| 单词 | 高卢人 |
| 释义 | 〔Celt〕One of an Indo-European people originally of central Europe and spreading to western Europe, the British Isles, and southeast to Galatia during pre-Roman times, especially a Briton or Gaul.凯尔特人：印欧民族的一支，最初分布在中欧，在前罗马帝国时期遍及欧洲西部、不列颠群岛和加拉提亚东南部。尤指不列颠人或高卢人〔marshal〕Hard-riding marshals of the Wild West in pursuit of criminalsreemphasize the relationship of the wordmarshal with horses. The Germanic ancestor of our wordmarshal is a compound made up of .marhaz, "horse" (related to the source of our word mare ), and .skalkaz, "servant,” meaning as a whole literally "horse servant,”hence "groom.”The Frankish descendant of this Germanic word,.marahskalk, starting from these humble beginnings, came to designate a high royal official and also a high military commander, not surprisingly so, given the importance of the horse in medieval warfare.The word passed into the period (beginning in 800) in which we speak of Old French, after the Franks and their Germanic language had been fused with the surrounding culture descended from Roman Gaul.When the Normans established a French-speaking official class in England,the Old French word came with them.The Middle English source of our word is first recorded as a surname in 1218 (and the surname Marshal, now spelled Marshall, has been held by some famous people),but it is first recorded as a common noun with the sense "high officer of the royal court" in the first English language proclamation (1258) by an English king, Henry III, after the Norman Conquest.Marshal was applied to this high royal official's deputies, who were officers of courts of law,and the word continued to designate various officials involved with courts of law and law enforcement,including the horseback-riding marshals we are familiar with in the United States.西部荒野骑着马对罪犯紧追不舍的警长形象，再次强调了marshal 这个词与马之间的联系。 我们这个单词marshal 的日耳曼语原形是一个由 marhaz “马”（与 mare 的语源相关）和 skalkaz “仆人，佣人”组成的合成词， 字面意思是“马的仆人”，也就是后来的“马夫”。这个日耳曼词的法兰克语的演变marahskalk 从最初卑微的含义演变到特指高级王室官员及高级军事将领， 不仅如此，在中世纪的战场上马也被提升到了重要地位。在法兰克人和他们所说的日耳曼语一起融入周围的罗马高卢人文化之后，这个词进入了我们讲古法语的时代（开始于800年）。当诺曼底人在英格兰建立了一个讲法语的官员阶层之后，古法语里的这个词便随之而来。该词在中世纪英语中最早于1218年作为一个姓氏被记录下来（一些著名人士的姓马歇尔，现在的拼写法为Marshall)，但作为指“王室的高级官员”的普通名词，它最早出现于英国王亨利三世在诺曼征服之后做的一篇英文公告(1258年）。在此文中Marshal 用于指高级王室官员的代表， 也就是司法官员。该词涉及法律和法律实施的不同官员的含义延续了下来，其中就包括我们所熟悉的美国西部骑在马背上的警长〔Stilicho〕Roman general who defended the Western Empire from the invading Goths and Vandals.斯底里科，弗莱维厄斯：(365?-408) 罗马将军，保卫过西罗马帝国不受高卢人和汪达尔人的入侵〔Bergamo〕A city of northern Italy in the foothills of the Alps northeast of Milan. Originally a Gallic settlement, it later became a Lombard duchy. Population, 121,846.贝加莫：意大利北部一城市，位于米兰市东北部的阿尔卑斯山脚下。原为一高卢人村落，后为伦巴第公爵领地。人口121,846〔Gaul〕A Celt of ancient Gaul.高卢人：古代高卢的克尔特人〔torque〕A collar, a necklace, or an armband made of a strip of twisted metal, worn by the ancient Gauls, Germans, and Britons.金属饰环：由一串弯曲的金属制成的项圈，项链或手环，古代高卢人，日尔曼人和不列颠人戴这种手饰〔Poitiers〕A city of west-central France east-southeast of Nantes. Settled by a Gallic people, it was an early Christian center with important monasteries. Nearby, Edward the Black Prince defeated and captured John II of France on September 19, 1356. Population, 79,350.波瓦第尔：法国中西部一城市，位于南特的东南偏东。由高卢人建立，是一个拥有重要修道院的早期基督教中心。在该城附近，“黑太子”爱德华于1356年9月19日击败并俘虏了法国的约翰二世。人口79,350〔caricature〕The history of the wordcaricature takes us back through the centuries to a time when the Romans occupied Gaul, offering the blessings of civilization to the Gaulsbut also borrowing from them as well.One such borrowing, the Gaulish word.karros, meaning "a wagon or cart,” became Latincarrus, "a Gallic type of wagon.” This Latin word has continued to roll through the English language,giving uscar, career, cargo, carry, and charge, among others. Caricature, another offspring of carrus, came to us via French from Italian,in whichcaricatura, the source of the French word, was derived from Italian caricare, "to load, burden, or exaggerate.” Caricare in turn came from Late Latin carricāre, "to load,” derived from the Romans' Gaulish borrowingcarrus. Caricature 一词的历史可上溯到很多世纪以前当古罗马人占领高卢的时候。 古罗马人给高卢人带去文明开化的好处，同时也从高卢人那里有所借鉴。其中一个借用语，即意为“运货马车或畜拉车”的高卢语词karros ， 演变成拉丁语carrus ，意为“一种高卢式运货马车”。 这一拉丁词语在英语中继续发展，使我们得到了car，career，cargo，carry 和 charge 等诸多词汇。 Caricature 是 carrus 的另一产物， 从意大利语经法语而演变过来的。演变过程中，做为法语词源的caricatura 是从意大利语，即意为“装货，使负重荷或夸张”的 caricare 衍生而来。 反过来，Caricare 源自后期拉丁语 carricare ，意为“装货”， 而它又衍生自古罗马人从高卢语中借来的carrus 〔Lombardy〕A region of northern Italy bordering on Switzerland. First inhabited by a Gallic people, it became the center of the kingdom of the Lombards in the sixth centurya.d. and part of Charlemagne's empire in 774. The Lombard League of cities defeated Emperor Frederick I in 1176. 伦巴底：意大利北部的一个地区，与瑞士接壤。最早的居民是高卢人。公元 6世纪成为伦巴底人所建王国的中心，774年成为夏尔马聂帝国的一部分。1176年伦巴底城市联盟击败了弗雷德里克一世皇帝 〔Angoumois〕A historical region and former province of western France in the Charente River valley. Occupied by Gallic peoples in pre-Roman times, it later was part of Aquitaine, was briefly ceded to England (1360-1373), and became a French duchy in 1515.安古木瓦：法国历史上的一个地区，先前是法国西部沙兰特河谷上的一个省。罗马时代之前被高卢人占据，后来成为亚奎丹的一部分，曾被短期割让给英国(1360-1373年），1515年成为法国的公爵领地 |
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