| 单词 | 谨慎 |
| 释义 | 〔cerebral〕"His approach is cerebral, analytical, cautious"(Helen Dewar)“他的方法是理智的、经过分析的和谨慎的”(海伦·迪尤尔)〔ice〕Extreme unfriendliness or reserve.冷淡：极其不友好或谨慎〔crabwise〕In a furtive or circumspect manner; indirectly.行为鬼祟的或谨慎的；谨慎的〔prudence〕The state, quality, or fact of being prudent.谨慎，小心：谨慎的状态、品质或事实〔Fabian〕Of or relating to the caution and avoidance of direct confrontation typical of the Roman general Quintus Fabius Maximus.采用渐进，待机策略的：属于或关于罗马将军昆塔斯·费边·马克西马斯的谨慎和避免直接交锋的〔deliberate〕Unhurried in action, movement, or manner, as if trying to avoid error:谨慎的：行动、移动、举止方面不慌不忙的，仿佛努力避免错误：〔policy〕Prudence, shrewdness, or sagacity in practical matters.在实际事务中的谨慎、精明或睿智〔forbid〕Discretion forbids a reply.谨慎阻止了回答〔cagey〕Wary; careful:小心的；谨慎的：〔tricksy〕Likely to cause trouble and therefore requiring special care or skilled, delicate treatment.棘手的：难以处理的，可能引起麻烦，因此需要特别留心或技巧的、谨慎的处理〔discriminating〕Showing careful judgment or fine taste:鉴赏力：表现出谨慎的判断力或很好的鉴赏力：〔nicety〕Delicacy of character or feeling; fastidiousness; scrupulousness.精致，慎重无误：性格或感情的细腻精致；过分考究；谨慎〔cautious〕felt a cautious optimism that the offer would be accepted.怀着提议将被接受的谨慎的乐观情绪〔hopefully〕And though this use ofhopefully may have been a vogue word when it first gained currency 30 years ago, it has long since lost any taint of jargon or pretentiousness for the general reader.The well-attested acceptance of the usage reflects an implicit popular recognition of its usefulness;there is no precise substitute.Someone who saysHopefully, the treaty will be ratified makes a hopeful prediction about the fate of the treaty,whereas someone who saysI hope (or We hope or It is hoped ) the treaty will be ratified expresses a bald statement about what is desired. Only the latter could be continued with a clause such asbut it isn't likely. · It might have been expected, then, that the initial flurry of objections tohopefully would have subsided once the usage became well established. Instead, increased currency of the usage appears only to have made the critics more adamant.In the 1969 Usage Panel survey the usage was acceptable to 44 percent of the Panel;in the most recent survey it was acceptable to only 27 percent.(By contrast, 60 percent accepted the analogous use ofmercifully in the sentence Mercifully, the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score. ) Yet the Panel has not shown any signs of becoming generally more conservative:in the very same survey panelists were disposed to accept once-vilified usagessuch as the employment ofcontact and host as verbs. · It seems that this use ofhopefully has been made a litmus test, which distinguishes writers who take an active interest in questions of grammar or usage from the great mass of people who keep their own linguistic counsel.No one can be blamed who useshopefully in blithe ignorance of the critics' disdain for it, since the rule could not be derived from any general concern for clarity or precision.But writers who are aware of the critical controversy face a more delicate decision.Some will simply flout the rule,seeing no reason that they should be deprived of a useful construction.Others may choose to avoid the usage,whether they are motivated by discretion or civility. ·Like other sentence adverbs such asbluntly and happily, hopefully may occasionally be ambiguous. In the sentenceHopefully, the company has launched a new venture, the word hopefully might be construed as describing the point of view of either the speaker or the subject. Such ambiguities can be resolved either by repositioning the adverb (as inThe company has launched the new venture hopefully ) or by choosing a paraphrase ( One may hope that the company has launched the new venture ). 尽管hopefully 的这一用法在30年前首次通用的时候曾是个时兴词， 但对于广大读者来说它早已失去了俚语或矫饰的色彩。屡经证实的对这一用法的接受反映了对其实用性的普遍默认；而且并不存在其他精确的代用词。有人如果说但愿条约能被批准 ， 便是对条约的命运作了充满希望的预测，反之如果有人说我希望 （或 我们希望 或 希望 ) 条约将会被批准 则表达了对其期望之物的大胆声明。 只有后者可以接从句象但这不大可能 。 也许我们本可以期待当这一用法已变得根深蒂固之后， 对hopefully 的一片反对声可稍事平息。 然而，这一用法的流行似乎反而使批评家们更为坚定。在1969年用法调查使用小组的调查中44%的成员接受这一用法；在最近一次的调查中却只有27%的成员接受。（相比之下，60%的人接受mercifully 在句子 幸好，在对手能够给这一边倒的比分再加上一分之前，比赛就结束了 中的类似用法） 但是并没有任何迹象表明调查小组成员正在普遍变得更保守：在同一次调查中小组成员们倾向于接受被一度废除的某些用法，如把contact 和 host 用作动词看来。 似乎hopefully 的用法已经成了一块试金石， 它把对语法和用法怀有浓厚兴趣的作家和保留着他们自己的语言学顾问的广大民众区分开来。那些全然忽视批评家们的蔑视使用hopefully 的人不该受到指责， 因为规则并不来源于任何对清晰和精确的关注。但是意识到了批评界争议的作者们面对着一个更为微妙的决定。有些人干脆违反规则，他们认为没有理由要失去这么一个实用的结构。另外一些人则选择避免这一用法，无论其动机是出于谨慎还是出于礼貌。象许多其它句中副词如bluntly 和 happily一样，hopefully 经常出现歧义。 在下句 Hopefully, the company has launched a new venture 中， hopefully 一词可以解释为记述说话者的观点或者句中主语的观点。 这种歧义可以通过调换副词位置（如公司已经满怀希望地到办了一个新企业 )或选择另一种说法( 有人希望这个公司已经创办了一个新企业 )来消除 〔suggest〕Intimate applies to indirect, subtle expression that often reflects discretion, tact, or reserve: Intimate 指一些反映出谨慎、技巧或保留的间接的、微妙的表达方式； 〔prudence〕"The necessity of the times, more than ever, calls for our utmost circumspection, deliberation, fortitude and perseverance" (Samuel Adams).“这个时代比以前任何时候都需要我们最大的谨慎、沉着、坚强和毅力” （萨缪尔·亚当斯）〔caution〕Careful forethought to avoid danger or harm.谨慎：仔细考虑以避免危险或伤害〔prudent〕Careful about one's conduct; circumspect.审慎地：小心行事的；谨慎的〔stingy〕Poverty has taught them to be close with their money.贫穷教会他们要谨慎花钱。〔awkward〕Requiring great tact, ingenuity, skill, and discretion:棘手的，难处理的：要求非常老练、机智、熟练和谨慎的：〔prudence〕 Discretion suggests prudence coupled with wise self-restraint,as in resisting the impulse to take rash action: Discretion 指带有明智的自我节制的谨慎，如能抑制采取莽撞行动的冲动： 〔wise〕Exhibiting common sense; prudent:谨慎的：表现出有常识的；审慎的：〔soul〕I am the very soul of discretion.我就是谨慎的最好具体表现〔Scotch〕Tight with one's money; frugal.节俭的：花钱谨慎的；节省的〔providence〕Prudent management; economy.节俭：谨慎管理；节约〔pick〕To decide with care or forethought.慎选：谨慎或考虑周到后决定〔like〕Writers since Chaucer's time have usedlike as a conjunction, but 19th-century and 20th-century critics have been so vehement in their condemnations of this usage that a writer who uses the construction in formal style risks being accused of illiteracy or worse.Prudence requiresThe dogs howled as (not like ) we expected them to. Likeis more acceptably used as a conjunction in informal style with verbs such as feel, look, seem, sound, and taste, as inIt looks like we are in for a rough winter. But here tooas if is to be preferred in formal writing. There can be no objection to the use oflike as a conjunction when the following verb is not expressed, as inHe took to politics like a duck to water. See Usage Note at as 1together 自乔叟年代起，作家就把like 当作连接词用， 但19世纪和20世纪的批评家强烈谴责这种用法，在正式文体中使用这种结构的作家就有可能被指责为文盲或者更糟。为谨慎起见，就写狗不象 （而不是 like ） 我们想的那样叫。 Like在非正式文体中可作为连词和动词如 feel, look, seem, sound 及 taste 连用， 如在看起来我们将有一个难熬的冬天 中。 但这句如果出现于正式文体中人们更倾向于用as if 。 如果其后的动词无明确含义时，将like 作为连接词是不会有任何异议的， 如他对政治简直是如鱼得水 参见 as1together〔canny〕Careful and shrewd, especially where one's own interests are concerned.谨慎的：小心而精明的，特别是当涉及到某人自己的利益时〔circumspection〕The state or quality of being circumspect.See Synonyms at prudence 小心，谨慎：慎重的状态或品质 参见 prudence〔prudence〕"The better part of valor is discretion" (Shakespeare).“谨慎即大勇” （莎士比亚）。〔sparing〕Given to or marked by prudence and restraint in the use of material resources.节俭的：在物质资源的使用上谨慎的和有节制的，或有此特征的〔fable〕A usually short narrative making an edifying or cautionary point and often employing as characters animals that speak and act like human beings.寓言：一种通常短小的故事，用来表示启发或谨慎的观点，常利用说话或有人的行为的动物为角色〔headless〕Lacking intelligence and prudence; stupid or foolish.缺少智慧和谨慎的；愚笨的〔fussy〕Calling for or requiring great attention to sometimes trivial details:谨慎的：有时对小事需要特别谨慎的：〔prudential〕Arising from or characterized by prudence.审慎的：由于谨慎的，或以谨慎为特征的〔considerate〕Characterized by careful thought; deliberate.深思熟虑：以谨慎的思考为特征的；深思熟虑的〔warn〕 Caution often suggests a warning that calls for the use of circumspection or prudence,as in avoiding unpleasant consequences: Caution 经常表示引起谨慎或小心的警告，如警告避免不良影响： 〔modest〕Having or showing a moderate estimation of one's own talents, abilities, and value.谨慎的：有或显示出一种对于自己的才华，能力或价值的适当的估计的〔wary〕Characterized by caution:谨慎的：以谨慎小心为特征的：〔fastidious〕Possessing or displaying careful, meticulous attention to detail.过分注意的：对细节谨慎而细心地注意的 |
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