| 单词 | 作物 |
| 释义 | 〔dust〕dusted the cookies with sugar; dust crops with fertilizer.将饼撒上糖粉；把化肥撒在作物上〔seminomad〕One of a people whose living habits are largely nomadic but who plant some crops at a base point.半游牧民：生活习惯是四处游牧但也在基地种植一些作物的民族之一员〔beggarweed〕Any of several tick trefoils, especiallyDesmodium tortuosum or D. purpureum, grown for forage or as a cover crop in subtropical and tropical regions. 山马蝗，扭荚山绿豆：几种山马蝗之一，尤指南美山马蝗 或 红紫山马蝗 ，用作草料或亚热带、热带地区的期间作物 〔take〕crops taking up nutrients.正在吸收养分的作物〔binder〕An attachment on a reaping machine that ties grain in bundles.捆缚装置：收割扎束机上把作物扎成束的附件部分〔chaff〕The dry bracts enclosing mature grains of wheat and some other cereal grasses, removed during threshing.谷壳：包在成熟小麦粒和其他一些作物粒上的干壳，在脱粒时被除去〔seed〕Set aside for planting a new crop:作种用的：为了种植新作物留作种用的：〔bunt〕A smut disease of wheat and other cereal grasses, caused by fungi of the genusTilletia and resulting in grains filled with foul-smelling, sooty black spores. 腥黑穗病：小麦和其它谷物的一种黑穗病，由腥黑粉菌 属的真菌引起，使作物长满腥臭的、烟煤色的黑孢子 〔plantation〕It has probably seemed ironic to more than one reader that the same wordplantation appears in the name Plimoth Plantation, a settlement of people seeking freedom of religion,albeit their particular form of religion,and also as the term for the estates of the pre-Civil War Southwith their beautiful mansions for the white elite and their hovels for the oppressed Black slaves.These two uses of the wordplantation illustrate two sense developments of the word, which is first recorded in Middle English asplantacioun in a work probably written during the first quarter of the 15th century. Latinplantātiō, the source of our English word, originally meant "propagation of a plant, as from cuttings,”but in Medieval Latin developed other related senses,such as "planting,” "foundation, establishment,” and "nursery, or collection of growing plants that have been planted.”The two senses that were used in New England and in the South can thus be explained.The Plimoth sense is derived from the notion of a settlement or colony that has been established or planted in a new country.The Southern sense goes back to the notion of simply planting crops,in this casecrops such as tobacco or cottonthat are grown on estates or farms in subtropical or tropical climatesand were at one time worked by slave labor.同样的单词plantation 出现在名称 Plimoth Plantation （普利茅斯种植园）中，这对不止一名读者来说，可能看起来是具讽刺意味的， 该名称指寻求宗教自由的人的小型社区，虽然他们的宗教形式很特别，也是作为内战前南方庄园的术语，指供高贵白种人居住的漂亮公馆和受压迫的黑人奴隶居住的破旧茅屋。单词plantation 的这两种用法说明了这个单词两种意思的发展， 其以可能于15世纪最初二十五年创作的一部作品中的plantacioun 形式首次记录进中世纪英语。 拉丁文plantatio 是我们这个英语单词的词源， 最初意为“植物的繁殖，如通过供插栽小枝，”但是在中世纪拉丁文中又发展了其它的相关的意思，例如“种植、”“建立、设立”和“苗圃或已被种植的活的植物的集合。”这样，用在新英格兰和南方的这两种意思就能够解释了。普利茅斯种植园的意思是从在新的国家中建立或移民的新拓居地或殖民地的概念中引申出来的。南方庄园的意思则可追溯到简易耕种作物的概念上来，在这种情况下，例如烟草或棉花等农作物，生长在亚热带或热带气候的庄园或农场，且一段时间以来由奴隶种植〔popcorn〕Popcorn is very much an American institution.Particularly enjoyed by people in the United States,it is grown as a native product and denoted by a word that is an Americanism,a word or expression that was first used in English in the United States.Popcorn, from the verb pop and the noun corn, fits these criteriabecause the first recorded use of the word is found inMemorable Days in America, an account written by the British traveler William Faux and published in London in 1823: "I crossed the Big Wabash . . . at La Valette's ferry,where is beautiful land . . . and two lonely families of naked-legged French settlersfrom whom I received two curious ears of poss corn.”Notice that either Faux misunderstood the termor the French settlers mispronounced it.This type of corn, introduced to the settlers by Native Americans,was long grown by them,little knowing that their benefaction would one day be consumed by countless moviegoers while watching Westerns.爆玉米是美洲人非常熟知的事物。尤其为美国人喜欢，这种作物被他们作为本地作物而大量种植并以一个美国单词来命名，这个词首先在美国被用于英语中。Popcorn 源于动词 pop 和名词 corn， 并且它适应这些标准，因为有关这个词的最早记录见于由英国旅行者威廉·福克斯所著的、1823年在伦敦出版的游记在美国的难忘日子 中，福克斯在其中写道： “我在瓦莱特码头渡过大沃巴什河，那儿有美丽的田地…及两个孤零零的法国家庭，他们都是赤脚的法国拓荒者，从他们那儿我得到了两根奇怪的玉米棒。”请注意，要么也许是福克斯误解了该词，要么也许是法国拓荒者发错了音。这种类型的玉米是美洲印第安人介绍给这些拓荒者的，且已被这些印第安人种植很久了，但他们几乎无法料到他们的施惠有一天会被无数电影观众一边嚼着一边看西部片。〔cradle〕A frame projecting above a scythe, used to catch grain as it is cut so that it can be laid flat.摇篮架：大镰刀上的突起框架，是用来使割下来的作物平整放置的配件〔pepper〕Any of several tropical American, cultivated forms ofCapsicum frutescens or C. annuum , having podlike, many-seeded, variously colored berries. 美洲胡椒：任何一种热带美洲作物，形状如小米辣 或 辣椒 ，有色彩各异的豆荚状多籽的种子 〔intercrop〕To plant (a crop) in the same field with another.间作：把（某种作物）和另一种种植在一起〔ensilage〕Fodder preserved in a silo; silage.贮窖的饲料：贮藏在贮窖中的饲料；青贮作物〔amaranth〕Any of various annuals of the genusAmaranthus having dense green or reddish clusters of tiny flowers and including several weeds, ornamentals, and food plants. 苋属植物：几种苋属 一年生植物，有绿色或浅红色的密集小花簇，还包括几种草、观赏植物和食物作物 〔agrology〕The applied science of soils in relation to crops.土壤学：和作物相关的应用土壤学〔cereal〕The grain of such a grass.粮食：此类作物的谷粒〔intercrop〕To grow more than one crop in the same field, especially in alternating rows.实行间种：在同一块地中种植不止一种作物，尤其是相间种植〔cradle〕To reap (grain) with a cradle.收割：用附有摇篮架的大镰刀收割（作物）〔swing〕"Prices fluctuated violently from the irregularity of the crops" (Lesley B. Simpson).“由于作物产量不稳定导致价格剧烈波动” （莱斯利B·辛普森）。〔rye〕Whiskey made from the grains of this plant.黑麦威士忌：用该作物的种子做的威士忌酒〔dicofol〕A pesticide, C14H 9Cl 5O, containing a small percentage of DDT and used primarily to control mites on crops. 笛高福：一种杀虫剂C14H 9Cl 5O，含有少量的百分比的滴滴涕，主要用于防治作物上的螨虫 〔flourish〕The crops flourished in the rich bottomland.作物在肥沃的河岸低地生长繁茂〔cereal〕A food prepared from any of these plants, especially a breakfast food made from commercially processed grain.荞麦食品：一种用这些作物做成的食品，尤指商业加工过的谷物所做的早餐〔scarecrow〕A crude image or effigy of a person set up in a field to scare birds away from growing crops.稻草人：竖在田里以吓走鸟类接近正在生长中的作物的粗糙的人型或模拟像〔greenfly〕A green aphid commonly occurring as a destructive pest of various cultivated plants.蚜虫，桃蚜：一种常见的、危害各种作物的绿色蚜虫〔wintergreen〕Any of several similar or related plants, such as the pipsissewa.梅笠草：一种与冬青类似或有亲缘关系的作物，如梅笠草〔corn〕A seed or fruit of various other plants, such as a peppercorn.各种其他作物如干胡椒的种子或果实〔biodynamics〕A method of organic gardening and crop cultivation in which certain factors, such as planetary and seasonal cycles, are considered.生物动力学：有机物栽培和作物培养的一种方法，需要考虑如行星作用和季节轮换等因素〔phylloxera〕Any of several small insects of the genusPhylloxera that are related to aphids, especially P. vitifoliae, a widely distributed species very destructive to grape crops. 根瘤蚜；葡萄根瘤蚜：一种根瘤蚜属 的小昆虫，与蚜虫有亲缘关系，尤指广泛分布的、对葡萄类作物极有害的一个品种 葡萄根瘤蚜 〔aldicarb〕A crystalline compound, C7H 14N 2O 2S, used in agriculture as a pesticide on crops such as cotton, potatoes, and sugar beets. 碳醛：一种晶体化合物，C7H 14N 2O 2S，作为如棉花、土豆和甜菜等作物的除虫剂而用于农业中 〔rootworm〕Any of several beetles of the genusDiabrotica, the larvae of which feed on the roots of various crop plants, especially corn. 根虫：任一种条叶四属 甲壳虫，其幼虫以谷物等各种庄稼作物为食 〔yield〕To give forth a natural product; be productive.生产：产出自然作物；生产〔ratoon〕To propagate (a crop) from ratoons.使长根蘖：截根栽培（作物）〔rotate〕To plant or grow (crops) in a fixed order of succession.按固定的顺序连续不断地轮种（作物）〔ergot〕A fungus(Claviceps purpurea) that infects various cereal plants and forms compact black masses of branching filaments that replace many of the grains of the host plant. 麦角菌：一种麦角属真菌（麦角菌 麦角菌属） ，它感染谷类作物，形成一种紧密的黑色分叉细丝状物质代替作物的谷粒 〔cultivate〕To grow or tend (a plant or crop).种植，照料：种植或照料（植物或作物）〔cultivator〕An implement or a machine for loosening the soil and destroying weeds around growing plants.耕耘机：一种用来在生长作物周围松土锄草的农具或机器〔cereal〕Any of several other plants or their edible seed or fruit, such as buckwheat or grain amaranth.荞麦：其它植物或其可食用的种子或果实，如荞麦或苋属作物〔aftermath〕A second growth or crop in the same season, as of grass after mowing.再生草：同一季节内的第二个生长期或第二批作物，如割除后的草 |
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