| 单词 | 社会学 |
| 释义 | 〔Weber〕German sociologist and a pioneer of the modern analytical method of sociology. His works includeThe Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (1904-1905). 韦伯，马克斯：(1864-1920) 德国社会学家，社会学的现代分析方法的先行者。他的作品包括《基督新教伦理和资本主义精神》 （1904-1905年） 〔philosophe〕Any of the leading philosophical, political, and social writers of the 18th-century French Enlightenment.启蒙思想家：18世纪法国启蒙运动时期的哲学家、政治家或社会学作家〔Lynd〕American sociologist. With his wife,Helen Merrell Lynd (1896-1982), he wrote the pioneering sociological study Middletown: A Study in Contemporary American Culture (1929). 林德，罗伯特·斯汤顿：(1892-1970) 美国社会学家。与其妻海伦·玛瑞尔·林思 (1896-1982年）同写了开拓性社会学著作 《城市中心：当代美国文化研究》 （1929年） 〔Comte〕French philosopher known as the founder of positivism. He also established sociology as a systematic study.康德，（伊西多尔）奥古斯特（玛丽·弗朗索瓦）：(1798-1857) 法国哲学家，以实证主义创始人闻名。他还使社会学成为系统的科学〔strangle〕"That artist is strangled who is forced to deal with human beings solely in social terms"(James Baldwin)“被迫使仅以社会学术语来描绘人的艺术家是受到压制的”(詹姆斯·鲍德温)〔fieldwork〕The collecting of sociological or anthropological data in the field.野外考察：野外社会学或人类学事实资料的收集〔ethnomethodology〕The branch of sociology that deals with the codes and conventions that underlie everyday social interactions and activities.人种方法学：研究涉及构成日常社会相互作用、相互影响和社会活动的基础的规则和惯例的社会学的一分支学科〔Ward〕American sociologist considered a founder of sociology in the United States. His works includeThe Psychic Factors of Civilization (1893). 沃德，莱斯特·弗兰克：(1841-1913) 美国社会学家，被认为是美国社会学的创建者。他的作品包括《文明的精神因素》 （1893年） 〔ecology〕The branch of sociology that is concerned with studying the relationships between human groups and their physical and social environments. Also called human ecology 社会生态学：社会学的一支，以人群与其生理环境和社会环境之间的关系为研究对象 也作 human ecology〔sociology〕The study of human social behavior, especially the study of the origins, organization, institutions, and development of human society.社会学：研究人类社会行为，尤其是研究人类社会的起源、组织、风俗习惯和发展的学科〔garbology〕The study of a society or culture by examining or analyzing its refuse.废弃物社会学：通过观察和分析废弃物对一个社会及文化进行的研究〔pluralistic〕Of or relating to social or philosophical pluralism.多元论的：属于或是关于社会学或哲学的多元论〔positivism〕The system of Auguste Comte designed to supersede theology and metaphysics and depending on a hierarchy of the sciences, beginning with mathematics and culminating in sociology.实证论：为超越神学及玄学而创设的奥古斯都孔德体系，这一体系以科学的等级为依据，以数学为基础而以社会学为最高级〔incubator〕the college campus as an incubator of radical new sociological concepts.大学校园是产生激进的社会学新概念的温床〔Durkheim〕French social scientist and a founder of sociology who is known for his study of social values and alienation. His important works includeThe Rules of Sociological Method (1895). 涂尔干，埃米尔：(1858-1917) 法国社会科学家，是社会学的创始人之一，以其对社会价值与异化的研究著称，他的重要著作包括《社会方式的规则》 （1895年） 〔phytosociology〕The branch of ecology that deals with the characteristics, classification, relationships, and distribution of plant communities.植物社会学：研究植物群落的特点、分类、关系和分布的社会生态学分支〔Muncie〕A city of east-central Indiana northeast of Indianapolis. Established on the site of an earlier Delaware settlement, it was the setting for Robert and Helen Lynd's pioneering sociological studyMiddletown (1929). Population, 71,035. 曼西：美国印第安纳州中东部城市，位于印第安纳波利斯东北部。建立在早期特拉华殖民地的遗址上，是罗伯特和海伦·琳达最早的社会学研究的地点中部城镇 (1929年）的地点。人口71,035 |
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