| 单词 | 英军 |
| 释义 | 〔Princeton〕A borough of central New Jersey north-northeast of Trenton. Founded by Quakers in 1696, it is the seat of Princeton University (established in 1746 as the College of New Jersey and renamed in 1896). George Washington defeated the British here in January 1777. Population, 12,016.普林斯顿：美国新泽西州中部一自治镇，位于特兰顿东北偏北部。1696年由贵格教派建立，是普林斯顿大学所在地（建于1746年，称新泽西学院，1896年更名）。1777年1月乔治·华盛顿在此地击败英军。人口12,016〔Hale〕American Revolutionary soldier hanged by the British as a spy. According to tradition, his last words were "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.”黑尔，内森：(1755-1776) 美国独立战争时的战士，被英军以间谍罪绞死。据一般的说法，他的最后一句话是：“我唯一的憾事是只有一条生命献给祖国”〔Rochambeau〕French army officer who commanded French forces in the American Revolution, most notably in the defeat of the British at Yorktown (1781).罗尚波，孔德·德：(1725-1807) 曾率法军支援美国独立战争的法国军官，因在英国的约克镇战役中(1781年）击败英军而功勋显赫〔boycott〕Charles C. Boycott seems to have been forced by his strong sense of duty into becoming a household word.Boycott was the estate agent of the Earl of Erne in County Mayo, Ireland.The earl was one of the absentee landowners who as a group held most of the land in Ireland.Boycott was chosen in the fall of 1880 to be the test case for a new policy advocated by Charles Parnell, an Irish politician who wanted land reform.Any landlord who would not charge lower rents or any tenant who took over the farm of an evicted tenant would be given the complete cold shoulder by Parnell's supporters.Boycott, a former British soldier, refused to charge lower rents and ejected his tenants.At this point members of Parnell's Irish Land League stepped in,and Boycott and his family found themselves isolated—without servants, farmhands, service in stores, or mail delivery.Boycott's name was quickly adopted as the term for this treatment,not just in English but in other languages such as French, Dutch, German, and Russian.查理斯·C·博伊考特看来是因为其强烈的责任感而成为一个家喻户晓的词。博伊考特是爱尔兰麦奥县俄内伯爵的房地产经纪人。俄内是占有爱尔兰大部分土地的不在地主集团中的一员。博伊考特于1880年秋季被选为一项新政策的试点，此项政策是由一个企图进行土地改革的爱尔兰政治家──查理斯·帕内尔提出的。那些不愿降低地租的地主或接管被驱逐佃户土地的佃农都被帕内尔的支持者疏远。作为原英军士兵的博伊考特，拒绝收取低地租并且驱逐佃户。此时帕内尔爱尔兰土地联盟成员插手了，博伊考特及其家人发现他们被孤立了──没有仆人，农业工人，得不到商店服务，也没有人送信。博伊考特的名字很快就被用作这种对待方法的专有名词，不仅用于在英语中，而且也用于如法语、荷兰语、德语和俄语的其他语言中〔Germantown〕A residential section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Settled in 1683, it was the site of a Revolutionary War battle (October 4, 1777) in which George Washington's troops unsuccessfully attacked the British encampment. The original township was annexed by Philadelphia in 1854.日尔曼敦：美国宾夕法尼亚州费拉德尔菲亚的住宅区。建立于1683年，是北美独立战争一次战斗的遗址（1777年10月4日），在那里乔治·华盛顿的军队没能成功突袭英军营地。1854年其原有镇区被宾夕法尼亚合并〔post〕Either of two bugle calls in the British Army, sounded in the evening as a signal to retire to quarters.熄灯号：英军的两个熄灯号之一，在晚上吹响以作为就寝的信号〔Marion〕American Revolutionary soldier known for his guerrilla tactics against the British in South Carolina.马里恩，弗朗西斯：(1732?-1795) 美国革命战争时期的战士，在南卡罗来纳州以游击战略抗击英军而闻名〔Madison〕First Lady of the United States (1809-1817) as the wife of President James Madison. She earlier served as White House hostess for the widowed Thomas Jefferson. During the British invasion of Washington, D.C. (1814), she heroically carried important government papers and a portrait of George Washington to safety.麦迪逊，多尔雷·佩恩·托德：(1768-1849) 美国的第一夫人(1809-1817年），詹姆士·麦迪逊总统之妻。早期她替丧妻的托马斯·杰弗逊担当白宫的女主人。英军入侵华盛顿特区的时候(1814年），她曾英勇地将一些重要的政府文件及一幅乔治·华盛顿的肖像转移到安全的地方〔Vellore〕A town of southeast India west-southwest of Madras. The Sepoy Mutiny began here in 1806. Population, 174,247.韦洛尔：印度东南部的一个城市，位于马德拉斯西南以西。英军印度兵的叛变于1806年在此发起。人口174,247〔Morgan〕American Revolutionary soldier who commanded the defeat of the British at the Battle of Cowpens, South Carolina (1781).摩根，丹尼尔：(1736-1802) 美国革命战士，曾在南卡罗来纳州的考本斯战役(1781年）中指挥击败英军〔Danbury〕A city of southwest Connecticut northwest of Bridgeport. Settled in 1685, it was largely destroyed by the British in 1777 during the American Revolution. Population, 65,585.丹伯里：美国康涅狄格西南一城市，位于布里奇波特西北。建于1685年，1777年在北美独立战争中，大部分被英军破坏。人口65,585〔Hyderabad〕A city of southern Pakistan on the Indus River northeast of Karachi. Founded in 1768, it was occupied by the British in 1839. The city is noted for its handicrafts. Population, 745,000.海得拉巴：巴基斯坦南部城市，濒临印度河，位于卡拉奇东北。始建于1768年，1839年被英军占领。这个城市以手工艺品著名。人口745,000〔Howe〕British general in America. Although he defeated George Washington in a number of battles, he could not force a surrender and returned to England in 1778.豪，威廉：(1729-1814) 北美英军总司令。虽然他在多次战役中打败了乔治·华盛顿，但他无力使其投降，并于1778年返回英国〔Hull〕American general who surrendered Detroit to the British during the War of 1812. He was convicted of cowardice and sentenced to death but was pardoned by President James Madison.赫尔，威廉：(1753-1825) 美国将军，在1812年战争中向英军投降并交出了底特律市。他受控懦弱而被判死刑，但后被詹姆斯·麦迪逊总统赦免〔Revere〕American silversmith, engraver, and Revolutionary hero. On April 18, 1775, he made his famous ride, celebrated in a poem by Longfellow, to warn of the British advance on Lexington and Concord, Massachusetts.里维尔，保罗：(1735-1818) 美国银匠、雕刻师及美国革命英雄。在1775年4月18日，他做出了一次著名的骑马旅行以警告英军在马萨诸塞州来克星顿及康科德的推进，该行动被朗非罗称颂于一首诗中〔Washington〕The capital of the United States, on the Potomac River between Virginia and Maryland and coextensive with the District of Columbia. It was designed by Pierre L'Enfant and became the capital in 1800. In the War of 1812 the British captured and sacked (1814) Washington, burning most of the public buildings, including the Capitol and the White House. Population, 609,909.华盛顿特区：美国首都，位于弗吉尼亚和马里兰之间的波多马克河畔，与哥伦比亚特区具有同等范围。它由皮埃尔·L·昂方设计，于1800年成为首都。在1812年战争中，英军占领并洗劫了华盛顿(1814年），烧毁了大部分公共建筑，包括国会大厦及白宫。人口609,909〔Perry〕American naval officer who led the fleet that defeated the British in the Battle of Lake Erie (1813) during the War of 1812.佩里，奥利弗·哈泽德：(1785-1819) 美国海军军官。在1812年英美战争期间，他曾率领美国海军在伊利湖击溃英军(1813年）〔Hampton〕An independent city of southeast Virginia opposite Norfolk onHampton Roads, the outlet of three rivers into Chesapeake Bay. Settled by colonists from Jamestown in 1610, the city was sacked by the British in the War of 1812 and was almost burned to the ground by Confederates in 1861 to prevent its occupation by Union troops. Population, 133,793. 汉普顿：美国弗吉尼亚州东南部的一个独立城市，隔汉普顿大道 与诺福克相望，在那儿有三条河相汇并注入切萨皮克湾。该市于1610 年为詹姆斯敦的殖民者所建，在1812年战争中被英军洗劫，并在1861年几乎被南方联邦军队烧为平地，以免落入北方军队之手。人口133,793 〔Greene〕American Revolutionary general whose strategies in the South significantly weakened British strength in the region.格林，内森耐尔：(1742-1786) 美国革命时期将军，其在南部的战略布署极大地削弱了英军在该地区力量〔Montgomery〕British army officer who during World War II commanded the British victories over German forces in North Africa (1942) and the Allied advance through Normandy (1944).蒙哥马利，伯纳德·劳：(1887-1976) 英国陆军军官，在第二次世界大战中指挥北非战役(1942年），率英军击溃德军并率同盟军参加了诺曼底登陆(1944年）〔Haig〕British field marshal who was commander in chief of the British forces on the western front (1915-1918).黑格，道格拉斯：(1861-1928) 英国陆军元帅，在1915年到1918年期间任西线英军总司令〔Ward〕American Revolutionary general who directed Massachusetts troops in the siege of Boston, until George Washington relieved him of the command and drove the British from the city (1776).沃德，阿尔特姆斯：(1727-1800) 美国独立战争时期将军，在波士顿包围战中指挥马萨诸塞州部队，直到乔治·华盛顿接替他的领导职位并将英军驱逐出城(1776年）〔Moultrie〕American Revolutionary soldier who defended Charleston, South Carolina, against British attacks (1776 and 1779).莫尔特里，威廉：(1730-1805) 美国独立战争中的战士，曾为保卫查尔斯顿、南卡罗来纳州抗击英军的进攻(1776和1779年）〔Prescott〕American Revolutionary patriot who on April 18, 1775, joined Paul Revere and William Dawes on their ride to spread the news of the British advance on Concord, Massachusetts. Because Revere was captured and Dawes was forced to retreat, only Prescott was able to warn the militias of Lincoln and Concord.普雷斯科特，塞缪尔：(1751-1777?) 美国独立战争中的爱国者。在1775年4月18日，他和保罗·罗维尔和威廉·道斯一起传播了英军向马萨诸塞州的康科德进军的消息，后因里维尔被捕，而道斯义被迫撤退，只有普雷斯科特最终向驻扎在林肯和康科德的民兵报警〔Stark〕American Revolutionary general who defeated the British at Bennington, Vermont (1777).斯塔克，约翰：(1728-1822) 美国独立战争将领，在佛蒙特州贝宁顿击败英军(1777年）〔Ticonderoga〕A resort village of northeast New York between Lake George and Lake Champlain. Fort Carillon, built by the French in 1755, was taken in 1759 by the British, who renamed it Fort Ticonderoga. American Revolutionary troops captured the fort in May 1775, but it was later abandoned without a struggle to British forces in July 1777 during the Saratoga Campaign.泰孔德罗加：美国纽约东北部一村庄，位于乔治湖与尚普兰湖之间。1755年法国人在这里建造了卡里隆堡，1759年被英国夺取并重新命名为泰孔德罗加堡。1775年5美国独立战争部队占领了这个城堡，但在1777年7月的萨拉托加战役中，该城堡被不战而弃，落入英军手中〔Jackson〕The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.杰克逊，安德鲁：(1767-1845) 美国第七任总统(1829-1837年），是1812年的战争中美军的将军，于1815年在新奥尔良打败英军。任总统期间他反对美洲银行，反对各州拥有把相抵触的联邦法律废除的权力，增大了总统的集权〔Edward〕English soldier during the Hundred Years' War. The eldest son of Edward III, he fought at Crécy (1346) and Poitiers (1356), where the English forces captured John II of France.爱德华：百年战争中的英军战士，爱德华三世的长子。他曾在克雷西(1346年）和普瓦捷(1356年）地区作战，在后次战役中英军俘虏了法国的约翰二世〔Yorktown〕A village of southeast Virginia on the York River north of Newport News. It was the site of Cornwallis's surrender of the British forces (1781) in the American Revolution. During the Civil War Union troops occupied the town after a siege lasting from April to May 1862.约克镇：美国弗吉尼亚州东南一村庄，位于约克河河畔、纽波特斯北部。是独立战争期间英军康华利斯投降(1781年）所在地，美国内战期间，历经1862年四至五月的围城之后，联邦军队占领了约克镇〔Schuyler〕American Revolutionary general of American forces in New York State who was relieved of his command after the British capture of Fort Ticonderoga (1777). He later served as a U.S. senator from New York (1789-1791 and 1797-1798).斯凯勒，菲利普·约翰：(1733-1804) 美国独立战争时纽约州军队的将领，在英军攻陷泰孔德罗加要塞后被解除职务(1777年）。他后来成为纽约州选出的美国参议员(1789-1791年及1797-1798年）〔Wayne〕American Revolutionary general who was involved in numerous campaigns, including the Battles of Brandywine (1777) and Monmouth (1778). His seizure of Stony Point, a British defense post (1779), displayed the tactical audacity that gave rise to his nickname.韦恩，安东尼：(1745-1796) 美国独立战争将领，参加了很多战役，包括布兰迪万河战役(1777年）和蒙茅斯战役(1778年）。他对在英军防守地斯托尼波因特的夺取中(1779年）表现了战术上的大胆，也由此博得了他的绰号〔Guesclin〕French military commander active in numerous battles against the English.盖斯克兰，贝特朗·杜：(1320?-1380) 法国军队指挥官，领导了数次反对英军的战役〔Cherbourg〕A city of northwest France on the English Channel. The site has been occupied since ancient times and was frequently contested by the French and English because of its strategic location. Population, 28,442.瑟堡：法国西北部城市，位于英吉利海峡上。这个地方从古代就一直被占领，并曾因其战略位置而不断被英军和法军争夺。人口28,442〔Saratoga〕A former village of eastern New York on the west bank of the Hudson River east of Saratoga Springs. The defeat and surrender of Gen. John Burgoyne's British army on October 17, 1777, marked the end of the hard-fought Saratoga Campaign (June-October) and was a major turning point in the American Revolution.萨拉托加：美国纽约东部从前的一个村庄，位于哈得孙河两岸，萨拉托加斯普林斯以东。1777年10月17日约翰·伯戈因将军率领的英军在此被打败并投降，标志着激烈的萨拉托加战役的结束(6月-10月），此役是美国独立战争的一个重要转折点〔Himmler〕German Nazi leader. Second in power to Hitler, he directed the Nazi elite forces, the SS (1929-1945); commanded the Third Reich's police and secret police, the Gestapo (1936-1945); and coordinated the operation of the concentration and extermination camps (1941-1945). Captured by the British, he killed himself.希姆莱，亨利希：(1900-1945) 德国纳粹头子，权力仅次于希特勒。他领导纳粹的精英——保安梯队(1929-1945年）；负责指挥第三帝国的警察和秘密警察盖世太保(1936年-1945年）；协调集中营和灭绝集中营的行动(1941年-1945年）。被英军俘虏后，自杀身亡〔Wolseley〕Irish-born British general and colonial administrator. He defeated Egyptian forces in the struggle for control of the Suez Canal (1882) and was commander in chief of the army (1895-1901).吴士礼：爱尔兰裔的英国将军和殖民统治者。他在(1882年）争夺苏伊士运河控制权时打败了埃及军队，于1895年至1901年任英军总司令〔Logan〕Iroquois leader. After his family was massacred by settlers (1774), he became an ally of the British during the American Revolution.洛根，詹姆斯：(1725?-1780) 易洛魁人首领。1774年因其全家遭殖民者屠杀，在美国独立战争中与英军结盟〔Peekskill〕A city of southeast New York on the Hudson River north of White Plains. Strategically important in the American Revolution, it was burned by the British in 1777. Population, 19,536.皮克斯基尔：美国纽约东南部一城市，位于怀特普莱恩斯以北哈得孙河畔。它在美国独立战争时期具有战略意义，1777年曾被英军焚毁。人口19,536〔Allen〕American Revolutionary soldier whose troops, the Green Mountain Boys, helped capture Fort Ticonderoga from the British (1775).艾伦，伊桑：(1738-1789) 美国独立战争时格林山兄弟会首领，曾于1775年率部帮助攻克英军泰孔德罗加要塞〔Brant〕Mohawk leader who supported the British in the French and Indian War and the American Revolution.布兰特，约瑟夫：(1742-1807) 莫霍克族领袖，在法印战争和美国革命中支持英军 |
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