| 单词 | 伊斯兰教 |
| 释义 | 〔Sufism〕Islamic mysticism.苏菲派：伊斯兰教的神秘主义〔caliph〕A male leader of an Islamic polity.哈里发：伊斯兰教政治组织中的男性领导人〔minaret〕A tall, slender tower on a mosque, having one or more projecting balconies from which a muezzin summons the people to prayer.伊斯兰教寺院的尖塔：清真寺上高而细的塔，上有一个或多个突出的阳台，阿訇在其上为朝拜的人们布道〔odalisque〕A concubine or woman slave in a harem.妻妾：（伊斯兰教国家中）的后宫中的妾或女奴〔Shiite〕A member of the branch of Islam that regards Ali and his descendants as the legitimate successors to Mohammed and rejects the first three caliphs.什叶派教徒：一支承认阿里和他的后裔为穆罕穆德合法继承人而不承认第一批三个哈里发的伊斯兰教教派的成员〔Copt〕An Egyptian belonging to or descended from the people of ancient or pre-Islamic Egypt.科普特人：古代埃及人或者在伊斯兰教传入埃及之前的埃及人中的成员或其后裔〔Islamize〕To convert to Islam.使…皈依伊斯兰教〔Islamism〕The religious faith, principles, or cause of Islam.伊斯兰教：伊斯兰教的宗教信仰，原则，或事业〔Sikhism〕The doctrines and practices of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam.锡克教：一种16世纪在印度北部创立的一神教的学说和实践，该宗教结合印度教和伊斯兰教的基本原则〔Moslem〕A believer in or adherent of Islam.穆斯林：伊斯兰教的信徒或追随者〔convert〕We converted to Islam several years ago.我们在几年前皈依伊斯兰教〔Sunna〕The way of life prescribed as normative in Islam, based on the teachings and practices of Mohammed and on exegesis of the Koran.圣行：伊斯兰教认为规范的一种生活方式，建立在穆罕默德的教诲与行为以及对《古兰经》的解释上〔Khomeini〕Iranian Shiite leader and head of state (1979-1989). Arrested (1963) and exiled (1964) for his opposition to Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi's regime, he returned to Iran on the shah's downfall (1979) and established a new constitution giving himself supreme powers. His reign was marked by a return to strict observance of the Islamic code.霍梅尼，卢霍拉：(1900-1989) 伊朗伊斯兰教什叶派领袖和国家元首（1979-1989年）。因反对沙·穆罕默德·礼萨·巴列维的统治而被捕（1963年）和流放（1964年），沙被颠覆后回到伊朗（1979年）并创立了一个赋于他自己最高权利的新宪法。他的统治以重新严格遵守伊斯兰教义为标志〔corsair〕A pirate, especially along the Barbary Coast.海盗：海盗，特别是沿北非伊斯兰教各国的海盗〔Mohammed〕Arab prophet of Islam. At the age of 40 he began to preach as God's prophet of the true religion. Mohammed established a theocratic state at Medina after 622 and began to convert Arabia to Islam.穆罕默德：伊斯兰教的阿拉伯先知，四十岁时开始作为真正的宗教的上帝的先知传教。穆罕默德在公元622年以后在麦地那建立了一个政教合一国家并使阿拉伯半岛皈依伊斯兰教〔Lully〕Spanish philosopher and mystic who attempted to identify the common elements shared by Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. His principal work isArs Magna ( The Great Art ). 卢力，雷芒德：(1235?-1316) 西班牙哲学家和神秘主义者。他试图分辨出基督教，伊斯兰教和犹太教的共同点。他的主要作品有《Ars Magna》 （ 《伟大的艺术》 ) 〔heathen〕One who adheres to the religion of a people or nation that does not acknowledge the God of Judaism, Christianity, or Islam.异教徒：一个国家或民族中不信犹太教、基督教或伊斯兰教的人〔Bactrian〕The Middle Iranian language of the Bactrians, known from scattered inscriptions and legal documents extending into the Islamic period.大夏语：大夏国人的中古伊朗语言，从流传至伊斯兰教时期的散落碑文和法律文件中得知〔Mecca〕A city of western Saudi Arabia near the coast of the Red Sea. The birthplace of Mohammed, it is the holiest city of Islam and a pilgrimage site for all devout believers of the faith. Population, 550,000.麦加：沙特阿拉伯西部城市，位于红海沿岸。它是伊斯兰教创始人穆罕默德的诞生地，是伊斯兰教最神圣之地，也是笃信伊斯兰教的虔诚教徒的朝拜中心。人口550,000〔halal〕Meat that has been slaughtered in the manner prescribed by the shari’a.清真肉：按伊斯兰教规规定的方式屠宰的肉〔Fatima〕Daughter of the Islamic prophet Mohammed. She married Ali, among the first to embrace Islam, and is considered by Moslems to be one of the Four Perfect Women.法蒂玛：伊斯兰先知穆罕默德的女儿。她嫁给了首批皈依伊斯兰教的阿里，被穆斯林认为是四个完美女人之一〔Sufi〕A Moslem mystic.苏菲派信征：伊斯兰教的神秘主义者〔mujahideen〕"As a fighting force, the mujahideen still retain a grim determination to pursue their jihad (holy war) against the invaders from the north"(Edward Girardet)“作为一支战斗力量，伊斯兰教游击队战士仍然保持着不屈的决心进行圣战，以反对来自北部的入侵者”(爱德华·吉拉德)〔Sunni〕The branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors of Mohammed.逊尼派：伊斯兰教教派，认为前四个哈里发是穆罕默德的合法继承人〔Ali〕Moslem caliph (656-661) after whose assassination Islam was divided into Sunnite and Shiite sects.阿里：伊斯兰教哈里发（656-661年），其被刺杀后，伊斯兰教分裂为逊尼教派和什叶教派〔halal〕In accordance with or permitted under the shari’a.与伊斯兰教规一致的，被伊斯兰教规允许的〔Pahlavi〕Shah of Iran from 1941 to 1979, when he was deposed by Islamic fundamentalists.巴列维，穆罕默德·礼萨：(1919-1980) 1941年到1979年为伊朗的国王，后来他被伊斯兰教的教义派所废黜〔ayatollah〕A high-ranking male Shiite religious authority, generally assuming a political role and regarded as worthy of imitation.阿亚图拉：高级的男性伊斯兰教什叶派宗教权威，一般担任一个政治角色并被认为是值得仿效的对象〔azan〕The Moslem summons to prayer, called by the muezzin from a minaret of a mosque five times a day.祈祷召唤，叫拜：穆斯林对祈祷者的召唤，由报呼祷告时刻的人从清真寺伊斯兰教尖塔上每天呼唤5次〔hegira〕Also Hegira The flight of Mohammed from Mecca to Medina in 622, marking the beginning of the Moslem era. 也作 Hegira 回教纪元：公元622年穆罕默德从麦加到麦地那的逃亡，标志着伊斯兰教纪元的开始〔halal〕a halal butcher; a halal label.按伊斯兰教规屠宰的屠夫；伊斯兰教合法屠宰标志〔Allah〕God, especially in Islam.阿拉：上帝，尤指伊斯兰教上帝〔pagan〕Not Christian, Moslem, or Jewish.异教徒的：不是基督教、伊斯兰教或犹太教教徒的〔Nubia〕A desert region and ancient kingdom in the Nile River valley of southern Egypt and northern Sudan. After the 20th centuryb.c. it was controlled by the rulers of Egypt, although in the 8th and 7th centuries an independent kingdom arose that conquered Eygpt and ruled as the XXV Dynasty (712-663). Converted to Christianity in the 6th century a.d. , Nubia united with Ethiopia but fell to the Moslems in the 14th century. Much of the region was flooded by the completion of the Aswan High Dam in the 1960's. 努比亚：埃及南部和苏丹北部尼罗河谷的沙漠地区和古代王国公元前 。20世纪后被埃及统治者控制，但是在公元前8世纪和7世纪曾兴起一个独立王国，征服了埃及并作为二十王朝（公元前712-663年）统治。 公元后 6世纪皈依基督教，努比亚和埃塞俄比亚联合，但在14世纪又转为伊斯兰教。在20世纪60年代亚斯文高水坝建成之前，这里大部分地区洪水泛滥 〔harem〕A house or a section of a house reserved for women members of a Moslem household.闺房：在伊斯兰教国家女性家庭成员居住的房子或房子的一部分〔Moslem〕Moslem is the form predominantly preferred in journalism and popular usage. Muslim is preferred by scholars and by English-speaking adherents of Islam. Moslem 这种形式主要用于新闻报道和一般用法。 Muslim 主要用于学者们和讲英语的伊斯兰教信徒中 〔Islam〕A monotheistic religion characterized by the acceptance of the doctrine of submission to God and Mohammed as the chief and last prophet of God.伊斯兰教：一种一神教，其特征是接受服从上帝和穆罕默德的教义，并认后者为上帝主要的同时也是最后一个先知〔Shiite〕Of or relating to the Shiites or their branch of Islam.什叶教的：什叶教教徒的或他们的伊斯兰教派的，或与之有关的〔infidel〕An unbeliever with respect to a particular religion, especially Christianity or Islam.异教徒：不信仰某一种宗教（尤指基督教或伊斯兰教）的人〔Hausa〕A member of a predominantly Moslem people inhabiting northern Nigeria and southern Niger.豪萨人：居住在尼日利亚北部及尼日尔南部的主要信奉伊斯兰教的民族的成员 |
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