| 单词 | 心理分析 |
| 释义 | 〔loaded〕The psychoanalyst specialized in asking loaded questions.擅长提出意味深长的问题的心理分析学家〔prevailing〕Many current psychoanalytic theories diverge markedly from classical Freudian dogma.许多现行的心理分析理论和古典弗洛伊德教条差别很大。〔West〕British writer and critic whose works include psychological novels, such asThe Judge (1922), critical studies, as of Henry James (1916), a historical study of Yugoslavia (1942), and several reports on the Nuremberg trials. 韦斯特，雷贝卡：(1892-1983) 英国作家和评论家。他的作品包括心理分析小说、如《法官》 （1922年），文学批评研究，如有关亨利·詹姆斯的研究(1916年），有关南斯拉夫的历史研究(1942年）和有关纽伦堡审判的几则报道 〔Reich〕Austrian psychoanalyst who theorized that sexual repression is the source of many psychological and social problems.赖希，威廉：(1897-1957) 奥地利心理分析家，他的理论认为性压抑是许多心理问题和社会问题的根源〔transference〕In psychoanalysis, the process by which emotions and desires originally associated with one person, such as a parent or sibling, are unconsciously shifted to another person, especially to the analyst.移情：在心理分析中，原先与一个人比如父母或子女相关的情感或欲望被无意地转移到另一个人的身上，尤指分析者〔couch〕A sofa on which a patient lies while undergoing psychoanalysis or psychiatric treatment.长榻，躺椅：病人躺在上面进行心理分析或精神病治疗的一种沙发〔Freud〕Austrian-born British psychoanalyst noted for her application of psychoanalysis to child therapy.弗洛伊德，安娜：(1895-1982) 生于奥地利的英国心理分析学家，以她将心理分析应用在儿童精神治疗中而著名〔narcoanalysis〕Psychotherapy conducted while the patient is in a sleeplike state induced by barbiturates or other drugs, especially as a means of releasing repressed feelings or thoughts.麻醉心理分析：当病人通过巴比士酸盐或其它麻醉剂诱发的处于类似睡觉状态时进行的心理疗法，尤其是释放受抑制的感情或思想的方式〔psychoanalysis〕The method of psychiatric therapy originated by Sigmund Freud in which free association, dream interpretation, and analysis of resistance and transference are used to explore repressed or unconscious impulses, anxieties, and internal conflicts.心理分析：由西格蒙德·弗洛伊德创立的一套精神治疗的方法，用自由联系、对梦的阐释和对抵抗和移情的分析来研究被压抑或无意识的冲动、焦虑和内心冲突〔Fromm〕German-born American psychoanalyst who emphasized the role of social conditioning in human behavior. His books includeEscape from Freedom (1941) and The Art of Loving (1956). 弗罗姆，埃利切：(1900-1980) 生于德国的美国心理分析学家，强调在人的行为当中社会条件的作用。他的著作包括《逃离自由》 （1941年）和 《爱的艺术》 （1956年） 〔latency〕The psychoanalytic stage of development, from about five years to puberty, during which a child represses sexual urges and prefers to associate with members of the same sex.潜伏期：心理分析学中人的大约五岁到青春期这一发展阶段，在这期间儿童压抑其性欲并倾向于与同性别成员相处〔anal〕Of or relating to the second stage of psychosexual development in psychoanalytic theory, during which gratification is derived from sensations associated with the anus.肛欲期的：心理分析理论中性心理发展的第二个阶段，可从与肛门有关的感觉中获得快感的，或与之有关的〔hypnoanalysis〕The use of hypnosis in conjunction with psychoanalytic techniques.催眠分析：和心理分析技巧相结合的催眠术的使用〔Erikson〕German-born American psychoanalyst who proposed that people acquire mature psychosexual traits by overcoming a series of personal crises. His works includeChildhood and Society (1950). 埃里克逊，埃里克·洪堡：(生于 1902) 出生于德国的美国心理分析家,他认为人们是通过克服一系列的个人危机而获得成熟的精神性品质,他的著作包括《儿童与社会》 （1950年） 〔unconscious〕The division of the mind in psychoanalytic theory containing elements of psychic makeup, such as memories or repressed desires, that are not subject to conscious perception or control but that often affect conscious thoughts and behavior.无意识：心理分析理论中的一个精神领域，包含不受知觉作用控制但经常影响有意识思想或行为的心理构成因素，如记忆或受压抑的欲望〔identify〕In the sense "to associate or affiliate (oneself) closely with a person or group,”identify has developed two distinct subsenses. In one, the verb suggests a psychological empathy with the feelings or experiences of another person,as inMost young readers readily identify (or identify themselves ) with Holden Caulfield. This usage derives originally from psychoanalytic writing,where it has a specific technical sense,but like other terms from that field,it was widely regarded as jargon when introduced into the wider discourse.In particular,critics seized on the fact that in this sense the verb was often used intransitively,with no reflexive pronoun.As Wilson Follett wrote in 1966,"The critic . . . could help restore the true notion in these words if he would give upidentifying at large and resume identifying himself with Ivan Karamazov, Don Quixote, Mary Poppins, or whomever.” In recent years, however, this use ofidentify with without the reflexive has become a standard locution. Eighty-two percent of the Usage Panel accepts the sentenceI find it hard to identify with any of his characters; whereas only 63 percent now accepts this same usage when the reflexive pronoun is used,as inI find it hard to identify myself with any of his characters. · Omission of the reflexive with this use ofidentify serves among other things to distinguish it from use of the verb to mean "to associate (oneself) with the goals, interests, or principles of a group.” This use of the verb can be traced back to the 18th century,but it is now somewhat less acceptable to the Panel than the first sense under discussion:58 percent of the Panel accepts the sentenceShe identified herself with the campaign against drug abuse, and only 40 percent acceptsShe identified with the campaign against drug abuse, where no reflexive pronoun is used. 在“使（自己）密切联系或依附于别人”这一意思中的。identify 一词又有两种不同的含义。 第一，这个动词表现了对其他人的感情或经历在心理上的认同，例如大多数青年读者很快认同了 （或 identify themselves ) 霍尔顿·科尔菲德。 这种用法来源于有关心理分析的著作，在这些著作中，这个词具有特殊的科技含义，不过就象从该领域引入的其它词语一样，这个词在日常生活使用中还带有专业术语的痕迹。特别指出的是，批评家们在发现这个词常常作为不及物动词来用，后面不带反身代词。正如威尔逊·福勒特1966年写到的，“如果评论家们很早就全面放弃identifying 而重新使用 identifying himself with 伊万·卡拉玛佐夫、堂吉诃德、玛丽·波普斯等人物，那就会有助于探询出这些词的真实含意。” 不过，近年来使用identify with 中间不加反身代词已成为一种标准搭配。 用法专题小组中82%的成员认为我觉得很难认同于他小说中的人物 一句是正确的； 而现在只有63%的成员接受使用反身代词来表达同一意思的句子，即I find it hard to identify myself with any of his characters。 省略反身代词以及其它一些方法，使identify 这种用法区别于它作为动词在“与某个集团的目标、利益或原则相联系”一句中的意思。 它作为动词的用法可追溯到18世纪，不过对于用法专题小组来说它没有第一种解释那样被易于接受：58%的小组成员接受她支持反对滥用药物的运动 这一说法， 只有40%的成员接受不要反身代词的She identified with the campaign against drug abuse 这一说法 〔psychologize〕To investigate, reason, or speculate in psychological terms.作心理分析：从心理学角度作调查，推断或思考〔psychobabble〕Psychological jargon, especially that of psychotherapy:心理呓语：心理学的术语，尤指那些心理分析的术语：〔Freud〕Austrian physician and founder of psychoanalysis who theorized that the symptoms of hysterical patients represent forgotten and unresolved infantile psychosexual conflicts. His psychoanalytic theories, which initially met with hostility, profoundly influenced 20th-century thought.弗洛伊德，西格蒙德：(1856-1939) 奥地利医生，心理分析的创始人，他建立的理论认为歇斯底里病人的症状显示为健忘和无法克服的幼稚的性心理矛盾。他的心理分析理论开始遭受歧视，但后来深刻影响了20世纪的思想〔analyst〕A licensed practitioner of psychoanalysis.心理分析医生：有开业许可证的心理分析医生 |
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