| 单词 | 雇佣兵 |
| 释义 | 〔Sforza〕Family of Milanese political leaders, includingFrancesco (1401-1466), a captain of mercenaries who declared himself duke of Milan (1450). His son Ludovico (1451?-1508) was duke of Milan (1481-1499) and a patron of Leonardo da Vinci. 斯佛萨：米兰政治领袖家族，其中有弗朗西斯科 (1401-1466年），他是雇佣兵首领并声称自己是米兰公爵(1450年）。他的儿子 卢多维克 (1451?-1508年）是米兰公爵(1481-1499年）且是雷翁那多·达·芬奇的资助人 〔Hessian〕A German mercenary in the British army in America during the Revolutionary War.黑森雇佣兵：在美国革命战争时期，在美国的英国军队中的德国雇佣兵〔soldier〕Why do soldiers fight?One answer is hidden away in the wordsoldier itself. Its first recorded occurrence is found in a work composed around 1300,the word having come into Middle English (assoudier ) from Old French soudoior and Anglo-Norman soudeour. The Old French word,first recorded in the 12th century,is derived fromsol or soud, Old French forms of Modern French sou. There is no longer a French coin namedsou, but the meaning of the wordsou alerts us to the fact that money is involved. Indeed, Old Frenchsol referred to a coin and also meant "pay,”and asoudoior was a man who fought for pay. This was a concept worth expressing in an era when many men were not paid for fighting but did it in service to a feudal superior.Thussoldier is parallel to the word mercenary, which goes back to Latinmercēnnārius, derived frommerces, "pay,” and meaning "working for pay.”The word could also be used as a noun,one of whose senses was "a soldier of fortune.”士兵们为什么而打仗?其中一个答案就隐藏在soldier 这个单词里面。 在大约1300年的一本著作中发现了这个词的最早记载。这个词由古法语的soudoior 和盎格鲁诺曼底语中的 soudeour 进入中古英语（形式为 soudier )。 古法语中的这个单词，最早记录于12世纪，是由sol 或 soud ，现代法语单词 sou 的古法语形式衍变而来的。 已经没有叫做sou 的法国硬币了， 但是单词sou 的意思使我们意识到这和钱有关。 实际上，古法语中的sol 指的是一枚硬币， 也意味着“报酬”，而soudoior 是一个为了报酬而打仗的人。 在许多人打仗并没有得到报酬而是给封建王服役的时代里，这种概念是值得表达出来的。这样，士兵(soldier) 类似于 雇佣兵(mercenary) ， 可以追溯到拉丁文mercennarius ， 由merces “报酬”衍变而来， 意思是“为报酬而工作”。这个词也能当名词使用，其中的一个意思是“雇佣兵”〔soldier〕Middle English soudier [mercenary] 中古英语 soudier [雇佣兵] 〔galloglass〕An armed retainer or mercenary in the service of an Irish chieftain.武装随员：服务于爱尔兰首领的用武器装备的雇员或雇佣兵〔mercenary〕Middle English mercenarie [a mercenary] 中古英语 mercenarie [ 雇佣兵] 〔Trenton〕The capital of New Jersey, in the west-central part of the state on the Delaware River northeast of Philadelphia. Settled c. 1679 by Quakers, it was the site of a pivotal battle in the American Revolution in which George Washington's troops captured a Hessian encampment in a surprise attack (December 26, 1776). Population, 88,675.塔伦顿：美国新泽西州的首府，位于该州中西部的特拉华河沿岸，费城的东北方。在1679年左右由贵格教徒建立，美国独立战争期间一场关键性的战斗在此进行，乔治·华盛顿的部队在一次突然袭击中攻占了一个黑人雇佣兵的营地（1776年12月26日）。人口88,675〔mercenary〕A professional soldier hired for service in a foreign army.雇佣兵：被外国军队雇佣来服役的职业军人 |
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