| 单词 | 起来 |
| 释义 | 〔up〕In or to an upright position:起来：处于或朝向一向直立的位置：〔buckle〕My knees buckled with fear.我害怕得双膝都直不起来了〔impound〕a governor who impounded monies designated for the use of cities and towns.把指明用于城镇建设的钱冻结起来的地方官〔lemon〕Tasting or smelling like lemons.柠檬味的：品尝起来或闻起来有柠檬味的〔well〕To rise or surge from an inner source:流出，溢出：从内部升起来或涌出：〔hide〕"The other America, the America of poverty, is hidden today" (Michael Harrington). “另一个美国，贫穷的美国，则被隐藏了起来” （迈克尔·哈灵顿）。 〔Superior〕A city of northwest Wisconsin on Lake Superior opposite Duluth, Minnesota. The city grew after the discovery of iron ore nearby in the 1880's. Population, 27,134.苏必利尔：美国一城市，位于威斯康星州的西北部，临苏必利尔湖，隔湖是明尼苏达的德卢斯。该市在19世纪80年代发现铁矿后发展起来。人口27,134〔paradise〕Perhaps the supreme example of the semantic process known as melioration is the wordparadise. In tracing this word from its origins to its present status,we see an elevation, or melioration, of meaning that raises the word to new heights.The history begins with the Avestan (the eastern dialect of Old Iranian) wordpairi-daēza-, "enclosure,” made up ofpairi, "around,” and daēza-, "wall.” The Greek military leader and historian Xenophon, who served with Greek mercenaries in Persia,first used the Greek wordparadeisos adopted from the Avestan wordto refer to the Persian kings' and nobles' parks or pleasure grounds.This Greek word extended to mean "garden" or "orchard" was an obvious choice for translators of the Bible into Greekto use both for the Garden of Eden and the Abode of the Blessed, or heaven.The Greek word was adopted into Late Latin and was used much as we might expect in its biblical senses in ecclesiastical Latin (Late Latinparadīsus ). The Old English wordparadis taken from Latin is found, but our word probably really established itself in Middle English (first recorded before 1200),derived both from Latin and from Old French, which had adopted the word from Latin.paradise. 这个词也许能作为词义进化最典型的例子， 从它的起源到现在的地位，我们可以看到词义的进化或改进把这个词带到了一个新的高度。这个历史过程从意为“领地，圈地”的阿维斯陀语（古伊朗人西部方言）pairi-daeza-, 开始， 由意为“环形的”pairi, 和意为“墙”的 daeza-, 组成。 曾随希腊雇佣军到波斯服役的希腊军事将领和历史学家色诺芬，首先使用了希腊语词paradeisos, ， 该词采用了阿维斯陀词，指波斯国王和贵族们的花园或游乐场，这个希腊词衍生到表示“花园”或“果园”，显然是译者在把《圣经》翻译成希腊文时所做出的选择，以用来表明伊甸园和天国或天堂，有这两种含义的希腊词被引入后期的拉丁语中且当它们在教会拉丁文（后期拉丁语paradisus )中意为《圣经》方面的意义时被更广泛地使用， 古英语paradis 一词来自拉丁文， 但我们用的这个词可能在中古英语（首次记录在1200年前）中真正确立了起来，人们发现它源于拉丁文和从拉丁文中采纳了这个词的古法语〔education〕The knowledge or skill obtained or developed by a learning process.知识：学习过程中掌握的或发展起来的知识或技巧〔Byzantine〕Of the painting and decorative style developed in the Byzantine Empire, characterized by formality of design, frontal stylized presentation of figures, rich use of color, especially gold, and generally religious subject matter.属于拜占庭风格的：属于拜占庭帝国发展起来的绘画和装饰风格的，主要特征有：在设计上注重形式，其形状多为正面的，大量使用颜料，尤其是金黄色，通常以宗教为主题〔burgeon〕Burgeon has gained greater acceptance in recent years in its use to mean not just "to put forth buds" but more generally "to grow and flourish.” In 1969 only 49 percent of the Usage Panel accepted the phrasethe burgeoning population of Queens ; in our most recent survey 74 percent accepted the same phrase.However, it should be noted that in this useburgeon is more acceptable when it takes the form of the present participle. Only 29 percent of the current Panel accepts the sentence News programs are less expensive to produce than entertainment series, and the public's appetite for them has burgeoned. Burgeon 一词近年来有了更广泛地使用，它不仅用来表示“生长发芽”更普遍地用作“生长并繁茂”。 1969年只有百分之四十九的用法专题使用小组成员承认短语the burgeoning population of Queens（女王时代的人口膨胀） ； 在最近的调查中对同一短语有百分之七十四的人接受。然而，值得注意的是，当burgean 一词在以现在分词形式被使用时，其更能被接受。 仅有百分之二十九的现有小组成员接受如下句子 新闻节目的制造要比一系列的娱乐活动经济实惠，并且公众对此的口味也已急速发展起来 〔Pozzuoli〕A city of southern Italy west of Naples on theBay of Pozzuoli, a section of the Bay of Naples. The city was founded by Greek exiles c. 529 b.c. and was an important commercial center during the Roman Empire. Population, 61,300. 波佐利：意大利南部的城市，位于那不勒斯以西处，临波佐利湾 ，是那不勒斯湾的一部分。该城是由希腊流放者们于 公元前 529年建立起来的，在罗马帝国时期是重要的商业中心。人口61,300 〔Tuscaloosa〕A city of west-central Alabama southwest of Birmingham. Established in 1819 on the site of a Creek village, it was the state capital from 1826 to 1846. Population, 77,759.塔斯卡卢萨：阿拉巴马中西部一城市，位于伯明翰西南。该市于1819年在克里科村庄的所在地建立起来，从1826年到1846年一直是州政府所在地。人口77,759〔equate〕equates inexperience with youth.把年轻和缺乏经验相等同起来〔neutralize〕"American life is a powerful solvent. It seems to neutralize every intellectual element . . . and to fuse it in the native good will, complacency, thoughtlessness, and optimism" (George Santayana).“美国人的生活是一种强大的不断对事物进行削弱的力量，它好象在抵销一切智力因素…使其同民族精神、自信心、无私奉献精神和乐观主义精神融合起来” （乔治·桑塔亚那）。〔Enugu〕A city of southeast Nigeria east of the Niger River. It developed as a coal-mining center in the early 1900's. Population, 222,600.埃努古：尼日利亚东南部，尼日尔河东岸的城市。在20世纪初以采煤业中心发展起来。人口222,600〔extol〕ex- [up from] * see ex- ex- [从…起来] * 参见 ex-〔erupt〕The volcano erupted after years of dormancy.那座火山在沉睡多年后剧烈活动起来〔Genoa〕A city of northwest Italy on theGulf of Genoa, an arm of the Ligurian Sea. An ancient settlement, Genoa flourished under the Romans and also enjoyed great prosperity during the Crusades. Today, it is Italy's chief port and a major commercial and industrial center. Population, 760,300. 热那亚：意大利西北的一座城市，濒临利古里亚海的一个港湾热那亚湾 。作为一个古老的聚居地，热那亚在罗马人统治下繁盛起来，并在十字军东征期间聚敛了大量财富。今天，它是意大利的主要港口和重要的商业、工业中心。人口760,300 〔tail〕To connect (often dissimilar or incongruous objects) by or as if by the tail or end:衔接：从尾部或末端或仿佛从尾部和未端将（经常是不相似或不相容的物体）联结起来：〔ply〕One of the strands twisted together to make yarn, rope, or thread. Often used in combination:股：绞在一起来制成纱、绳或线的几股中的一股，常用在复合字中：〔installation〕A system of machinery or other apparatus set up for use.装置：安装起来以供使用的机器或其他设备系统〔hike〕My coat had hiked up in the back.我外套后面鼓了起来〔Abuja〕A city of central Nigeria northeast of Lagos. It was designated the capital in 1982 in an attempt to relieve the racial and ethnic divisions of the country, but the first government ministries did not move to the site until 1987 and the city remains largely undeveloped. Population, 15,000.阿布亚：尼日利亚中部一城市，位于拉各斯东北部。1982年被定为首都以试图缓解这个国家民族和种族的分裂，但首任国家政府部门直到1987年才迁到此城,现在这个城市的大部分还没有发展起来。人口15,000〔arise〕rīsan [to rise] rīsan [起来] 〔antsy〕The long wait made the children antsy.漫长的等待使孩子们坐立不安起来〔any〕didn't feel any better.丝毫没感觉好起来〔reassemble〕took the entire artifact apart and reassembled it at the museum.将整个制造物折散并在博物馆里将其重新装配起来〔selfhood〕"the cult of selfhood that became fashionable in the 1960s"(David Rankin)“对自我中心的狂热崇拜在20世纪60年代变得时髦起来”(戴维·兰金)〔personify〕"To make history or psychology alive I personify it"(Anaïs Nin)“我将历史或心理人格化，使得它具体生动起来”(阿奈斯·尼恩)〔taste〕an experience that left a bad taste in my mouth.一段让我一想起来就不舒服的经历〔erudite〕One might like to beerudite but hesitate to berude. This preference is supported by the etymological relationship betweenerudite and rude. Erudite comes from the Latin adjectiveērudītus, "well-instructed, learned,” from the past participle of the verbērudīre, "to educate, train.” The verb is in turn formed from the prefixex-, "out, out of,” and the adjective rudis, "untaught, untrained,” the source of our word rude. The English worderudite is first recorded in a work possibly written before 1425 with the senses "instructed, learned.”Erudite meaning "learned" is supposed to have become rare except in sarcastic use, at least during the latter part of the 19th century, but the word now seems to have been restored to favor.一个人想成为erudite （博学的）， 但却犹豫会成为rude （粗鲁的）。 这个优先选择可以由erudite 和 rede这两个词在语源学上的关系得出。 Erudite 源于拉丁语的形容词eruditus ，指“受过良好教育的、博学的，” 来源于动词erudire 的过去分词，指“教育、训练”。 这个动词反过来由前缀ex- ，（表示“出、离开”）和形容词 rudis 意为“没受教育的，没受训练的”组成，它又是现代词 rude 的来源。 英语单词erudite 最早记录于大约写在1425年以前的一本著作中， 那时意思是“受教育的、博学的”。至少在19世纪后半期，Erudite 意思为“博学的”，除了讽刺的用法外已经很少被人所用， 但是现在这个单词好象又逐渐被人们使用起来〔dough〕A soft, thick mixture of dry ingredients, such as flour or meal, and liquid, such as water, that is kneaded, shaped, and baked, especially as bread or pastry.生面团：用面粉或粗磨粉等干原料与水等液体和起来用于做面包或油酥糕点的软、稠混合物〔Messene〕An ancient Greek city in the southwest Peloponnesus. It was founded c. 369b.c. under Theban auspices as a new capital for the region of Messenia. 麦西尼：古希腊一城市，位于伯罗奔尼撒半岛的西南部。该城是在底比斯人的资助下于公元前 369年建立起来并作为麦西尼亚地区的新首都 〔Wari〕A pre-Incan empire with links to the contemporaneous civilization at Tiahuanaco, developing around the 10th century in the Peruvian highlands and spreading to encompass more than half of modern-day Peru before collapsing around 1200.瓦里帝国：与同时期的蒂亚瓦讷科文明有关连的前印加帝国，约十世纪在秘鲁高原发展起来，在1200年瓦里帝国瓦解前将大半个今日的秘鲁纳入版图〔moment〕She was on her feet in a flash when the doorbell rang. See also Synonyms at importance 门铃一响，她就立刻站了起来 参见同义词 importance〔input〕The nouninput has been used as a technical term for about a century in fields such as physics and electrical engineering, but its recent popularity grows out of its use in computer science,where it refers to data or signals entered into a system for processing or transmission.In general discourseinput is now widely used to refer to the transmission of information and opinion, as inThe report questioned whether a President thus shielded had access to a sufficiently varied input to have a realistic picture of the nation or The nominee herself had no input on housing policy. In this last sentence the meaning of the term is uncertain:it may mean either that the nominee provided no opinions to the policymakersor that she received no information about housing policy.This vagueness in the nontechnical use ofinput may be one reason that some critics have objected to it (including, in an earlier survey, a majority of the Usage Panel). Though the usage is well established,care should be taken not to use the word merely as a way of pretending to a scientific precision unwarranted by the facts of the case.名词input 作为一个专业名词在象物理和电子工程领域已经被用了大约一个世纪， 但是它在计算机科学上的最新流行超出了原来的用法，在计算机科学上它指输入系统进行运行或传送的信息和信号。总的来说，input 广泛地用来指信息和观点的传送， 就象在报告怀疑这样保护起来的总统是否能获得接近足够多样信息的机会，从而有一幅这个国家的现实图景 或 被提名人自己没有关于房产政策的任何信息 。 在后一句中单词的定义是不确定的：它既可以指被提名人未向决策者提供任何建议，也可以指她未收到任何有关房产政策的信息。这种模糊在input 的非专业用法中有可能是一些批评家反对它（在一个早期调查中，其中包括大部分用法专题小组成员）的一个原因。 尽管这种用法已完全确立，用这个词时也应谨慎，不能把这个词仅仅用来伪装一种科学的精确性，而在这样的情况下，如此的精确性是不被事实所证明的〔bonkers〕"Yet here in the capital of the energy state, when word spread that free gas was to be found, the populace, as expected, went bonkers"(Washington Post)“虽然是在能源富足的州府，但当将要发现天然气的消息传开时，公众如意料到的那样疯狂起来”(华盛顿邮报)〔Argenteuil〕A city of northern France, a residential and industrial suburb of Paris on the Seine River. It grew around a convent founded by Charlemagne in the seventh century. Population, 95,347.阿让特伊：法国北部的一座城市，位于塞纳河畔。是巴黎居住及工业区。它围绕着7世纪由查理大帝建立的一座女修道院发展起来。人口95,347〔parlor〕A room equipped and furnished for a special function or business:店堂，小店：为某一特定用途或事务而装备或装潢起来的房间： |
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