| 单词 | 吝啬 |
| 释义 | 〔ungenerous〕Slow or reluctant in giving, forgiving, or sharing; stingy.吝啬的；不大方的：在给予、原谅或分配上慢的或勉强的；吝啬的〔mingy〕Mean and stingy.吝啬的，小气的〔pinch〕To be thrifty or miserly.吝啬的：过于节俭或吝啬的〔niggardly〕Grudging and petty in giving or spending.See Synonyms at stingy 小气的：吝啬给予或花费的 参见 stingy〔animadvert〕"a man . . . who animadverts on miserly patients, egocentric doctors, psychoanalysis and Lucky Luciano with evenhanded fervor"(Irwin Faust)“一个吝啬、苛刻的病人，自私自利的医生，精神分析学和幸运的卢奇给予公正评价的人”(欧文·福斯特)〔pant〕It would seem unlikely that the name of a 4th-century Roman Catholic saint should be the ultimate source of a word for a modern article of clothing commonly worn by both men and women.Pants, however, can be traced back to Pantaleon, the patron saint of Venice. He became so closely associated with the inhabitants of that citythat the Venetians became popularly known asPantaloni. Consequently, among the commedia dell'arte's stock characters the representative Venetian (a stereotypically wealthy but miserly merchant) was calledPantalone. His name in French,Pantalon, was borrowed into English (first recorded around 1590). During the middle of the 17th centurythe French came to identify him with one particular style of trousers,and this same style became known aspantaloons in English. Pantaloons was later applied to another style of trousers that came into fashion toward the end of the 18th century, tight-fitting garments that had begun to replace knee breeches.After thatpantaloons was used to refer to trousers in general. The last step in the development of the wordpants met with some resistance. This abbreviation ofpantaloon was considered vulgar and, as Oliver Wendell Holmes put it,"a word not made for gentlemen, but ‘gents.’”First found in the writings of Edgar Allan Poe in 1840,pants has replaced the "gentleman's word" in English and has lost all obvious connection to Saint Pantaleon.看起来一位公元4世纪的罗马天主教徒的名字似乎不可能是这个做为男人和女人平常都穿的布做的现代物品的根本词源。Pants 但可以追溯到奥塔莱昂，威尼斯的庇护神。 他变得与这座城市里的居民联系得这样紧密，以至于威尼斯人也通俗的被称为Pantaloni 。 结果，在即兴喜剧的角色中那个有代表性的威尼斯人（一个愚富而吝啬的商人）被称作Pantalone。 他的法语名字Panlalon 被借用到英语中（初次记录大约在1590年）。 在17世纪中期，法国人开始把它与一种特殊类型的裤子等同起来，同一种类型的裤子在英语中是pantaloons 。 Pantaloons 后来被用作另一种类型的裤子并在18世纪末日渐流行， 紧身衣服已经开始取代齐膝马裤。在那以后，pantaloons 被用来泛指裤子。 在pants 一词发展的最后遇到了一些阻力。 Pantaloon 的缩写被认为是粗俗的， 并且正如奥立弗·温德尔·霍姆斯所说，“并不是为绅士而造的词，而是为‘家伙们所造’”。最早在1840年发现于艾德加·爱伦·坡的作品中，pants 在英语中已经替代了那个“绅士的语言”， 而且显然已失去了和圣奥塔莱昂的一切联系〔stingy〕Giving or spending reluctantly.吝啬的：非常不情愿地给予或花费的〔mean〕 Mean suggests pettiness;it may also connote traits such as spite or niggardliness: Mean 有心胸狭窄的含义，同时也指带有恶意或吝啬： 〔close〕Giving or spending with reluctance; stingy.小气的，吝啬的：不情愿给予的或花费的；吝啬的〔tightfisted〕Close-fisted; stingy.See Synonyms at stingy 小气的；吝啬的 参见 stingy〔cheap〕Stingy; miserly.吝啬的；小气的〔begrudge〕To give or expend with reluctance:吝啬：不情愿地给予或花费：〔stingy〕 Tight andtightfisted suggest not only niggardliness but also a close and vigilant control over one's funds and possessions: Tight 和tightfisted 指不仅吝啬而且对某人资金和财产严密并谨慎地控制： 〔mean〕Miserly; stingy.自私的；吝啬的〔scarce〕The phrasescarce excerpt, if it ever should occur to one, is an excellent example of how two intimately related words can diverge from one another in form while passing from one language to another over the centuries.Both words can be traced back to the Latin wordexcerpo (past participle stem excerpt- ), meaning "to pick out,” "to pick out mentally,” and "to select a passage for quotation.”This is clearly the ultimate source of our nounexcerpt (first recorded before 1638) and verb (first recorded around 1536), a past participle usage already being recorded in the 15th century. A more tangled path leads to our wordscarce. It is assumed that side by side with Latinexcerpere existed the Vulgar Latin form .excarpere. .Excarpsus, an adjective formed with the past participle of .excarpere in Vulgar Latin, meant "narrow, cramped,” and from this Vulgar Latin form came the Old French wordéchars, "insufficient, cramped,” and "stingy.” The Old French word, which existed in a variety of forms in Old French,includingscars and the chiefly Old North French form escarse, was borrowed into Middle English asscarse, being first recorded in a manuscript written around 1300.如果人们能够想到scarce excerpt 这个词语， 是一个说明两个关系密切的词语如何历经几个世纪，在一种语言转化到另一种语言的同时从一种形式转化到另一种形式的极佳例子。两个词可追溯到拉丁词excerpo （过去分词词根为 excerpt- )， 意为“选出”、“在思想上进行选择”和“为了引用而选择一个段落”。很清楚，名词excerpt （第一次记录于1638年前）和动词（首次记录于约1536年）及过去分词用法的最终词源，在15世纪时就已经被记录下来。 词语scarce 的变化更为复杂。 据猜测与拉丁文中excerpere 同时存在的有拉丁俗语形式 excarpere。 Excarpsus在拉丁俗语中是由 excarpere 的过去分词形成的，意为“狭窄的、受限制的”， 从这一拉丁俗语形式形成了古法语词echars ，意为“不足的、受限制的”及“吝啬的”。 这些在古法语中以多种形式存在的古法语词，包括scars 和北部古法语的主要形式 escarse ， 被引入中世纪英语中成为scarse ， 在1300年左右第一次被记载在一手稿本中〔chintzy〕Stingy; miserly.吝啬的；守财奴似的〔stingy〕Close andclose-fisted imply both stinginess and exceeding caution: Close 和close-fisted 意味着吝啬和过分小心： 〔stingy〕Niggardly implies a tendency to be grudging and petty: Niggardly 指具有吝啬和小气的倾向： 〔skimp〕To be stingy or very thrifty.吝啬或非常节俭〔stingy〕"He was a miserly wretch who grudged us food to eat, and clothes to wear" (Charles Dickens).“他是个吝啬的坏蛋，他克扣我们的伙食和穿衣” （查尔斯·狄）。〔meager〕 Skimpy implies inadequacy, as in length or fullness, such as might result from frugality or stinginess: Skimpy 指因为吝啬而造成的长度、数量的不足： 〔Benny〕American comedian known for his delayed comic delivery and for his shows on radio (1932-1955) and television (1950-1965), which featured sketches based on his ficticious miserliness, constant age of 39, and inexpert violin playing.本尼，杰克：(1894-1974) 美国喜剧演员，以迟钝的喜剧口才和在广播（1932-1955年）及电视（1950-1965年）中的表演而著称，其滑稽剧的特色以虚构的吝啬为主要题材。演艺生涯共39年并且是业余小提琴手〔skimp〕To give inadequate funds to; be stingy with:少给，克扣：给…不足够的基金；吝啬：〔parsimony〕Unusual or excessive frugality; extreme economy or stinginess.过度节俭，吝啬：不寻常的或过度的节俭；极端的节约或吝啬〔chinchy〕Stingy; tightfisted; cheap.吝啬的；小气的；廉价的〔pinchpenny〕Unwilling to give or spend money; penny-pinching.吝啬的，过分节俭的：不情愿给钱或花钱的；过分吝啬的〔meanness〕The quality or state of being selfish or stingy.自私，吝啬：自私或吝啬的品质或状况〔Scrooge〕After Ebenezer Scrooge , miserly protagonist of A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens 源自爱博尼 Scrooge ， 圣诞颂歌 中吝啬的主人公，由查尔斯·狄更斯所著 〔cheapskate〕A stingy person; a miser.吝啬：吝啬小气的人；守财奴〔stingy〕 Stingy, the most general,implies absence of generosity and often an inclination toward meanness of spirit: Stingy 意义最广，指不慷慨并常表示性格吝啬的倾向： 〔niggard〕Stingy; miserly.吝啬的；小气的〔skimpy〕Unduly thrifty; niggardly.吝啬的：不适当地节省的；小气的〔stingy〕The old peasant was an avaricious and close-fisted fellow.那个老农是个贪婪而又吝啬的家伙。〔Belonger〕"Resentment for what many Belongers consider Britain's parsimonious attitude has rekindled a 13-year-old debate in the islands"(Maclean's)“许多贝隆格人对英国的吝啬态度所怀有的不满重新引起了岛内一场十三年的辩论”(麦克莱恩)〔penurious〕Ungenerously or pettily unwilling to spend money.See Synonyms at stingy 吝啬的：不慷慨或极度地不想花钱 参见 stingy〔scrimp〕To be excessively sparing with or of.对…吝啬或克扣〔run〕Stinginess seems to run in that family.那一家好象一直很吝啬〔miserly〕Of, relating to, or characteristic of a miser; avaricious, grasping, and penurious.See Synonyms at stingy 守财奴似的：与守财奴有关的，具有守财奴特性的；贪婪的、吝啬的且一毛不拔的 参见 stingy〔tight〕Reluctant to spend or give; stingy.吝啬的：不愿意花费或给予的；吝啬的〔near〕Stingy; parsimonious.吝啬的；小气的 |
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