| 单词 | 去年 |
| 释义 | 〔separate〕She was separated from her husband last year.去年她和丈夫离婚了〔go〕High boots went out last year.去年高筒靴就不流行了〔yesteryear〕The year before the present year.去年：当年之前的一年〔raid〕The members of an army traveling on a particularroad to carry out a raid probably would not draw a connection between the two words.However,raid and road descend from the same Old English word rād. Theai in raid represents the standard development in the northern dialects of Old English long a, while theoa in road represents the standard development of Old English long a in the rest of the English dialects. Old Englishrād meant "the act of riding" and "the act of riding with a hostile intent; that is, a raid,”senses that no longer exist for our wordroad. It was left to Sir Walter Scott to revive the Scots formraid with the sense "a military expedition on horseback.”The Scots weren't making all the raids, however.Others seem to have returned the favor,for we find these words in the Middle EnglishCoventry Leet Book : "aftur a Rode . . . made uppon the Scottes at thende of this last somer.”The "Rode" was led by the non-Scottish Duke of Gloucester, who was later crowned as Richard III, and Henry Percy, Duke of Northumberland.一支部队的士兵在某条road （路）上行进以发动一场 raid （袭击）， 这大概不会使这两个词之间产生什么联系。然而raid 和 road 这两个词源于古英语中的同一个词 rad 。 Raid 中的 ai 代表了古英语中北部发言中长 a 的标准发展， 而road 中的 oa 代表了其它地区古英语方言中长 a 的发展。 古英语中rad 的意思是“骑马的行动和出于敌意而骑马的行动； 也就是说，一次奇袭，”词意中不再有路 这个意思。 沃尔特·斯科特爵士又恢复了raid 这个词的苏格兰语形式， 其意思是“马上的远征”。然而，奇袭并不只是由苏格兰人发动。别人似乎也保留了对这个词的偏好，因为我们在中世纪英语的考文垂史料 中发现了这段话： “在去年夏末对苏格兰发动的奇袭之后…”。该“奇袭”是由后来被冠以查理三世的格洛斯特的非苏格兰公爵和诺森柏兰的亨利·珀西公爵领导的〔last〕last year; the last time I checked.去年；我最近检查的那次〔come〕"A further problem . . . came to light last summer as a result of post-flight inspections"(John Noble Wilford)“作为飞行后检查的结果，进一步的问题…出现在去年夏季”(约翰·诺贝尔·威尔福特)〔anything〕They aren't anything like last year's team.他们压根儿不喜欢去年的球队〔model〕My car is last year's model.我的汽车是去年的机型〔roof〕Operating costs went through the roof last year.去年的手术费用已涨到登峰造极的程度〔fall〕Last year, stock prices fell sharply.去年，股票价格猛跌〔pick〕Sales picked up last fall.去年的销售有起色 |
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