| 单词 | 多数 |
| 释义 | 〔among〕By many or the entire number of; with many:为…之间所共有：对…中的多数或全体成员而论；许多：〔common〕a nursery rhyme familiar to most children;儿歌为多数小孩所熟悉；〔plurality〕The state or fact of being plural.多数状态，多重性：多数的状态或事实〔calcium〕A silvery, moderately hard metallic element that constitutes approximately 3 percent of the earth's crust and is a basic component of most animals and plants. It occurs naturally in limestone, gypsum, and fluorite, and its compounds are used to make plaster, quicklime, Portland cement, and metallurgic and electronic materials. Atomic number 20; atomic weight 40.08; melting point 842 to 848°C; boiling point 1,487°C; specific gravity 1.55; valence 2. See table at element 钙：一种银色的、硬度适中的金属元素，约占地壳中各种元素的百分之三，是多数动物和植物的基本组成物之一。自然存在于石灰石、石膏、氟石以及其它化合物之中，用于制造石膏、生石灰、硅酸盐水泥以及冶金和电子材料。原子序数20；原子量40.08；熔点842到848度；沸点1,487度；比重1.55；化学价2 参见 element〔Tchaikovsky〕Russian composer of often dramatic, richly expressive works, including the symphonyRomeo and Juliet (1869), the ballets Swan Lake (1877) and The Nutcracker (1892), and the opera Eugene Onegin (1879). 柴可夫斯基，彼得·伊里奇：(1840-1893) 俄罗斯作曲家，他的多数作品是戏剧，有丰富的表现意味，包括交响乐《罗密欧与朱丽叶》 （1869年）、芭蕾舞 《天鹅湖》 （1877年）和 《胡桃夹子》 （1892年）和歌剧 《尤金·奥尼金》 （1879年） 〔state〕 State andcondition, the most general, are largely interchangeable: State 和condition 最普通， 在多数情况下可以通用： 〔Bogsat〕"Bogsat is, more often than not, an innocent form of cronyism"(John W. Macy)"Most important decisions are still made by BOGSAT"(Dawn Marie Driscoll)“权宜之计在多数情况下是任人唯亲的无知作法”(约翰W.梅西)“大部分重大决定仍由缺乏经验的人作出的心血来潮的决策”(唐·玛丽·德里斯克尔)〔Pathan〕A member of a Pashto-speaking people of eastern Afghanistan and northwest Pakistan, constituting the majority population of Afghanistan.帕坦人：阿富汗东部和巴基斯坦西北部讲普什图语的一支，占阿富汗人口的多数〔quorum〕The minimal number of officers and members of a committee or an organization, usually a majority, who must be present for valid transaction of business.法定人数：委员会或组织最少人数的官员或成员，通常要达到多数，必须出席以确保事务处理的有效性〔plurality〕A large number or amount; a multitude.多数：较大的数目或数量；众多〔anaplasia〕Reversion of cells to an immature or a less differentiated form, as occurs in most malignant tumors.退行发育：细胞退化到不成熟或未变异的状态，如多数恶性肿瘤〔MACHO〕Any of various massive dark objects, such as a brown dwarf star or large planet, in the outermost regions of a galaxy, that may explain the observed anomalous rotation of most galaxies.天体紧密光圈物体：在银河系远程的各种巨大黑色物体，如棕色矮星或大行星，可对观测到的多数银河系不规则自转做出解释〔cut〕To discharge from a group or number:裁员：使…脱离某一团体或多数：〔catalase〕An enzyme found in the blood and in most living cells that catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.过氧化氢酶：一种见于血液和多数活细胞之中将过氧化氢催化分解成水和氧气的酶〔Commager〕American historian whose works includeMajority Rule and Minority Rights (1943) and The American Mind (1950). 柯梅杰，亨利·斯梯尔：(生于 1902) 美国历史学家，他的著作有《多数裁定原则和少数权利》 （1943年）和 《美国智者》 （1950年） 〔cladoceran〕Any of various small, mostly freshwater crustaceans of the order Cladocera, which includes the water fleas.枝角目动物，水蚤类动物：一种多数生活于淡水中的小型枝角目甲壳类动物，包括水蚤〔whelk〕Any of various large, mostly edible marine snails of the family Buccinidae, having a pointed, spiral shell, especiallyBuccinum undatum, which is commonly eaten in Europe. 蛾螺：一种蛾螺 科的体积大、多数可食用的海螺，有尖的螺旋状外壳，在欧洲被广泛食用的 〔sternum〕A long flat bone in most vertebrates that is situated along the ventral midline of the thorax and articulates with the ribs. The manubrium of the sternum articulates with the clavicles in human beings and certain other vertebrates. Also called breastbone 胸骨：位于多数脊椎动物延胸部中线并与肋骨相连的一块长而平的骨头，人类和一些其它脊椎动物胸骨的胸骨柄与锁骨相连 也作 breastbone〔majority〕When it refers to a group of persons or things that are in the majority,it may take either a singular or plural verb,depending on whether the group is considered as a whole or as a set of people considered individually.So we sayThe majority elects (not elect ) the candidate it wants (not they want ), since the election is accomplished by the group as a whole;butThe majority of the voters live (not lives ) in the city, since living in the city is something that each voter does individually. ·Majority is often preceded by great (but not by greater ) in expressing emphatically the sense of "most of": 当它是指处于多数地位的一组人或事物时，其动词既可以用单数也可以用复数，取决于把这个集体当作一个整体来看待还是当作个别的人的组合。所以我们说大多数人选举了 （不用 elect ) 他们所想要的候选人 （不用 they want )， 因为选举是由一个作为整体的群体所完成的；但是大多数投票者住在 （不用 lives ) 市区， 因为住在城市里是每个投票人作为个人所做的事情。Majority 的前面往往加一个 great （但是不加 greater )， 用来强调指出“大多数”的含义： 〔majority〕He won by a greater majority in this election than in the last. 他比上一次赢得更多数的选票 〔certain〕Althoughcertain appears to be an absolute term, it is frequently qualified by adverbs,as infairly certain or quite certain. In an earlier survey,a majority of the Usage Panel accepted the construction 尽管certain 像一个独立的词， 它也经常被副词的限定，如相当确定 或 非常肯定。 据以前的调查，多数用法专题使用小组成员接受这一结构 〔plurality〕The larger or greater part.大部分，多数：较大或较多的部分〔carry〕Roosevelt carried all but two states in the 1936 presidential election.在1936年总统选举中罗斯福在除两个州以外的其他各州中都获得多数选票〔majoritarian〕An advocate of majoritarianism.多数主义者：提倡多数主义的人〔majoritarian〕Based on majority rule:多数主义的：基于多数裁定原则的：〔cryptococcosis〕A systemic infection caused by the fungusCryptococcus neoformans that can affect any organ of the body but most often occurs in the central nervous system. 隐球菌病：一种由新型隐球酵母 真菌所致的全身性传染病，能够侵袭身体的任何器官，但多数通常出现在中枢神经系统中 〔unique〕Over the course of the centuryunique has become the paradigmatic example of the class of terms that do not allow comparison or modification by an adverb of degree such as very, somewhat, or quite. Thus, most grammarians believe that it is incorrect to say that something isvery unique or more unique than something else, though phrases such asnearly unique and almost unique are acceptable. In the most recent survey the sentenceHer designs are quite unique in today's fashion scene was unacceptable to 80 percent of the Usage Panel. · Critical objections to the comparison and degree modification of absolute terms date to the 18th centuryand have been applied to a wide group of adjectives includingequal, fatal, omnipotent, parallel, perfect, and unanimous. According to the standard argument, such words denote properties that a thing either does or does not have but cannot have to a qualifiable degree.Thus ifunique is properly used to mean "without equal or equivalent,” something either is unique or it isn't, and phrases such asvery unique and more unique can only betray a weakening of the sense to mean something like "unusual" or "distinctive.” It is true that comparison and modification ofunique are often associated with the style favored by copywriters, as in the advertisement announcing thatOmaha's most unique restaurant is now even more unique or in the claim that a new automobile is So unique, it's patented. But modification ofunique is also found in the work of reputable writers, where it may lack any connotations of hyperbole.A painting is described asthe most unique of Beckman's self-portraits, and a travel writer states thatChicago is no less unique an American city than New York or San Francisco. The relative acceptability of these usages reflects the semantic subtlety ofunique itself. If we were to useunique only according to the strictest criteria of logic, after all, we might freely apply the term to anything in the worldsince nothing is wholly equivalent to anything else.Clearly, then, when we say that a restaurant or painting is unique,we mean that it is worthy of inclusion in a class by itself according to certain implicit but generally accepted criteria.Thus a legitimately unique painting might be one that realizes an unparalleled aesthetic vision,but not one that is rendered only in pigments whose names begin with the lettero; and a legitimately unique restaurant might be one that serves 18th-century French cuisine according to the original recipes,not one that has been installed in a converted sardine cannery.Given this understanding, it is not inherently impossible to think of uniqueness as a matter of degree,in the sense that one painting or restaurant may be more or less worthy of inclusion in a class by itself than some other. ·What is troubling about the copywriters' use ofunique is not that the word has become a synonym for unusual. Rather, it is the copywriters who are using the word in conformity with strict logic.Uniqueness is claimed for a restaurant in virtue of some trivial properties of its decor or menu,or for a resort hotel that simply happens to have a singularly picturesque view of the bay.Though it may be true that such properties render these thingslogically unique, they do not constitute legitimate grounds for putting the things into a class by themselves according to the criteria ordinarily invoked when things are sorted into classes.In fact, the abuse ofunique can be cloying even when no modification or comparison is involved; when we read an advertisement for a line of sportswear that featuresa unique selection of colors, we may suspect that the distinctive properties of the color selection are not so remarkable as the advertiser would have us believe. But it is not surprising that these uses ofunique should lend themselves to promiscuous modification and comparison; for once it is granted that uniqueness can be claimed for any product or service that is somehow distinctive from all its competitors,it is inevitable that an increase in uniqueness will be seen in every minor innovation.See Usage Note at equal ,infinite ,parallel ,perfect 在本世纪整个过程中unique 已成为不能由程度副词，例 very、somewhat 或 quite， 比较或修饰的一类术语的例证。 因此，多数语法学家认为说某事是very unique 或 more unique than 是不正确的， 虽然短语例如nearly unique 和 almost unique 是可接受的。 在最近的调查中，句子Her designs are quite unique in today's fashion scene （她的设计在现今流行样式的场面中是很独特的） 对用法专题使用小组的百分之八十成员是不可接受的。 对纯粹术语的比较和程度修饰的主要异议可追述到18世纪，并已广泛用到许多形容词中，包括equal, fatal, omnipotent, parallel, perfect 和 unanimous。 根据标准论据，这些单词表示一事有或没有但不能有可修饰的程度的性质。于是如果unique 适当地用于表示“没有相等或相当的”，则某事是唯一的或不是唯一的， 而短语像very unique 和 more unique 仅能表露出说明某事像“不寻常的”或“独特的”的意义的减弱。 的确，unique 的比较和修饰常与撰稿人喜欢的文体相联系， 如在广告中称Omaha's most unique restaurant is now even more unique（奥马哈城的最独特的餐馆现在甚至是更加独特） 或声称新汽车是 So unique, it's patented（如此独特，它取得了专利权）。 但是unique 的修饰也在著名作家的作品中发现， 那里可能缺乏夸张法的任何涵义。描述一张油画为the most unique of Beckman's self-portraits（最独特的贝克曼的自画像）， 一位旅游作家叙述Chicago is no less unique an American city than New York or San Francisco（芝加哥比纽约或旧金山是不逊独特的美国城市）。 这些用法的相对可接受性反映unique 自身语义的巧妙。 如果我们仅按照逻辑的严格标准使用unique ， 则我们终于会自由地把此术语使用于世界上的任何事，因为没有完全等同于另一事的事。于是，显然当我们说餐馆或油画是独特的时，我们意味着根据某种隐含的但可普遍接受的判据它是值得包含在一个等级内的。于是合理独特的油画可能是实现空前未有的审美型的，而不是仅给予名字以字母O开始的颜料； 合理独特的餐馆可能根据原来的食谱提供18世纪法国菜肴的餐馆，而不是配备转换的沙丁鱼罐头食品的餐馆。按这样了解，将独特性视为程度问题不是本来就不可能的，在这个意义上一张油画或一个餐馆或多或少可能是极好的有价值的内涵物而不是其他。关于撰稿人使用unique 的困惑不是此单词已成为 unusual 的同义词。 相反地，正是撰稿人使用此单词与严密的逻辑相一致。对餐馆声称独特性是由于它的布置或菜单的某些不重要的性质，或者对于人们常去的旅馆仅因为有海湾的独一无二地别致的景象。虽然这样的性质使得这些事logically 独特的可能是真实的， 但是当事情进行了分类，根据平常实行的判据把这些事情自身放到一类，他们不组成正常的基础。事实上unique 的滥用会使人发腻，即使在没有涉及修饰或比较的时候； 当我们读运动服装的unique selection of colors（颜色的独特选择） 的一行广告时， 我们会怀疑颜色选择的独特性质并非广告商希望我们所认为的那么明显。但不必惊讶于unique 的这些用法应当适用于杂乱的修饰和比较； 就这一次可以承认，独特性能用来指任何产品或服务，它们与所有的竞争者相比较有某种程度的特色，在每一小的创新中可以看到独特性的增加是必然会发生的 参见 equal,infinite,parallel,perfect〔oscine〕Of, relating to, or belonging to the Oscines, a large suborder of passerine birds that includes most songbirds.鸣禽类的：鸣禽类的、与鸣禽类有关的或属于鸣禽类的，该类包括多数歌鸟雀形目鸟的一个大亚目〔cucurbit〕Any of various mostly climbing or trailing plants of the family Cucurbitaceae, which includes the squash, pumpkin, cucumber, gourd, watermelon, and cantaloupe.葫芦科植物：任一种葫芦科的多数为攀缘或蔓生植物，包括有南瓜属植物、西葫芦、黄瓜、葫芦、西瓜和甜瓜〔multiple〕from Late Latin multiplum [a multiple] 源自 后期拉丁语 multiplum [多数的，倍数的] 〔careen〕The implication of rapidity that most often accompanies the use ofcareen as a verb of motion may have arisen naturally through the extension of the nautical sense of the verb to apply to the motion of automobiles, which generallycareen, that is, lurch or tip over, only when driven at high speed. There is thus no reason to conclude that this use of the verb is the result of a confusion ofcareen with career, "to rush.” Whatever the origin of this use, however,it is by now so well establishedthat it would be pedantic to object to it.在多数时候，careen 作为动作动词使用时具有速度迅捷的含义。把该动词在航海方面的意思引申，使其义应用于汽车的运行，也许这样就很自然地产生了迅捷的含义； 因为汽车只有在高速行驶时通常才careen ，即突然地侧倾或偏斜。 据此，如果下结论说动词的这种用法是混淆了careen 和表示“急驰，猛冲的” careen 的结果，这是毫无道理的。 然而，不论这用法的起源是什么，如今它已得到确认，要对此表示异议的话未免过于迂腐了〔chrysanthemum〕Any of numerous, mostly Eurasian plants of the genusChrysanthemum in the composite family, many of which are cultivated as ornamentals for their showy, radiate flower heads. 菊，菊花：一种菊科菊属 植物，多数产于欧亚，有艳丽的放射头状花序，被栽培作为装饰物 〔conjure〕"Arizona conjures up an image of stark deserts for most Americans"(American Demographics)“亚利桑那州在多数美国人心中是一片荒凉沙漠的景象”(美国人口统计数据)〔carry〕The proposal carried by a wide margin.提案获得多数通过〔critique〕 There is no exact synonym,but in most contexts one can usually substitutego over, review, or analyze. 它没有确切的同义词，但在多数情况下，我们可以通常用go over，review 或 analyze 进行替换 〔majority〕The phrasegreater majority is appropriate only when considering two majorities: 词组greater majority 只是在两个多数作比较时才适用： 〔legion〕Constituting a large number; multitudinous:很多的，大量的：由大量的…构成的，多数的：〔majoritarianism〕Rule by simple numerical majority in an organized group.多数主义：在一个有组织的集团中实行单纯数量上的多数统治〔consensus〕An opinion or position reached by a group as a whole or by majority will:大多数意见：一个团体作为整体或服从多数所达成的共识或立场： |
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