东撒西克斯、诺森布里亚，东英格兰和麦西亚组成〔posh〕"Oh yes, Mater, we had a posh time of it down there.”So inPunch for September 25, 1918, do we find the first recorded instance of that mysterious wordposh, meaning "smart and fashionable,”although in a 1903 book by P.G. Wodehouse,Tales of St. Austin's, there is a mention of a waistcoat that was "push.” The latter may be a different word,but in either case the dates of occurrence are importantbecause they are part of the objection to derivingposh from the initials of "Port Out, Starboard Home.” This was the cooler, and thus more expensive, side of ships traveling between England and India in the mid-19th century,and the acronymPOSH was supposedly stamped on the tickets of first-class passengers traveling on that side of ships owned by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company. No evidence is definitely known to exist for this theory, however.TheOxford English Dictionary Supplement may have found a possible source or sources for posh. Another wordposh was 19th- and early 20th-century British slang for "money,” specifically "a halfpenny, cash of small value.”This word is borrowed from the common Romany wordpåšh, "half,” which was used in combinations such aspåšhera, "halfpenny.” Posh, also meaning "a dandy,” is recorded in two dictionaries of slang published in 1890 and 1902,although this particularposh may be still another word. This word or these words, however, are much more likely to be the source ofposh than "Port Out, Starboard Home,” although the latter source certainly has caught the public's etymological fancy.“哦是的，妈妈，我们在那里过着豪华的生活。”因此在1918年9月25日的punch 上， 我们看到了那个神秘单词posh 的首次记录， 意为“豪华的，时髦的，”虽然早在1903年P·G·伍德豪斯的名为圣·奥斯汀传说 的作品中就提及了意为"push"的马夹这个词。 后者也可能是另外一个不同的词，但在任何一种情况下两者被使用的时间都很重要，因为它们都反对posh 这个词源于"Port Out，Starboard Home。” 这是意指19世纪中期往来于英格兰及印度的船只中较凉爽、因而票价也就较为昂贵的一侧，而POSH 这个首字缩拼词据说就印在半岛——东方蒸汽船航运公司所拥有的船只上较为凉爽的一侧头等舱的票上。 然而对于这一说法并没有确凿的证据来加以证明。牛津英语词典增补本 也许为 posh 找到了一个或多个可能的词源。 另一个词posh 则是19世纪和20世纪初英国人用来表示“钱”的俚语， 尤指“半便士，小面值钱币。”这个词源于吉卜赛常用词på歨 ，意为“一半”， 用在诸如意为“半便士”的复合词på歨era 中。 Posh 也有“花花公子”之意， 这一用法记录于1890年及1902年出版的两本俚语词典中，尽管这个特有的posh 也有可能是另一个词。 然而这个词及上文提到的那些词比"Port Out，Starboard Home"更有可能是posh 这个词的词源， 虽然后者早被人们确认为这个词的词源〔Ipswich〕A borough of eastern England near the North Sea northeast of London. It was a commercial and pottery-making center from the 7th to the 12th century and was later (16th century) important in the woolen trade. Population, 118,900.伊普斯威奇：英格兰东部靠近北海的一个自治市，位于伦敦东北部。从7世纪到12世纪一个商业和陶瓷制造业中心，后来(16世纪）在羊毛贸易中占有重要地位。人口118,900〔stroud〕After Stroud , an urban district of southwest-central England 得名于 斯特劳德 ，英格兰中部偏西南一市区 〔Hinckley〕An urban district of central England east-northeast of Birmingham. Hosiery and shoes are among its manufactures. Population, 55,600.辛克利：英格兰中部的一个城区，位于伯明翰东北偏东。制袜和制鞋是其主要制造业。人口55,600〔Dublin〕The capital and largest city of Ireland, in the east-central part of the country on the Irish Sea. A Danish stronghold until 1014, Dublin was the scene of the Black Monday massacre of English residents in 1209 and the bloody Easter Rebellion of April 24, 1916. The Sinn Fein movement began here in the early 20th century. Population, 525,882.都柏林：爱尔兰首府和最大城市，位于该国中东部，濒临爱尔兰海，都柏林在1014年以前为丹麦人据点，1209年在此发生对英格兰居民的黑色星期一大屠杀，1916年24日发生复活节流血叛乱，20世纪初新芬党运动由此开始。人口525,882〔worsted〕after Worthstede (Worstead), a village of eastern England 源自 沃尔斯蒂德 （沃尔斯蒂德），英格兰东部一村庄 〔Pennines〕A range of hills extending about 257 km (160 mi) southward from the Cheviot Hills on the Scottish border to central England. Sometimes called "the backbone of England,” it rises to 893.7 m (2,930 ft) at Cross Fell.奔宁山脉：一条从苏格兰边界的切维厄特丘陵向南延伸257公里（160英里）至英格兰中部的山脉，有时被称为“英格兰的脊梁”，最高峰为海拔893.7米(2,930英尺）的克劳斯菲尔山〔outlaw〕The wordoutlaw brings to mind cattle rustlers and gunslingers of the Wild West, but it comes to us from a much earlier time,when guns were not yet inventedbut cattle stealing was.Outlaw can be traced back to the Old Norse word ūtlagr, "outlawed, banished,” made up ofūt, "out,” and lög, "law.” Anūtlagi (derived from ūtlagr ) was someone outside the protection of the law. The Scandinavians, who invaded and settled in England during the 8th through the 11th century, gave us the Old English wordūtlaga, which designated someone who because of criminal acts must give up his property to the crown and could be killed without recrimination.The legal status of the outlaw became less severe over the course of the Middle Ages.However, the looser use of the word to designate criminals in general, which arose in Middle English, lives on in tales of the Wild West.单词outlaw 使人联想到美国西部的偷牛贼和持枪歹徒， 然而在此之前很早这词就已存在了，那时枪还没有发明出来，但已有偷牛贼了。Outlaw 可溯源到古斯堪的纳维亚语 utlagr， 意为“非法的，被放逐的”， 由ut 意为“在…外”和 log 意为“法律”组成。 Utlagi （从 utlagr 衍生而来）形容不受法律保护的人。 在8世纪到11世纪间侵略并定居于英格兰的斯堪的纳维亚人创造了古英语词utlaga， 指由于犯罪行为而必须把财产献给皇家并且即使被杀死也不能反诉。在中世纪时期被放逐者的法律地位不如以前那么严格了。然而中世纪英语中兴起的命名罪犯总称的这种宽松用法在美国西部的传说中仍然存在〔Nuneaton〕A municipal borough of central England north of Coventry. It is a textile center in a coal-mining region. Population, 113,200.纽尼顿：英格兰中部的自治城市，位于科文特利以北，是煤矿区的纺织业中心。人口113,200〔Wakefield〕A borough of north-central England east-northeast of Manchester. In the Battle of Wakefield (1460) Richard Plantagenet, the third duke of York (1411-1460), was slain by Lancastrian forces in the Wars of the Roses.韦克菲尔德：英格兰中北部一城市，位于曼彻斯特东北偏东，在玫瑰战争韦克菲尔德一役(1460年）中，金雀花王朝约克·查理三世(1411-1460年）被兰开斯特部队绞死〔Lancaster〕English royal house that from 1399 to 1461 produced three kings of England—Henry IV, Henry V, and Henry VI. During the Wars of the Roses its symbol was a red rose.兰开斯特王朝：从1399年至1461年的英格兰王朝，产生过三位英格兰国王，亨利四世、亨利五世和亨利六世。在玫瑰战争期间它的标志是一朵红玫瑰〔English〕Of, relating to, or characteristic of England or its people or culture.英国的，英国人的：英格兰的，与英格兰人或文化相关的，或具有英格兰特性的〔Torbay〕A borough of southwest England east-northeast of Plymouth. It is in a popular seaside resort area. Population, 112,400.托培：英格兰西南部普利茅斯东北偏东地区的一个行政区域。为海滨著名的旅游胜地。人口112,400.〔regency〕Regency Of, relating to, or characteristic of the style, especially in furniture, prevalent in England during the regency (1811-1820) of George, Prince of Wales (later George IV). Regency 乔治风格的：威尔士王子乔治（后为乔治四世国王）摄政时期(1811-1820年） 在英格兰流行的特别是家具的风格，或与此风格有关的或以此风格为特征的〔Newcastle〕Or New.cas.tle-un.der-Lyme [-ŭn'dər-līmʹ] A municipal borough of west-central England south-southwest of Stoke. It has brick, tile, and clothing industries. Population, 74,200. 或 New.cas.tle-un.der-Lyme [-ŭn'dər-līmʹ] 纽卡斯尔：英格兰中西部的一个市级自治区，位于斯图克西南偏南。拥有制砖业、制瓦业和纺织服装工业。人口74,200〔Wimbledon〕A district of southern Greater London, England. It is the site of a major annual tennis tournament.温布尔登：英格兰大伦敦西南部一区。是每年一度的重要网球比赛地点〔Tweed〕A river, 156 km (97 mi) long, of southeast Scotland forming part of the Scottish-English border. It flows eastward to the North Sea and has rich salmon fisheries.特威德河：苏格兰东南部的一条河，流约156公里(97英里），形成苏格兰与英格兰边界的一个部分。它向东流注入北海，富产大马哈鱼〔Scone〕A village of central Scotland northeast of Perth. The old part of the village was the coronation site of Scottish kings until 1651. The Stone of Scone, or Stone of Destiny, which served as a throne during the coronation rites, was taken to England by Edward I in the late 13th century and today rests in Westminster Abbey beneath the chair used during the crowning of British monarchs. 斯昆：一个位于苏格兰中部、佩思东北部的村庄。直到1651年这个村庄的旧部都是苏格兰国王的加冕地。这个村庄在作为加冕地期间，一块当作御座的命运之石在13世纪晚期被爱德华一世带入英格兰，今天它被放置在威斯敏斯特教堂内一张英国封建君主曾用于加冕的椅子下面〔Thames〕A river of southern England flowing about 338 km (210 mi) eastward to a wide estuary on the North Sea. Navigable for large ships as far as London, it is the principal commercial waterway of the country. In its upper course above Oxford it is often called Isis.西蒙斯河：流程约338公里(210英里）的南英格兰河，向东流向北海宽湖三角湾。巨轮航运远至伦敦，它是该国主要商业水路。牛津以上上游部分通称为伊塞斯〔Wordsworth〕British poet whose most important collection,Lyrical Ballads (1798), published jointly with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped establish romanticism in England. He was appointed poet laureate in 1843. 华兹华斯，威廉：(1770-1850) 英国诗人，其最重要的全集《抒情歌谣》 （1798年）同塞缪尔·泰勒柯尔斯基合作出版，为建立英格兰诗歌的浪漫主义风格做出了贡献。他于1843年被授予桂冠诗人 〔alderman〕A noble of high rank or authority in Anglo-Saxon England.贵族，当权者：盎格鲁-撒克逊时期英格兰的高等贵族或当权者〔Cornishman〕A man who is a native or inhabitant of Cornwall, England.康沃尔人：英格兰康沃尔郡的本地人或居民〔Devon〕A region of southwest England bordering on the English Channel. Occupied in Paleolithic times, it became part of Wessex in the eighth century.德文部：英格兰西南部的一个地区，与英吉利海峡交界。旧石器时代时期形成，在8世纪成为威斯克斯的一部分〔Exmoor〕A moorland plateau of Cornwall in southwest England. It is a popular tourist area with notable prehistoric ruins.埃克斯穆尔高地：英格兰西南康沃尔的一片荒野高原。它是一个受欢迎的旅游区，有著名的史前遗迹〔Harlow〕An urban district of southeast England northeast of London. It was designated as a new town in 1946 to alleviate overpopulation in London. Population, 79,400.哈洛区：英格兰东南部一城区，位于伦敦东北。为减轻伦敦的人口压力而于1946年兴建。人口79,400〔canter〕Most of those who have majored in English literature,and many more besides,know that Chaucer'sCanterbury Tales were told by a group of pilgrims on their way to Canterbury to visit the shrine of England's famous martyr Thomas à Becket.Many pilgrims other than Chaucer's visited Canterbury on horse,and phrases such asCanterbury gallop, Canterbury pace, and Canterbury trot described the easy gait at which they rode to their destination. The first recorded instance of one of these phrases,Canterbury pace, is found in a work published before 1636. However, in a work written in 1631 we find a shortened form,the nounCanterbury, meaning "a canter,” and later, in 1673,the verbCanterbury, meaning "to canter.” This verb, or perhaps the noun,was further shortened, giving us the verbcanter, first recorded in 1706,and the nouncanter, first recorded in 1755. 专业是英语文学史的绝大多数人，还有许多其他的人，都知道乔叟的 坎特伯雷故事集 是由一群朝圣者在坎特伯雷的路上讲述的， 他们去那里是为了瞻仰英格兰著名的殉道士托马斯· 贝科特的神殿。除了乔叟笔下的这些朝圣者外的许多其他朝圣者也骑着马前去。一些短语，例如Canterbury gallop，Canterbury pace 和 Canterbury trot 描述了这些朝圣者在骑往他们的目的地时的缓和步态。 这些短语最早见于记录的例子Canterbury pace 发现于1636年之前出版的一部著作中。 然而，在写于1631年的一部著作中我们找到了一个缩略的形式，名词Canterbuty， 意即“慢跑”； 后来在1673年，又有了动词Canterbury, 意为“慢跑。” 这一动词，或者也许是这个名词，后来又被进一步缩写成canter, 该动词最早被记录于1706年，而名词canter 则被最早记录于1755年 〔Chertsey〕An urban district of southeast England on the southern bank of the Thames River. It has engineering works. Population, 73,100.切特西：英格兰东南部城区，位于泰晤士河南岸。有机械工厂。人口73,100〔Tees〕A river, about 113 km (70 mi) long, of northeast England flowing generally east to the North Sea.提兹河：位于英格兰东北部一河流，流程约113公里(70英里），向东流入北海〔Kingswood〕An urban district of southwest England, a mainly residential suburb of Bristol. Population, 84,200.金斯伍德：英格兰西南部的一个城区，是布里斯托尔的主要居民区郊区。人口84,200〔Crosby〕A municipal borough of northwest England on Liverpool Bay. It is primarily residential. Population, 53,660.克罗斯比：英格兰西北部的一个自治市，位于利物浦湾畔。它主要是居住区。人口53,660〔Haworth〕A village of northern England west-northwest of Bradford. The Brontë sisters—Charlotte, Emily, and Anne—lived with their father and brother in the parsonage, which now houses a library and museum devoted to family memorabilia.霍沃思：英格兰北部一村庄，位于布雷福德西北偏西。布朗特姐妹（夏洛特、艾米莉和安妮）和她们的父亲及弟弟所住的牧师寓所现在已改为图书博物馆，用来纪念这一家族〔Basingstoke〕A municipal borough of south-central England on the North Downs west-southwest of London. Mentioned as a royal manor in the Domesday Book, it was long a market center for silk and woolen textiles. Population, 67,300.贝辛斯托克：英格兰中南部的一自治市镇，位于伦敦西南偏西的北部高地。在英格兰土地勘查记录书中把它作为皇家庄园，长期以来，它成为丝绸和羊毛织品的交易中心。人口67,300〔trump〕The history of the wordtrump gives meaning to this seemingly nonsensical word and also relates to the history of the game of bridge.Trump is an alteration of the word triumph used in special senses that are now obsolete. These senses, first recorded in a sermon of 1529 by the English prelate Hugh Latimer, are "a card game" and "trump" as it is used in card games.In the same 1529 textone may find the first instances oftrump, used in the same two senses as triumph. Fromtrump and other games came the card game whist, which in turn developed into bridge.The termtrump survived even though the game of trump did not. trump 一词的历史赋予这一看似荒唐的词以意义， 同时它也与桥牌的历史相联系。在triump 的一些现已过时的特殊意义中 trump 可与之换用。 这些意义便是牌戏中所用的“牌戏”和“王牌”，它们首次记载于英格兰高级教士拉蒂默1529年的一篇布道中。在1529年的同一篇文章中，我们可找到trump 被用于 triump 的这两个意义的例子。 从trump 和其它游戏产生了牌戏， 而后又发展成为桥牌。尽管特拉普这一牌戏已不复存在，但trump 一词留存至今 〔Tyne〕A river, about 129 km (80 mi) long, of northern England flowing eastward to the North Sea.泰恩河：英格兰北部的一条河，流程约129公里(80)公里，向东流入北海〔Cornishwoman〕A woman who is a native or inhabitant of Cornwall, England.康沃尔女人：英格兰康沃尔郡本地的或居住的女人〔Anglocentric〕“[His] view of American culture from its very origins is almost truculently Anglocentric" (Jack Miles)“[他] 对美洲文化起源的见解几乎就是盛气凌人的英格兰中心论” (杰克·麦尔斯)〔Hereford〕Any of a breed of beef cattle developed in England and having a reddish coat with white markings.赫勒福德牛：在英格兰养的一种肉用牛，通体淡红，有白色斑纹 |
| 随便看 |
|
学习网英语词汇栏目收词371507余条，连同派生词、复合词、词组和习语等。每个词条提供了音标、词性、释义、用法、搭配和同（近）义词等多项功能，对所收词汇进行全方位的解释和说明，内容丰富，功能全面。