| 单词 | 这次 |
| 释义 | 〔ticket〕The resemblance in form between the wordsticket and etiquette is not accidental. Both words have the same ultimate source, Old Frenchestiquet, but each was borrowed into English at a different time and with a different meaning.Old Frenchestiquet meant "a note, label.” Having been changed in form toetiquet in French, the word was adopted into English in the 16th century (first recorded in 1528)in a form,tiket, without the initiale. The earliest uses of the word in English were in the senses "a short written notice,” "a notice posted in a public place,” and "a written certification.”The word is first recorded with reference to something like a ticket of admission in 1673.In French, meanwhile, the word (in the formetiquette in the 18th century) came to mean "ceremonial"; court ceremonies were noted down or labeled in a book known asl'étiquette. The French word was borrowed again into English, this time in its French form, which is first recorded in 1750.ticket 与 etiquette 这两个词在形式上相似并非偶然。 它们从根本讲都源于古法语中的estiquet 这个词， 但它们被借用到英语中的时间不同且意思也不一样。古法语中的estiquet 的意思是“注解，标签”， 它在法语中变成了etiquet ， 16世纪时它被吸收到了英语中（最早的文字记载是在1528年），形式是tiket, ， 没有了字首的e. 。 这个词在早期英语中的意思是“写得很短的通知”、“贴在公共场所的通告”和“文字证明”。这个词最早的文字记载意为1673年时使用的一种类似入场券的东西。同时在法语中，这个词(18世纪时的形式是etiquette )的意思是“仪式的”； 在一本叫I'etiqutte 的书里被记载为宫廷仪式。 最早的文字记载在1750年，这个法语词再一次被借用于英语，这次使用了它的法语形式〔annihilate〕The naval force was annihilated during the attack.在这次袭击中海军被彻底消灭了〔premiere〕In entertainment contextsthe verbpremiere has by now become the standard way of saying "to introduce to the public,” at least partly because of its ubiquitous use on television.Over the past 20 yearsthis use has won the sometimes grudging acceptance of the Usage Panel.The exampleThe Philharmonic will premiere works by two young Americans was acceptable to 51 percent of the Panelists in the most recent survey, up from 14 percent in 1969.But only 10 percent of the Panelists in the most recent survey accepted extension of the verb to nonentertainment contexts,as in Last fall the school premiered new degree programs in word processing and accounting. 在娱乐场合下，动词premiere 现在已经成为表示“介绍给公众”的标准说法， 这至少在某种程度上是由于它在电视上广泛地使用。在过去的二十年里，这一用法已经赢得了用法专题使用小组的有时勉强的接受。例句交响乐曲将让两个美国年轻人首次出演其作品 在最近的一次调查中已经被51%小组成员接受了， 比1969年的14%有所提高。但在这次调查中只有10%的成员接受将此用法扩展至非娱乐性场合，如去年秋天学校首次推出字处理和会计两门新的学位课程 〔one〕the one person I could marry; the one horse that can win this race.我唯一愿嫁的人；唯一能赢得这次比赛的马〔pocketbook〕The link between the senses "billfold, purse,” and "pocket-sized book" of the wordpocketbook can be clarified with a little historical information. The compound is first recorded in 1617 in the sense of "a small book designed to be carried in a pocket.”It is only recently that such books have looked like the paperbound books we are familiar with;these early paperbacks were bound like any book but were smaller in size.The next recorded use ofpocketbook (1685) is again for a book designed to fit in the pocket but this time used for notes or memoranda.The same word was then applied to a case that was shaped like a bookand in which money or papers could be kept.Finally, the wordpocketbook was transferred to yet another container for keeping things, a purse or handbag,rarely fitting in the pocketand not necessarily shaped like a book.Pocketbook 一词的两种词义“钱夹，手袋”和“口袋大小的书”之间的关联通过一点历史知识予以澄清。 这一复合词在1617年被首次记录为“被设计放在口袋里携带的一本小书”的意思。只是到不久前这种书看上去才象我们所熟悉的纸质封皮的书籍；这些早期的纸皮书装订得除了大尺寸上小点之外与其它书都一样。Pocketbook (1685年）的下一个记录下来的用法又是指设计的以适合口袋大小的书， 但这次它却被用来做笔记或便笺。这一词后来又被用来指定形为本书一样的盒子，并且里面可以存放钱或纸张。最后，pocketbook 这个词又转指另一种存放物品的容纳物， 比如一只手袋或手提包，它很少会放得进口袋，形状也不一定象书。〔spare〕spared no expense for the celebration.这次庆祝活动费用不加以限制〔undecided〕"Will this joint interview make up minds among the vast throng of undecideds?”(William Safire)“这次联合会见是否能让广大犹疑不定的选民作出决定呢?”(威廉·萨菲尔)〔mean〕This remark by no means should be taken lightly.这次讲话绝不能等闲视之〔fundamentalism〕Adherence to the theology of this movement.基要主义：信奉这次运动的主义〔go〕a debate that will go down as a turning point in the campaign.这次争辩将被作为运动的转折点而被后人铭记〔Turner〕American slave leader who organized about 70 followers and led a rebellion in Virginia, during which approximately 50 whites were killed (1831). He was subsequently captured and executed.特纳，纳：(1800-1831) 美国黑奴领袖，曾组织了约70名追随者，领导了在弗吉尼亚州的起义，在这次起义中大约50人被杀(1831年）。他随后被捕并被处决〔go〕The space mission is a go.这次太空任务是十分成功〔leg〕We have a leg up on the competition.我们在这次竞争中享有优势〔descent〕Her career went into a rapid descent after the charges of misconduct.在为这次管理不善承担主要责任后，她的职业生涯开始走上急剧的下坡路〔tip〕a disgruntled gang member who tipped the police to the planned robbery.一个向警方告发的对这次计划好的抢劫有所不满的匪徒成员〔leg〕He doesn't have a leg to stand on in this debate.在这次辩护中，他完全站不住脚〔Trent〕A city of northern Italy northwest of Venice. Probably founded in the fourth centuryb.c. , it was the site of the Council of Trent (1545-1563), which established the foundations of the Counter Reformation. Population, 98,833. 塔兰托：意大利北部一城市，位于威尼斯西北部，可能建于公元前 4世纪，它是塔兰托会议（1545-1563年）的会址，正是这次会议奠定了反宗教改革的基础。人口98,833 〔country〕The whole country will profit from the new economic reforms.全体国民都将从这次新的经济改革中受益〔burden〕The burden of organizing the campaign fell to me.组织这次活动的责任落到了我头上〔gather〕Assembling an able staff was more difficult than raising the funds to finance the venture.召集一个有能力的小组要比筹资支持这次冒险更困难。〔Shays〕American Revolutionary soldier and insurrectionist who with a band of armed men raided a government arsenal in Springfield, Massachusetts, to protest the state legislature's indifference to the economic plight of farmers (1787). The raid, known as Shays's Rebellion, was quashed by militia.谢伊斯，丹尼尔：(1747?-1825) 美国革命战士和起义者，他和一队武装群众袭击了马萨诸塞州的斯普林菲尔德市的一个政府军火库，以抗议政府立法对农民经济困境的漠视(1787年），这次被称作谢伊斯起义的袭击被民团镇压〔gallery〕The trial featured a gallery of famous and flamboyant witnesses.这次审判的特色是有一批声名显赫的证人〔farce〕The election was a farce, for it was fixed.这次选举是一幕闹剧，因为它是预先安排好的〔Aquino〕Philippine political leader. After the assassination of her husband,Benigno S. Aquino, Jr. (1932-1983), on his return to the Philippines from political exile, she ran for president (1986) against 20-year incumbent Ferdinand Marcos. Following the apparently fraudulent election, Marcos fled the country and Aquino became president. 阿基诺，科拉佐·考昂克：(生于 1933) 菲律宾政治领袖。在其丈夫小贝尼尼奥S·阿基诺 (1932-1983年）从政治流放地返回菲律宾的归途中遇刺后，她与在职20年之久的费迪南德·马科斯竞选总统(1986年）。在这次很明显的欺诈选举之后，马科斯逃亡出国而阿基诺成为总统 〔present〕Thirty guests were present at the ceremony.有三十位客人出席这次典礼〔Gettysburg〕A town of southern Pennsylvania east-southeast of Chambersburg. It was the site of a major Union victory in the Civil War (July 1-3, 1863), which checked Robert E. Lee's invasion of the North. The battle and Abraham Lincoln's famous Gettysburg Address (delivered at the dedication of a cemetery here on November 19, 1863) are commemorated by a national park. President Dwight D. Eisenhower's farm, a national historic site, is also in Gettysburg. Population, 7,194.葛底斯堡：宾夕法尼亚南部钱伯斯堡东南偏东的一城镇。是美国内战（1863年7月1日－3日）中一次较重要的联邦军胜利遗址，这次胜利抑制了罗伯特·E·李对北方的入侵。建立了一座国家公园以纪念这次战役和阿伯罕姆·林肯的葛底斯堡演讲（发表于1863年11月19日在此举行的公墓落成典礼的献辞上）。德怀特·D·艾森豪威尔总统的农场，一个具有历史意义的遗址也在葛底斯堡。人口7,194〔make〕The candidate's opponents made hay of the scandal.候选人的竞争对手利用这次丑闻做了手脚〔put〕Let's put this disaster down to experience.让我们把这次灾难归因于经验不足〔begin〕"The exhibition inaugurated a new era of cultural relations between the Soviet Union and United States" (Serge Schmemann). “这次展览开创了美苏两国文化关系的新纪元。” （塞格·施密曼）〔uncounted〕There are uncounted reasons for my declining the invitation.我有无数的理由谢绝这次邀请〔mayonnaise〕possibly from Mahón [captured by Louis François Armand de Vignerot du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu (1696-1788), in 1756 (the duke's chef is said to have introduced mayonnaise in honor of this victory)] 可能源自 Mahón[该市于1756年被黎塞留公爵弗朗索瓦·阿尔芒(1696-1788年）占领。据说（为庆祝这次胜利，公爵的厨师第一次做了蛋黄酱）] 〔sound〕didn't like the sound of the invitation.不喜欢这次邀请所含的弦外之音〔mockery〕The trial was a mockery of justice.这次审判是一次假充公允〔Agincourt〕A village of northern France west-northwest of Arras. On October 25, 1415, Henry V of England decisively defeated a much larger French army here. The victory demonstrated the effectiveness of longbow-equipped troops over heavily armored feudal knights.阿金库尔：法国北部阿拉斯西北偏西的一个村庄。1415年10月25日，英王亨利五世在此村重创兵力远胜于己的法军。这次胜利显示了装备大弓的军队优于穿着厚重盔甲的封建武士〔doll〕The worddoll has come up in the world, at least if up means moving from the backstairs to the nursery. Doll andDolly were originally nicknames for Dorothy. Doll, along with other names likeJill and Nan, took on the generic sense of "a mistress,” so we have Shakespeare's Doll Tearsheet and Ben Jonson's Doll Common.This association probably caused the nameDorothy to go out of use temporarily, about the time near the beginning of the 18th century when we finddoll first recorded for a child's toy. Doll came to refer to larger beings again,however, for in the latter part of the 18th century it was once more applied to women,this time to pretty, empty-headed women. Doll has gone on to more general applications,and a man can be a doll as well.单词doll 的出现就象 up ，表示从后楼梯到育儿室一样。 Doll 或Dolly 起初都是 Dorothy的绰号。 Doll 与Jill 和 Nan 一样有一个通用的意思：“主妇”， 所以我们就有莎士比亚的Doll Tearsheet和班·琼生的Doll Common。这种联系可能使Dorothy 一词在18世纪初暂时废弃， 在18世纪初我们发现把doll 指作儿童玩具的首次记载。 Doll 又进而开始指较大范围的人类，然而，18世纪后期该词更多地用来指妇女，这次是指漂亮而无头脑的女人。 Doll 现在的应用更广了，男人也可以是doll了〔parody〕The trial was a parody of justice.这次审判是对公正的一次拙劣的模拟〔redeem〕You botched the last job but can redeem yourself on this one.你把上次的工作搞糟了， 但可通过这次的工作挽回声誉〔humanly〕Humanly speaking, the recession was not severe.根据人类有过的经历，这次衰退并不严重〔Pinatubo〕A volcano, 1,699 m (5,771 ft) high, of the Philippines, in the west-central part of Luzon Island northwest of Manila. It erupted catastrophically in June 1991 after 600 years of dormancy, killing hundreds of people and burying hundreds of square miles under volcanic ash.宾纳杜部火山：菲律宾的火山，位于马尼拉西北部的吕宋岛中西部，海拔1,699米（5,771英尺）。在休眠600年后于1991年灾难性地喷发，数百人死于这次火山喷发并有数百平方英里的土地被火山灰覆盖〔demand〕I demand a reason for this interruption.我想知道这次中断的原因 |
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