| 单词 | 高尚 |
| 释义 | 〔elevated〕Morally or intellectually superior.高尚的：道德上或智力上高出于〔Platonic〕Plato did not invent the term or the concept that bears his name,but he did see sexual desire as the germ for higher loves.Marsilio Ficino, a Renaissance follower of Plato,used the termsamor socraticus and amor platonicus interchangeably for a love between two human beings that was preparatory for the love of God. From Ficino's usagePlatonic (already present in English as an adjective to describe what related to Platoand first recorded in 1533) came to be used for a spiritual love between persons of opposite sexes.In our own centuryPlatonic has been used of relationships between members of the same sex. Though the concept is an elevated one,the term has perhaps more often been applied in waysthat led Samuel Richardson to have one of his characters inPamela say, "I am convinced, and always was, that Platonic love is Platonic nonsense.”柏拉图并没有发明带有他名字的术语或概念，但他的确将性欲看作更高层次爱的根源。文艺复兴时期柏拉图的信徒马尔西利奥·菲奇诺，交替地使用术语amor socraticus 和 amor platonicus 表示为上帝之爱准备的两个人之间的爱。 按照菲奇诺的用法Platonic （已作为一个形容词在英语中出现， 描述与柏拉图有关的事物，首次记录于1533年）逐渐被用来指异性之间的精神恋爱。在我们这个世纪,Platonic 已用于指同性伙伴之间的关系。 尽管这个词的概念是高尚的，但这个术语可能被更多地应用于一些方式，其导致塞缪尔·理查森让他的小说帕美勒 中的人物说： “我确信，而且一直确信，柏拉图式的恋爱是柏拉图的胡言乱语”〔rapture〕The state of being transported by a lofty emotion; ecstasy.喜悦：被某种高尚情感打动后所处的状态；狂喜〔gallantry〕Nobility of spirit or action; courage.勇敢：精神或行动上的高尚；勇气〔generosity〕Nobility of thought or behavior; magnanimity.崇高：思想或行为的崇高；高尚〔boundary〕"that long [Canadian] frontier from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans, guarded only by neighborly respect and honorable obligations" (Winston S. Churchill). “那条 自大西洋至太平洋的长边界线， 仅出于邻国的尊敬和高尚义务守护着” （温斯顿·S·丘吉尔）。〔ideal〕An honorable or worthy principle or aim.高尚的、有价值的原则或目标〔underside〕The side that is less desirable, reputable, or noble than the obverse:阴暗面：较之反面令人更不想要的、声望较差的或不够高尚的一面：〔Longinus〕Greek philosopher. The volume of literary criticismOn The Sublime is attributed to him. 朗吉弩斯，迪奥尼西·卡修斯：() 希腊哲学家。文学批评著作《高尚论》 被认为是他的作品 〔surly〕The fact that the wordsurly means "churlish" nicely indicates its fall in status. Churlish derives from the word churl, which in its Old English form ceorl meant "a man without rank, a member of the lowest rank of freemen,” as well as "peasant" in general. In Old Englishceorl may have been a term of contempt; it certainly became one in Middle English,wherecherl meant "base fellow, boor,” with churlish descending in meaning accordingly. Surly, on the other hand, started its life at the top of the scale but fell just as far. Looking at instances of this word in Middle English and Early Modern English,we see thatsurly was only one spelling for this word, another spelling beingsirly, which makes it clear that it came from the word sir, the term of honor for a knight or for a person of rank or importance in general. Thussirly, the form under which the early spellings of the word are entered in the Oxford English Dictionary, first meant "lordly.” Surly, entered as a separate word in the OED and first recorded in 1566, meant perhaps "lordly, majestic,” in its earliest use,subsequently being used in the sense "masterful, imperious, arrogant.” As the gloss "arrogant" makes clear, the wordsirly could have a negative sense, and it is this area of meaning that is responsible for the current "churlish" sense of the word.surly 意为“粗野的”事实生动地说明了这个词的地位下降。 Churlish 是 churl 的派生词，其古英文形式 ceorl 的意思是“没有爵位的男人，或者是自由民中最低等级的男人”，大概象“农民”一样。 古英语中ceorl 可能含有贬意； 中古英语中肯定是贬意，其cherl 的意思是“卑贱的人，粗野的人”，相应地 churlish 的意思也下降了。 另一方面，Surly 开始是个高尚的字，后来地位同样下降。 从中古英语和早期现代英语中的实例，我们可以看到，surly 的拼法只有一个， 另一个是sirly ，它清楚地表明这个字来自 sir （给于骑士或有等级或有身份的人的尊称）。 因此，sirly 这个字的最初形式记载在 牛津英语词典 中，开始的意思为（有威严的，高傲的）。 Surly 作为另一个字最初于1566年记录在 OED 中， 最初的意思是“老爷的、尊贵的”，以后的意思为“老爷般的、命令式的、傲慢的”。“傲慢”这个字条清楚地说明sirly 可能有过否定的意思， 也正是在这层意义上，它和目前“粗野的”意义有关〔generous〕Characterized by nobility and forbearance in thought or behavior; magnanimous.高尚的：在思想或行为上以高贵和克制为特征的；宽宏大量的〔noble〕Proceeding from or indicative of such a character; showing magnanimity:表现出崇高的：来自或表示出这种性质的；表现出高尚的：〔burlesque〕A literary or dramatic work that makes a subject appear ridiculous by treating it in an incongruous way, as by presenting a lofty subject with vulgarity or an inconsequential one with mock dignity.See Synonyms at caricature 讽刺作品，滑稽戏剧：以一种不和谐的方式看待事物，使其显得滑稽可笑的文学或戏剧作品，比如用丑陋来表达高尚的主题或者给一个微不足道的人以虚假的高位显爵 参见 caricature〔civilized〕Marked by refinement in taste and manners; cultured; polished.高尚的，有教养的：品味和举止优雅的；有文化的；有修养的〔empyreal〕Elevated; sublime.高尚的；崇高的〔elevation〕Loftiness of thought or feeling.高尚，崇高：崇高的思想或情操〔devote〕These verbs are compared as they mean "to give to a particular end and especially to a higher purpose.”这些动词在表示“奉献给某个特别的目的，尤指高尚的目标的意思”时是可比的。〔solitude〕"an elegant sufficiency, content,/Retirement, rural quiet, friendship, books" (James Thomson). “一种优雅高尚的充足、满意/退隐、乡村宁静、友谊、书籍” （詹姆士·汤姆逊）〔nice〕Of good character and reputation; respectable.高尚的，正派的：有好性格或声誉的；可尊敬的〔gentilesse〕from gentil [noble] * see gentle 源自 gentil [高尚的] * 参见 gentle〔high〕Lofty or exalted in quality or character:高尚的，高贵的：在品质或性格方面崇高的或高尚的：〔heritage〕the tradition of noblesse oblige. 贵族行为理应高尚的传统。 〔Te〕In Confucianism, the virtuous moral strength embodied in wise people, upon which they rely in times of distress.德：在儒家中，智者身上体现的高尚的道德力量，智者在困难时期依赖这一力量〔calm〕 Serene denotes a lofty, even spiritual repose: Serene 表明一种高超的、甚至是高尚的镇静： 〔hero〕A person noted for feats of courage or nobility of purpose, especially one who has risked or sacrificed his or her life:英雄：因勇敢的业绩或高尚的意图而闻名的人，尤指曾冒生命的危险或牺牲生命的人：〔intention〕honorable intentions.高尚的求婚意图〔chevalier〕A chivalrous man.骑士般的人：具有骑士高尚品质的人〔moral〕"The life of the nation is secure only while the nation is honest, truthful, and virtuous" (Frederick Douglass).“只有当国人都诚实、正直且高尚的时候，国家生活才能得以保证” （佛雷德瑞克·道格拉斯）。〔Aryan〕From Sanskrit ārya- [noble, Aryan] 源自 梵文 ārya- [高尚的，印欧语系语言的] 〔rarefied〕Elevated in character or style; lofty.高尚的：特点或风格高雅的；崇高的〔gaffe〕"The excursion had in his eyes been a monstrous gaffe, a breach of sensibility and good taste"(Mary McCarthy)“那次谈话中的离题在他看来太出丑了，简直就是失去理智后的胡言乱语，毫无高尚趣味可言”(玛丽·麦卡锡)〔elevated〕an elevated prose style.高尚的散文风格〔Douglas〕American clergyman and writer whose novels includeMagnificent Obsession (1929) and The Robe (1942). 道格拉斯，劳埃德·卡塞尔：(1877-1951) 美国教士和作家，小说有《高尚的沉迷》 （1929年）及 《长袍》 （1942年） 〔generous〕French genereux [of noble birth, magnanimous] 法语 genereux [出身高贵的，高尚的] 〔sublime〕Characterized by nobility; majestic.崇高的：高尚的；令人崇敬的〔noble〕Having or showing qualities of high moral character, such as courage, generosity, or honor:高尚的，崇高的：有或表现出极高的道德品质的，如勇敢、大度或人格：〔gent〕Middle English [noble, excellent] 中古英语 [高尚的，杰出的] 〔moral〕 Virtuous implies moral excellence and loftiness of character;in a narrower sense it refers to sexual chastity: Virtuous 暗示高尚的道德和高贵的品质，狭义指节制性欲的： 〔Herr〕alteration of hēriro [older, more venerable] [comparative of] hēr [proud, holy, splendid, noble] hēriro的变化 [年长的，更令人尊敬的] hēr的比较级 [骄傲的，神圣的，辉煌的、高尚的] 〔noble〕"What poor an instrument/May do a noble deed!”(Shakespeare)“如此差的器具/可能做出高尚的事”(莎士比亚) |
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