| 单词 | 船上 |
| 释义 | 〔scuttlebutt〕A drinking fountain on a ship.淡水桶：船上的饮水贮藏器〔strange〕"I do hate to be chucked in the dark aboard a strange ship. I wonder where they keep their fresh water" (Joseph Conrad).“我的确憎恨黑夜中在一艘不熟悉的船上被抛弃。我不知道他们在哪里保存淡水” （约瑟夫·康拉德）。〔burgee〕A small distinguishing flag displayed by a yacht.燕尾旗：船上做号旗或标志的小旗〔troll〕To fish by trailing a line, as from a moving boat.拖钓曳绳钓鱼，如从移动的船上〔hamper〕Necessary but encumbering equipment on a ship.船上必需的但是累赘的设备〔bargeman〕The master or a crew member of a barge.驳船船夫：船上的船长或水手〔pilot〕The helmsman of a ship.舵手：船上掌舵人〔plenty〕"Ships were then not so plenty in those waters as now"(Herman Melville)“那时船上那些水不如现在充足”(赫尔曼·梅尔维尔)〔loblolly〕Loblolly is a combination of lob, probably an onomatopoeia for the thick, heavy bubbling of cooking porridge, and lolly, an old British dialect word for "broth, soup, or any other food boiled in a pot.” Thus, loblolly originally denoted thick porridge or gruel, especially that eaten by sailors on board ship. In the southern United States, the word is used to mean "a mudhole; a mire,” a sense derived from an allusion to the consistency of porridge. The name loblolly has become associated with several varieties of trees as well, all of which favor wet bottomlands or swamps in the Gulf and South Atlantic states. Lobolly 是 lob ，可能是模仿熬粥时沉重的冒泡声，和意为“锅里煮着的清汤、浓汤或其他任何食物”的古英语方言 lolly 的结合。这样， loblolly 本来表示稠粥或稀粥，尤指船上水手们所喝的粥。在美国南部，这个词用于表示“泥坑；泥沼”，这个含义是以粥的浓稠性这一暗示而来。 loblolly 这一名称也与几种树木有关，这些树都适于生长在墨西哥湾及南大西洋各州的潮湿洼地或沼泽里 〔slatch〕In New Englandaslatch can be a lull between breaking waves or a lull in a high windstorm.Its use is recorded as far back as the 17th century: "Whan it hath beene a sett of foule weather and that there comes an Interim . . . of faire weather . . . they call it a little Slatch of faire weather" (Nomenclator Navalis).Occurrence of the word in both its senses,formerly in Britainand now in New England,attests continuous use down through the centuries of the Old English wordslæc, which is pronounced today as it was in Old English.Slæc is also the source of modern slack, the relationship ofslatch and slack being evidenced in the use of slatch in 17th-century nautical parlance to denote the slack part of a rope or cable on a ship. 在新英格兰，slatch 可能是中断的波浪之间的平静， 也可能是强烈风暴中的平静。它有记载的使用可以追溯到17世纪： “当一段坏天气中出现一阵…好天气时…他们把它叫做一小强烈风暴间的好天气” （诺曼克莱特·那瓦利斯）。这个词出现在这两个意思中，以前在英国使用，现在是在新英格兰，这证明了古英语中sloc 这个词经历几个世纪的不断的使用， 它现在的发音与它在古英语中的发音一样。Sloc 还是现代英语中 slack 这个词的词源， 17世纪航海用语中用slatch 这个词来表示船上绳索松散的部分，这清楚地表明了 slatch 与 slack 这两个词之间的联系 〔unlade〕To unload (cargo) from a ship.从船上卸货：将（货物）从船上卸下来〔afloat〕On a boat or ship away from the shore; at sea.在海上地（的）：在离岸的船上地（的）；在海上地（的）〔scuttlebutt〕A cask on a ship used to hold the day's supply of drinking water.饮水缸：船上的木桶，用于保证每天饮用水的供应〔disembark〕To take ashore from a ship.使上岸，使登陆：从船上拿到岸上〔company〕A ship's crew and officers.See Usage Note at collective noun 全体船员：船上的全体船员与官员 参见 collective noun〔aboard〕On board of; on; in.在…船上；在…上；在…里〔log〕A record of a ship's speed, its progress, and any shipboard events of navigational importance.航海记录：对船速、船程以及船上发生的所有对航海有意义的事件的记载〔junk〕The wordjunk is an example of the change in meaning known as generalization, and very aptly too, since the amount of junk in the world seems to be generalizing and proliferating rapidly. The Middle English wordjonk, ancestor of junk, originally had a very specific meaning restricted to nautical terminology.First recorded in 1353,the word meant "an old cable or rope.”On a sailing ship it made little sense to throw away useful materialsince considerable time might pass before one could get new supplies.Old cable was used in a variety of ways,for example, to make fenders,that is, material hung over the side of the ship to protect it from scraping other ships or wharves.Junk came to refer to this old cable as well. The big leap in meaning taken by the word seems to have occurred whenjunk was applied to discarded but useful material in general. This extension may also have taken place in a nautical context,for the earliest, more generalized use ofjunk is found in the compound junk shop, referring to a store where old materials from ships were sold.Junk has gone on to mean useless waste as well. Junk 一词是被称为词义扩大化的例子；由于世界上垃圾的数量正在迅速扩散和激增，该词词义的扩大也是很适宜的。 junk 一词源自古英语单词 jonk ， 其最初的意思只限于航海术语当中。1353年首次记载下来时，该词义为“旧缆绳或旧绳子”。在帆船上，扔掉有用的东西是不明智的，因为也许要过去好长一段时间才有可能得到新的供应品。旧缆绳可用在很多不同的方面，例如用来做防撞物，即悬在船舷上保护船舷不受其它船只或码头刮擦的材料。Junk 同样也用来指旧缆绳。 当junk 普遍地被用来指丢弃了的然而有用的材料时，该词的词义发生了巨大的变化。 该词的词义延伸也可能已经出现在与航海有关的背景中，因为junk 一词最早的、更为概括性的使用是在 junk shop 这一复合词中发现的。 该词指出售船上旧材料的商店。Junk 仍继续用来指没用的废旧物品 〔head〕A toilet, especially on a ship.洗手间：尤指船上的厕所〔save〕rescued sailors from a torpedoed ship.从被击沉的船上抢救出船员。〔caboose〕Possibly from obsolete Dutch cabūse [ship's galley] 可能源自 已废荷兰语 cabūse [船上的厨房] 〔shipboard〕Existing or occurring on board a ship:船上的：存在或发生于船上的：〔drink〕The hatch cover slid off the boat and into the drink.舱盖从船上滑入海里〔watch〕A chronometer on a ship.经线仪：船上的精密仪记时计〔bunker〕A bin or tank especially for fuel storage, as on a ship.燃料仓：仓库，尤指船上存放燃料的仓库〔crewmate〕A fellow member of a crew, especially of a crew of astronauts.同事：船上、飞机等工作人员的同事关系，尤指宇航员间的同事关系〔gear〕A ship's rigging.索具：船上的索具〔shanghai〕After Shanghai 1[from the former custom of kidnapping sailors to man ships going to China] 源自 Shanghai1[源于从前拐带水手去中国的人力船上的习俗] 〔jibe〕To shift a fore-and-aft sail from one side of a vessel to the other while sailing before the wind so as to sail on the opposite tack.改变帆的方向：航行时在逆风到来前为抢风行驶而把船上从船首到船尾扯开的帆移到另一边〔Tanka〕A member of a people in southern China and Hong Kong who live on small boats clustered in colonies. Also called Tan 蝥家，蛋民：中国大陆南方和香港群居在一起的船上人家 也作 Tan〔texas〕A structure on a river steamboat containing the pilothouse and the officers' quarters.高级房舱：船上包括水手和长官住处的结构〔pilothouse〕An enclosed area, usually on the bridge of a vessel, from which the vessel is controlled when under way. Also called wheelhouse （船上）驾驶舱，操舵室：建于船上驾驶台的封闭区，船在航行中由其控制 也作 wheelhouse〔swing〕The ship's lanterns swung violently in the raging storm.船上的灯笼在疾风暴雨中猛烈地晃动。〔trim〕To balance (a ship) by shifting its cargo or contents.装稳：调整船上的舱货或乘客以便（轮船）保持平衡〔stokehold〕The area or compartment into which a ship's furnaces or boilers open.船上锅炉舱：船上的火炉或锅炉所打开的地方或舱间〔fireboat〕A boat equipped to fight fires along waterfronts and on ships.救火艇，救火船：为扑灭沿水滨区和船上大火而装备起来的船〔shipboard〕a shipboard fire.船上的一起火灾〔shoot〕They shot their savings on a new boat.他们把积蓄都花在了这条新买的船上〔man〕man a ship.分配船上的船员〔breaker〕A small water cask, often used in lifeboats.（船上用的）小水桶：一种小水桶，常用于救生船上 |
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