| 单词 | 某种事物 |
| 释义 | 〔medium〕An agency by which something is accomplished, conveyed, or transferred:媒介，手段：通过它能完成、传输或转移某种事物的东西：〔claim〕The central meaning shared by these nouns is "a legitimate or asserted right to demand something as one's rightful due": 这些名词共有的中心意思是“要求把某种事物归为个人有权拥有的一种合法或声明的权利”： 〔idealize〕To render something as an ideal.把某种事物作为偶像〔alligator〕InThe Travailes of an Englishman, published in 1568, Job Hortop says that "in this river we killed a monstrous Lagarto or Crocodile.”This killing gives rise to the first recorded instance ofalligator in English, obviously in a different form from the one familiar to modern speakers.Alligator, which comes to us from Spanish el lagarto, "the lizard,” was modified in pronunciation and form in several ways before taking on the formalligator. Such changes, referred to by linguists as taboo deformation,are not uncommon in a name for something that is feared and include,for example, the change in sequence of ther and t that occurred between el lagarto and alligator. An interesting parallel case iscrocodile, which appears in Spanish, for example, ascocodrilo, with a similar difference in the sequence of the r. The earliest recorded form ofalligator that is similar to ours appears in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet (First Folio, 1623): "In his needie shop a tortoyrs hung,/An Allegater stuft.”在出版于1568年的英国人的劳作 一书中， 约伯·霍特普说“在这条河里我们杀死过一只巨大的蜥蜴或鳄鱼。”这次捕杀导致alligator 作为首次载入英语的实例， 和现代人所熟悉的词形明显不同。Alligator 来源于西班牙语 ellagarto， 意思是“蜥蜴，” 在采用alligator 这个词之前，其发音和词形经过了好几种变化。 这些变化，语言学家们称作禁忌变形，在人们惧怕的某种事物的名称里是常见的，而且还包括r 和 t 在以下两个单词 ellagarto 和 alligator 间依次的变化。 一个同样有趣的例子是crocodile， 在西班牙语里是cocodrilo， 区别在于排列顺序不同的 r 上。 最早记载的alligator 其词形接近我们所使用的词形，出现于莎士比亚的 罗密欧与朱丽叶 中，（1623年第一版对开本）： “在他的日用品店中挂着一个玩具，一只布做的鳄鱼。”〔test〕A procedure for critical evaluation; a means of determining the presence, quality, or truth of something; a trial:测试：决定性评价的过程；为决定某种事物的存在、特性或真实性而采取的手段；试验：〔home〕The place where something is discovered, founded, developed, or promoted; a source.发源地：某种事物被发现、找到、发展或推动的地方；发源地〔medium〕An intervening substance through which something else is transmitted or carried on.介质，触媒：通过它能传递或继续某种事物的中介物质〔indulgence〕The act of indulging in something:迁就，宽容：宽容某种事物的行为：〔unsuccessful〕Failing to attain something desired or intended:不成功的：没有得到所期望或所计划的某种事物的： |
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