| 单词 | 进步 |
| 释义 | 〔severe〕Ascetic suggests self-discipline and self-denial and often renunciation of worldly pleasures for spiritual improvement: Ascetic 指自我约束和自我克制并且通常为达到精神进步而放弃世俗享乐： 〔upgrade〕Improving or progressing.改善的，进步的〔advance〕A forward move, as toward an objective; progress:进展：向目标所做的前移；进步：〔obstacle〕All of these nouns refer to something that prevents action or slows progress.所有这些名词都指阻止行动或延缓进步的事物，〔support〕"There is only one proved method of assisting the advancement of pure science—that of picking men of genius,backing them heavily,and leaving them to direct themselves" (James B. Conant).“促进纯科学的进步并已得到证明的方法只有一个——那就是选出有天才之士，强有力地支持他们，并让他们自己管理自己” （詹姆斯B·科南）。〔punish〕Chastise implies punishment, such as corporal punishment or a verbal rebuke, as a means of effecting improvement in behavior: Chastise 表示作为使行为进步的一种方式的惩罚，如体罚或口头上的责备等： 〔march〕Technology is on the march.科学技术在进步〔gain〕The country made social and political gains under the new government.在新一届政府任职期间，这个国家在社会和政治方面都取得了进步〔progressive〕Moving forward; advancing.进步的：向前进的，向前的〔stride〕making great strides in their studies.在学习上取得很大的进步〔ooze〕To progress slowly but steadily:慢而稳地进步：〔speed〕Quicken and especiallyaccelerate refer to increase in rate of activity, growth, or progress: Quicken ，特别是accelerate 是指增加活动、成长或进步的速度： 〔Abbott〕American Congregational cleric, writer, and editor who sought progressive Christian solutions to social problems.艾博特，吕曼：(1835-1922) 美国天主教徒、作家和编辑，他曾寻求进步的基督教方法以解决社会问题〔stride〕A step of progress; an advance. Often used in the plural:进步：进步；进展。常用复数：〔hobble〕To hamper the action or progress of; impede.See Synonyms at hamper 1牵制…的行动或进步；阻碍 参见 hamper1〔obscurant〕One who opposes intellectual advancement and political reform.灭亡、蒙昧主义者：反对用智慧获得进步和政治变革的人〔unstopped〕an era of unstopped progress in medicine.医学上顺利进步的一个时期〔graduate〕To advance to a new level of skill, achievement, or activity:进步：发展到技术，成就或活动的新高度：〔boost〕To assist in further development or progress:刺激增长：辅助长远的发展和进步：〔progressive〕Of or relating to progressive education:进步的：属于进步的教育的，或与之有关的：〔mug〕Various senses of the termmug illustrate uses and abuses of the human face. One use to which the face was put in the 18th century was as a form of decoration for cups or mugs.It is probably from these grotesque and striking facesthatmug came to mean "face,” the word in this sense being first recorded in 1708.The next recorded development ofmug is its use as a verb in 1818 in the sense "to strike in the face.” This verb has developed the sense "to attack and rob,”all too familiar to urban dwellers.The face's role in conveying emotion explains the development of the verb sense "to make faces, grimace,”recorded first in 1855.Another sense of the noun, "photograph or portrait of the face,”found earliest in 1887,is an obvious development, although it is ironic that those who mug criminally end up in a mug book.The use of the face to express affection explains the sense "to kiss, fondle,”recorded first in Australia in 1890.mug 的各种不同的含义显示了对人脸的使用和滥用。 其中一个用途是在18世纪作为杯子上的装饰图案。也许正是由于这些鬼脸和令人惊讶的脸谱，mug 开始意指“脸”， 该词有此意义最先记录于1708年。此后，另一种有记录mug 的用法作为动词的意思是“打击脸部。” 这个动词以后又发展为“袭击和抢劫”之意，这对城镇居民来说真是太熟悉了。脸在表达感情时所扮演的脸色可以解释该动词的延伸义“做鬼脸，做怪像”，该意思最早记录于1855年。该名词的另一个意思：“脸部的像片或画像”最早见于1887年，虽然具有讽刺意味的是那些抢劫犯最终将被警方拍照存档，但这仍然是一个显而易见的进步。运用脸部来表达情爱意指“吻，抚爱”，此用法最早于1890年在澳大利亚有记载〔progress〕To advance toward a higher or better stage; improve steadily:进步：向更高或更好的阶段前进，稳定地改善：〔conservative〕Conservative Abbr. C.A member or supporter of the Conservative Party in the United Kingdom or the Progressive Conservative Party in Canada. Conservative 缩写 C.保守党党员：英国保守党或加拿大进步保守党的成员或支持者〔work〕To increase one's skill, responsibility, efficiency, or status through work:逐步发展，逐步进步：通过工作提高某人的技巧、责任、效率或地位：〔obstruct〕obstructed my progress.See Synonyms at hinder 1延缓了我的进步 参见 hinder1〔zeal〕Enthusiastic devotion to a cause, an ideal, or a goal and tireless diligence in its furtherance.See Synonyms at passion 热情：为事业、理想、目标倾注的满腔热情和为进步而孜孜不倦地奋斗 参见 passion〔promote〕To contribute to the progress or growth of; further.See Synonyms at advance 促进，推进：有助于…的进步或成长；更进一步 参见 advance〔Fosdick〕American religious leader who maintained that scientific and psychiatric advances should not be considered threatening to religion.福斯迪克，哈里·埃默森：(1878-1969) 美国宗教领袖，主张不应该把科学和精神病学的进步看作是对宗教的威胁〔progressive〕A person who actively favors or strives for progress toward better conditions, as in society or government.进步人士：积极支持或争取朝好的形势进步的人，尤指在社会或政论领域方面〔development〕The central meaning shared by these nouns is "a progression from a simpler or lower to a more advanced, mature, or complex form or stage": 这些名词共有的中心意思是：“从简单或低级到更高级、成熟或复杂的形式或阶段的进步”： 〔agree〕"The creed [upon which America was founded] was widely seen as both progressive and universalistic: It accorded with the future, and it was open to all" (Everett Carll Ladd). “这个信条［美国建立于其上］ 被广泛地认为既是进步的又是普遍的：它与未来相一致，并对一切都公开” （埃弗里特·卡尔·赖德）。〔technological〕Affected by or resulting from scientific and industrial progress.因技术进步而造成的：因科学和工业的进步而影响或造成的〔discipline〕Training expected to produce a specific character or pattern of behavior, especially training that produces moral or mental improvement.训练；修养；磨练：为有某一特定性格或行为方式而进行的训练，尤指为在道德和智力上的进步改善而进行的训练〔promotion〕Encouragement of the progress, growth, or acceptance of something; furtherance.发扬，助长：对某事的进步、成长或接受的鼓励；更进一步〔advance〕or for progress or improvement in a figurative sense. Advancement is used mainly in the figurative sense: 或指比喻意义上的进步或提高。 Advancement 主要用于比喻义： 〔forward〕Being ahead of current economic, political, or technological trends; progressive:前进的，前卫的：领先于当前的经济、政治、技术潮流的；进步的：〔amelioration〕The act or an instance of ameliorating.改善，进步：改善的行为或实例〔George〕American journalist and reformer known for his theories on taxation, contained inProgress and Poverty (1879). 乔治，亨利：(1839-1897) 美国记者和改革家，以其税收理论闻名，作品包括《进步与贫穷》 （1879年） 〔upswing〕An increase, as in movement or business activity.进步，改进，改善：运动或商业活动的进步或兴隆〔apartheid〕Although South Africa has not furnished a great number of words that have achieved general currency in British and American English,one in particular,apartheid, has gained wide circulation. The first recorded use ofapartheid as an English term, in the Cape Times on October 24, 1947, is an ironic commentary on much of the word's use since then: "Mr. Hofmeyr said apartheid could not be reconciled with a policy of progress and prosperity for South Africa.” According to the March 15, 1961, issue of theLondon Times, the wordself-development was supposed to replace apartheid as the official term used by the South African Broadcasting Corporation for "the Government's race policies. ” And inMove Your Shadow, published in 1985, Joseph Lelyveld says that the "word is [now] shunned, even resented by the [National Party's] high priests as if it were an epithet fashioned by the country's enemies.” Butapartheid as a word and as a reality has been slow to disappear. The history ofapartheid, however, offers a possible model for change in this policy, for the word is an example of a mixture and combination of resources, in this case linguistic.Apartheid is an English word that came into South African English from Afrikaans, the language of the Dutch settlers of South Africa. They in turn had made up the word from the Dutch wordapart, "separate,” and the suffix -heid, which corresponds to our suffix -hood. Thusapartheid literally means "separateness.” The Dutch had earlier borrowed the wordapart, as did we, from the French phrase à part, meaning "to one side.” 尽管南非并没有向英国和美国英语里加入很多得以普遍使用的词汇，但尚有一例外，apartheid 这个词就得到了普遍应用。 apartheid 一词作为英语词汇的使用最早记录于1947年10月24日的 开普时报 上，从那时起对该词的使用就作了反讽式的评论： “霍夫梅伊先生说种族隔离制不能与南非进步及繁荣的政策相容。”根据1961年3月15日的一期伦敦时报 ， 南非广播公司试图以self-development 作为官方用语来代替 apartheid 表示“政府的种族政策”。 在1985年出版的移动你的影子 中，约瑟夫·莱莉瓦德说“这个词为高级牧师们所回避甚至痛恨， 似乎它是这个国家的敌人创造出来的修饰语。”但apartheid 作为词汇和作为现实存在消失得很慢。 然而apartheid 的历史为这种政策的变化提供了一个可能的模式， 因为这个词是语言学方面各种来源混合及联合的一个例子。Apartheid 是从南非的荷兰殖民者的语言进入南非英语的一个英语词汇。 依次由荷兰词apart “分隔”，和后缀 -heid （其与后缀 -hood 相对应）构成。 这样，apartheid 可逐字译为“分隔，隔离。” 荷兰人较早地借用了apart 一词，就如我们从法语里借用了意为“到一边”的 a part 一样 |
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