复合形式: UK | cosily | high-school student |
ionization, also UK: ionisation nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (physics: formation of ions) | 电离作用 diàn lí zuò yòng |
ionize [sth], also UK: ionise [sth]⇒ vtrtransitive verb: Verb taking a direct object--for example, "Say something." "She found the cat." | (turn [sth] into ions) | 使离子化 shǐ lí zǐ huà |
ionize, also UK: ionise viintransitive verb: Verb not taking a direct object--for example, "She jokes." "He has arrived." | (be turned into ions) | 离子化 lí zǐ huà |
| | 电离 diàn lí |
ionizer, UK: ioniser nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (machine: air purifier) | 离子发生器 lí zǐ fā shēng qì |
ischemic heart disease (US), ischaemic heart disease (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (common form of cardiac illness) | 缺血性心脏病 quē xiě xìng xīn zàng bìng |
| Ischaemic heart disease can eventually lead to a heart attack if not treated. |
| 如果不及时治疗,缺血性心脏疾病最终会导致心脏病发作。 |
italicization, also UK: italicisation nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (putting [sth] into italic letters) | 斜体 xié tǐ |
| | 使用斜体字 shǐ yòng xié tǐ zì |
| | 排成斜体 pái chéng xié tǐ |
italicize [sth], also UK: italicise [sth]⇒ vtrtransitive verb: Verb taking a direct object--for example, "Say something." "She found the cat." | (put [sth] into italic lettering) | 将…设置为斜体
|
| | 使…成为斜体
|
itemization, also UK: itemisation nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (individual listing) | 逐条列出 zhú tiáo liè chū |
| | 逐条记载 zhú tiáo jì zǎi |
itemize [sth], also UK: itemise [sth]⇒ vtrtransitive verb: Verb taking a direct object--for example, "Say something." "She found the cat." | (list individually) | 逐条列举 zhú tiáo liè jǔ |
| | 逐项列出 zhú xiàng liè chū |
itemize [sth], also UK: itemise [sth] vtrtransitive verb: Verb taking a direct object--for example, "Say something." "She found the cat." | (break [sth] down into a list) | 分条列记 fēn tiáo liè jì |
| | 逐条列出 zhú tiáo liè chū |
| The manager asked Sally to itemize the account. |
itemized deduction, also UK: itemised deduction nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (tax exemption) (税务) | 列举扣除额
|
itty-bitty (US), itsy-bitsy (UK) adjadjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house." | informal (very small, tiny) | 极小的 jí xiǎo de |
ize, also UK: ise suffixsuffix: Added to end of word stem--for example, friendless = friend+less. | (to form verbs) (后缀) | 【构成动词】
|
| For example: motorize, philosophise |
jail, also UK: gaol nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (detention facility) | 拘留所,看守所
|
| | 监禁处
|
| Kyle was arrested for being drunk in public and spent the night in jail. |
| 凯尔因为在公共场合醉酒而被拘留,在看守所里呆了一夜。 |
jawbreaker (US), gobstopper, gob-stopper (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | figurative (large round sweet) | 大而圆的硬糖 dà ér yuán de yìng táng |
jean (US), jeans (UK) n as adjnoun as adjective: Describes another noun--for example, "boat race," "dogfood." | (made of denim) | 粗斜纹棉布制的 cū xié wén mián bù zhì de |
| | 牛仔布制的 niú zǎi bù zhì de |
| She wore a short jean jacket over her summer dress. |
Jekyll and Hyde, Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (US), Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | figurative (person: alternately good, evil) | 双重人格;人前一面
|
| | 背后一面;人前谦谦君子
|
| | 人后作恶多端
|
| I'll never marry him! In public, he's Dr. Jekyll, but behind closed doors, he's Mr. Hyde. |
| 我绝不会嫁给他!在公共场合,他是彬彬有礼的谦谦君子,可是关上门来,他却是无恶不作的坏蛋。 |
jelly roll (US), Swiss roll (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | US (dessert: sponge and jam) | 果冻卷蛋糕 guǒ dòng juǎn dàn gāo |
| | 果酱卷心蛋糕 guǒ jiàng juǎn xīn dàn gāo |
jellyroll, UK: Swiss roll nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | US, slang (sexual reference: intercourse, lover, vagina) (俚语) | 性交 xìng jiāo |
| (美国俚语) | 性欲旺盛的情人 xìng yù wàng chéng de qíng rén |
| (美国俚语) | 女阴,外阴
|
jeopardize [sth], also UK: jeopardise [sth]⇒ vtrtransitive verb: Verb taking a direct object--for example, "Say something." "She found the cat." | (put [sth] at risk) | 危及 wēi jí |
| | 损害 sǔn hài |
| Karen jeopardized her career to help a friend. |
| 为了帮助朋友,卡伦危及了自己的职涯。 |
jet airplane, (US), jet aeroplane (UK), jet plane nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (aircraft) | 喷气式飞机 pēn qì shì fēi jī |
jeweler (US), jeweller (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (seller of jewellery, watches, etc.) | 珠宝商 zhū bǎo shāng |
| | 钟表商 zhōng biǎo shāng |
| The jeweler sold everything from watches to diamond rings. |
jewelry (US), jewellery (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (accessories with jewels) | 珠宝 zhū bǎo |
| | 首饰 shǒu shì |
| That jewelry seems a little excessive for a waitress. |
| 作为女侍应生,戴那么多珠宝有些过分。 |
jewelry box (US), jewellery box (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (case for valuable accessories) | 首饰盒,珠宝盒
|
| I've put all my rings in the jewelry box. |
jewelry store (US), jeweller's (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (sells, repairs jewelry) | 珠宝店 zhū bǎo diàn |
jibe, also UK: gybe viintransitive verb: Verb not taking a direct object--for example, "She jokes." "He has arrived." | (sailing: shift side to side) | 使(帆)从一舷转至另一舷 shǐ fān cóng yì xián zhuǎn zhì lìng yì xián |
job seeker (US), jobseeker (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (person looking for employment) | 找工作者 zhǎo gōng zuò zhě |
| | 求职者
|
jockstrap, athletic supporter, also UK: athletic support nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (sportsman's groin support) (运动时用) | 男士下体护身,护裆
|
| When playing sports, men must wear a jockstrap to support their groin. |
journalize [sth], also UK: journalise [sth]⇒ vtrtransitive verb: Verb taking a direct object--for example, "Say something." "She found the cat." | (record [sth] in a journal) | 用日志记录
|
| | 将…记入日志
|
judgment, also UK: judgement nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (ability to judge) | 判断力 pàn duàn lì |
| | 决断力 jué duàn lì |
| Exercise your judgment when dealing with these small infractions. |
| 在处理这些轻微违反案件时锻炼你的判断力。 |
judgment, also UK: judgement nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (opinion, assessment) | 判断 pàn duàn |
| | 评判 píng pàn |
| What, in your judgment, should be done about the deficit? |
| 依你判断,该如何应对赤字? |
judgment, also UK: judgement nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (law: judge's decision) (司法) | 判决,审判结果
|
| The judgment brought applause in the courtroom. |
| 判决一出,法庭中掌声雷动。 |
judgment day, also UK: Judgement Day nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (God's final judgement) | 最后审判日 zuì hòu shěn pàn rì |
| | 世界末日 shì jiè mò rì |
| On Judgement Day, God will divide the sinners from the righteous. |
judgment day, also UK: Judgement Day nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | figurative (when [sth] decisive will happen) (美式拼法) | 有决定性意义的日子 yǒu jué dìng xìng yì yì de rì zi |
judgmental (US), judgemental (UK) adjadjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house." | (person: moralizing) (人) | 下判断的,做出批判的,进行道德裁判的
|
| I don't tell her anything because she seems so judgmental. |
judgmental (US), judgemental (UK) adjadjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house." | (relating to judgment) | 判定的 pàn dìng de |
| | 判断的 pàn duàn de |
| His response to the question was analytical, not judgmental. |
jumper (US), pinafore dress (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (pinafore dress) | 背带裙
|
| Kate hated jumpers as a child, but her mother always bought them for her. |
| 凯特童年时很讨厌背带裙,可她妈妈却总给她买背带裙。 |
jumper cables (US), jump leads (UK) nplplural noun: Noun always used in plural form--for example, "jeans," "scissors." | (jump leads for starting a vehicle) | 跳线 tiào xiàn |
| | 跨接引线 kuà jiē yǐn xiàn |
| Every motorist should have jumper cables and flares in their auto emergency kit. |
junk jewelry (US), junk jewellery (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (fake jewelry) | 廉价首饰 lián jià shǒu shì |
| Belinda started making junk jewellery out of plastic and wire. |
kabob (US), shish kabob (US), kebab (UK), shish kebab nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (meat on skewers) | 烤肉串 kǎo ròu chuàn |
kabob (US), kebab (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (meat in pita bread) (夹在圆面饼里的) | 烤肉 kǎo ròu |
kerosene (US), paraffin (UK), paraffin oil nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (lamp oil) (照明用的) | 煤油 méi yóu |
| Antique lamps run on kerosene. |
kick about, UK: kick around vi phrasalphrasal verb, intransitive: Verb with adverb(s) or preposition(s), having special meaning and not taking direct object--for example, "make up" [=reconcile]: "After they fought, they made up." | (be unused, be neglected) | 没有提供翻译
|
kick about, UK: kick around vi phrasalphrasal verb, intransitive: Verb with adverb(s) or preposition(s), having special meaning and not taking direct object--for example, "make up" [=reconcile]: "After they fought, they made up." | (wander, roam) | 闲逛,漫步,游荡
|
kickoff (US), kick-off (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (soccer, football: first kick) (足球比赛) | 开球 kāi qiú |
kickoff (US), kick-off (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (American football: first play) (橄榄球) | 开球 kāi qiú |
| At the kickoff, the home team took control of the field. |
kickoff (US), kick-off (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | figurative, informal (start, beginning) (非正式用法) | (集会、比赛等)开始 jí huì bǐ sài děng kāi shǐ |
| Tonight is the campaign kickoff. |
kiloliter (US), kilolitre (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (unit of volume: 1000 litres) (美式拼法,容量单位) | 千升 qiān shēng |
kilometer per hour, (US), kilometre per hour (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | usually plural (speed) | 每小时公里数
|
kindhearted (US), kind-hearted (UK) adjadjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house." | (generous, compassionate) | 心肠好的 xīn cháng hǎo de |
| | 心地善良的 xīn dì shàn liáng de |
kiwi, also UK: kiwi fruit nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (fruit with fuzzy skin) | 猕猴桃 mí hóu táo |
| (香港、台湾、新加坡) | 奇异果 qí yì guǒ |
| The fruit salad had kiwis, mangoes, and cherries in it. |
knee-jerk reaction, also UK: kneejerk reaction nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (unthinking response) | 本能反应 běn néng fǎn yìng |
| | 下意识的反应
|
| I admit my response was a knee-jerk reaction; when I thought about it later I wished I'd never said it. |
knight in shining armor (US), knight in shining armour (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | figurative (chivalrous man) | 骑士般对女士彬彬有礼的男子
|
| | 救美英雄
|
knockoff (US), knock-off (UK) adjadjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house." | slang (counterfeit) | 仿制的 fǎng zhì de |
| | 冒牌的 mào pái de |
knockoff (US), knock-off (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | slang (bootleg copy) | 仿制品 fǎng zhì pǐn |
| | 山寨品
|
| It's not a real designer purse; it's only a cheap knockoff. |
know-it-all, also UK: know-all nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | pejorative, informal (person: clever, arrogant) | 自以为是的人 zì yǐ wéi shì de rén |
| | 自以为无所不知的人
|
| That kid who got 100 percent in science and math is such a know it all! |
labeled (US), labelled (UK) adjadjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house." | (having an explanatory note) | 有标注的
|
| | 有注解的
|
labeled (US), labelled (UK) adjadjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house." | figurative (stereotyped) | 被打上标签的
|
| | 受到成见的
|
labeling (US), labelling (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (use of labels on products) | 加商标
|
| | 贴商标
|
| There are strict regulations about the labeling of foods. |
labeling (US), labelling (UK) n as adjnoun as adjective: Describes another noun--for example, "boat race," "dogfood." | (relating to labels) | 加标签的,贴标签的
|
| | 归类的 guī lèi de |
| | 说明的 shuō míng de |
| | 标注的
|
| This leaflet explains the labelling system used on wine bottles. |
labor (US), labour (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (hard work) (辛勤的) | 劳动,劳作
|
| Only dedicated labor will make this project successful. |
| 只有辛勤劳作才能让这个项目获得成功。 |
labor, UK: labour nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | US (childbirth) | 分娩 fēn miǎn |
| | 生产 shēng chǎn |
| Megan's labor lasted only two hours before the baby was delivered. |
labor (US), labour (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | uncountable (workers) (总称) | 工人,劳工,劳动力
|
| The factory will need to hire more labor to fill these orders. |
| 工厂需要雇佣更多工人,才能完成这些订单。 |
labor, UK: labour viintransitive verb: Verb not taking a direct object--for example, "She jokes." "He has arrived." | US (do hard work) | 努力地干 nǔ lì de gàn |
| | 辛勤劳作 xīn qín láo zuò |
| Medieval peasants spent their whole lives laboring. |
labor (US), labour (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (work) | 劳动 láo dòng |
| | 工作 gōng zuò |
| This project represents several days' labour. |
| 这个项目需要几天的工作量。 |
labor to do [sth] (US), labour to do [sth] (UK) v exprverbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end." | (work to achieve [sth]) | 努力工作以实现
|
| | 努力做到
|
| All the translators labor to make the dictionary as good as possible. |
| 所有翻译一同努力,让字典尽量最好。 |
labor against [sth] (US), labour against [sth] (UK) vi + prep | (work to prevent) | 努力防止
|
| We must continue to labor against this discrimination. |
labor camp, UK: labour camp nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | US (enforced work camp) | 劳改所 láo gǎi suǒ |
| The government sent Maisky to a labour camp in Siberia. |
labor contract (US), labour contract (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (employment agreement) | 劳动合同 láo dòng hé tóng |
| The teachers are hoping to negotiate a more equitable labor contract this year. |
labor costs (US), labour costs (UK) nplplural noun: Noun always used in plural form--for example, "jeans," "scissors." | (cost of paying workers) | 人工成本,劳动力成本
|
| The company tried to reduce labor costs by employing unskilled staff. |
labor force, UK: labour force nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | US (workforce: employable people) (美式拼写) | 劳动力 láo dòng lì |
| The size of the labor force increases when school closes for the summer. |
labor intensive, labor-intensive (US), labour intensive, labour-intensive (UK) adjadjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house." | (involving hard work) | 工作非常辛劳的
|
备注: A hyphen is used when the adjective precedes the noun |
labor intensive, labor-intensive (US), labour intensive, labour-intensive (UK) adjadjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house." | (involving much work) | 劳动密集型的
|
labor law (US), labour law (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (law: to protect workers) | 劳动法
|
labor market (US), labour market (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (available employees) | 劳务市场
|
| | 劳动力市场
|
labor pains (US), labour pains (UK) nplplural noun: Noun always used in plural form--for example, "jeans," "scissors." | (childbirth: contractions) | 分娩的阵痛 fēn miǎn de zhèn tòng |
| Rosemary suffered severe labour pains as she was giving birth. |
labor relations (US), labour relations (UK) nplplural noun: Noun always used in plural form--for example, "jeans," "scissors." | (worker-employer relationship) | 劳资关系 láo zī guān xì |
| Labor relations are difficult if workers can be fired at any time for cause, or for no reason at all. |
labor the point (US), labour the point (UK) v exprverbal expression: Phrase with special meaning functioning as verb--for example, "put their heads together," "come to an end." | figurative (belabor) | 过分详尽地阐述
|
| | 过分多说
|
| The lawyer labored the point excessively. |
labor under [sth] (US), labour under [sth] (UK) vi + prep | used in expressions (mistakenly believe) | 被…所蒙蔽 bèi … suǒ méng bì |
备注: Commonly followed by: the illusion, the misapprehension, a mistaken belief, etc. |
| The company is labouring under the illusion that it can take shortcuts to get the results it wants. |
labor union (US), labour union (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (trade union, syndicate) | 工会 gōng huì |
| The labor unions were created to protect workers from unfair working conditions. |
labored (US), laboured (UK) adjadjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house." | (effortful) (美式拼法) | 吃力的,费劲的
|
| The journalist wrote in a labored style, making his articles sound unnatural. |
labored (US), laboured (UK) adjadjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house." | (long-winded) | (文章)冗长罗嗦的 wén zhāng rǒng cháng luō suo de |
labored breathing (US), laboured breathing (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (heavy or difficult respiration) | 呼吸缓慢困难 hū xī huǎn màn kùn nán |
| The baby's labored breathing really alarmed us and we called the doctor immediately. |
laborer (US), labourer (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (manual worker) (尤指体力劳动者) | 劳动者,工人
|
| Ted works as a laborer in the field and spends all day in the sun. |
laborsaving, labor-saving (US), labour-saving (UK) adjadjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house." | (designed to make a job easier) | 节省劳力的 jié shěng láo lì de |
| | 省力气的 shěng lì qì de |
| | 省工的 shěng gōng de |
lackluster (US), lacklustre (UK) adjadjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house." | (dull, lacking shine) | 无光泽的 wú guāng zé de |
| | 暗淡的 àn dàn de |
| This poor quality diamond has a lackluster surface. |
lackluster (US), lacklustre (UK) adjadjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house." | figurative (dull, lacking liveliness) | 无生气的 wú shēng qì de |
| | 死气沉沉的 sǐ qì chén chén de |
| The actor was criticized for his lackluster performance. |
lamppost, also UK: lamp-post nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (post of a street lamp) | 路灯灯杆 lù dēng dēng gān |
| | 街灯柱 jiē dēng zhù |
| The street was lined with trees and lampposts. |
landslide (US), landslip (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (slippage of earth) | 山崩,土崩,塌陷
|
| | 塌方,坍塌
|
| Heavy rains have caused landslides throughout the area. |
| 暴雨在整个地区都造成了塌方。 |
lap of honor (US), lap of honour (UK) nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (sport: winner's extra lap) | 光荣的一圈
|
备注: 胜利者绕场一圈以示庆祝 |
| The winning racer took a lap of honour around the track while the crowd cheered. |
the Last Judgment, also UK: the Last Judgement nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (Bible: end of the world) (《圣经》) | 最后的审判,末日审判
|
lean toward [sth/sb], also UK: lean towards [sth/sb] vi + prep | (incline body in the direction of) (本义) | 将身子倾向…的方向 jiāng shēn zi qīng xiàng de fāng xiàng |
| My grandmother often leans toward me in order to hear every word that I say. |
learned, also UK: learnt adjadjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house." | (that has been learned) | 学到的 xué dào de |
| | 习得的 xí dé de |
| The robot was starting to display learned behavior. |
| 机器人开始展示出习得行为。 |
learner-centered (US), learner-centred (UK) adjadjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house." | (focused on students) | 以学生为中心的
|
| | 以学员为本的
|
left of center, left-of-center (US), left of centre, left-of-centre (UK) adjadjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house." | figurative (offbeat, original) | 没有提供翻译
|
备注: Hyphens are used when the adjective precedes the noun. |
left of center, left-of-center (US), left of centre, left-of-centre (UK) adjadjective: Describes a noun or pronoun--for example, "a tall girl," "an interesting book," "a big house." | figurative (moderately left wing) (政治立场) | 中间偏左的 zhōng jiān piān zuǒ de |
| We now have a left-of-center government, but it's still nothing like socialist. |
legal authorization, also UK: legal authorisation nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (official permission) | 法律授权 fǎ lǜ shòu quán |
| James had to obtain legal authorisation from the council to hold a rave party in his garden. |
legalization, also UK: legalisation nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (act of making legal) | 合法化 hé fǎ huà |
| The legalization of marijuana is a controversial topic in the United States. |
legalize [sth], also UK: legalise [sth]⇒ vtrtransitive verb: Verb taking a direct object--for example, "Say something." "She found the cat." | (make [sth] legal) | 使合法化 shǐ hé fǎ huà |
| | 使得到法律认可 shǐ dé dào fǎ lǜ rèn kě |
| Many Americans do not want to legalize drugs. |
legitimization, also UK: legitimisation nnoun: Refers to person, place, thing, quality, etc. | (act of making [sth] legitimate) | 合法化,法治化
|
| | 正当化
|