| 单词 | 该国 |
| 释义 | 〔sidetrack〕"a bill that would sidetrack food irradiation in this country"(Alexis Beck)“一份将阻碍该国食品发展的提案”(阿列克塞·贝克)〔Montevideo〕The capital and largest city of Uruguay, in the southern part of the country on the Río de la Plata estuary. Founded by the Spanish c. 1726 on the site of a captured Portuguese fort, it became the capital after Uruguay achieved independence in 1828. Population, 1,237,227.蒙得维的亚：乌拉圭首都和最大城市，位于该国南部，拉普拉塔河河口。1726年由西班牙人在被占领的葡萄牙要塞上建立，并在1828年乌拉圭取得独立后成为首都。人口1,237,227〔Brazzaville〕The capital and largest city of Congo, in the southern part of the country on the Congo River across from Kinshasa, Zaire. Founded by the French in the 1880's, it is a trade center and major port. Population, 595,102.布拉柴维尔：刚果的首都及最大城市，位于该国的南部，流经扎伊尔金沙萨的刚果河沿岸。于19世纪80年代由法国人建成，是一个贸易中心和主要港口。人口595,102〔Caracas〕The capital and largest city of Venezuela, in the northern part of the country near the Caribbean coast. It was founded by the Spanish in 1567 and grew rapidly during the oil boom of the 1950's. Population, 3,041,000.加拉加斯：委内瑞拉首都和最大城市，位于该国北部，濒临加勒比海岸。该市由西班牙人于1567年建立，并在20世纪50年代的石油繁荣期迅速发展。人口3,041,000〔passport〕An official permit issued by a foreign country allowing one to transport goods or to travel through that country.过境通行证：由外国颁发的允许某人经过该国运输货物或旅行的官方通行证〔Bishkek〕The capital of Kyrgyzstan in the north-central part of the country on the Chu River west-southwest of Almaty, Kazakhstan. Built on the site of a fort established in 1846, it was taken by the Russians in 1862. Population, 824,900比什凯克：吉尔吉斯斯坦首都，位于该国中北部、哈萨克阿拉木图西南偏西的楚河畔。1846年在要塞上建成，1862年被俄罗斯占领。人口824,900〔Astana〕The capital of Kazakhstan, in the north-central part of the country. Founded as a fortress in 1824, it was a small mining town until the 1950s when it became the center of a vast agricultural project initiated by Nikita Khrushchev. The capital was shifted from Almaty in 1997. Population, 288,200亚斯塔纳：哈萨克首都，位于该国中北部。1824年作为要塞建立，20世纪50年代前一直是小型采矿城镇，后成为尼基塔·赫鲁晓夫推动的庞大农业计划的中心。1997年首都从阿拉木图迁至此。人口288,200〔Djibouti〕The capital and largest city of Djibouti, in the southeast part of the country on an inlet of the Gulf of Aden. It was founded by the French in 1888. Population, 120,000.吉布提市：吉布提最大的城市和首都，位于该国东南部的亚丁湾入口处，1888年由法国人建城。人口120,000〔Bucharest〕The capital and largest city of Romania, in the southeast part of the country on a tributary of the Danube River. Founded in the 14th century, it soon became a fortress and commercial center on the trade route to Constantinople. Population, 1,995,156.布加勒斯特：罗马尼亚首都和最大城市，位于该国东南部，多瑙河的支流上。建于14世纪，很快就成为通往君士坦丁堡的商路上的要塞和商业中心。人口1,995,156〔retorsion〕An act perpetrated by one nation upon another in retaliation or reprisal for a similar act perpetrated by the other nation.报复：一个受侵害国家对另一个国家采取的行动，以回报或报复该国曾进行的类似行动〔Helsinki〕The capital and largest city of Finland, in the southern part of the country on the Gulf of Finland. Founded in 1550 by Gustavus I of Sweden, it was moved to its present site in 1640. Helsinki passed to Russia along with Finland in 1809 and became capital of Finland in 1812, retaining that status when the country proclaimed its independence in 1917. Population, 484,263.赫尔辛基：芬兰首都及最大的城市，位于该国的南方，濒临芬兰湾。由瑞典国王古斯塔夫斯一世于1550年创建，1640年迁到现在的地址。1809年，赫尔辛基随芬兰一道落入了俄国的统治之下，1812年成为芬兰的首都，直到1917年芬兰宣布独立时，一直保持那种状态。人口484,263〔Beirut〕The capital and largest city of Lebanon, in the western part of the country on the Mediterranean Sea. Founded by the Phoenicians, it was an important Greek and Roman trade center. The city has long been the scene of bitter factional fighting. Population, 509,000.贝鲁特：黎巴嫩首都和最大城市，位于地中海岸该国西部。由腓尼基人建立，曾是希腊与罗马重要的贸易中心。该城长期以来一直是民族争端的地域。人口509,000〔Managua〕The capital and largest city of Nicaragua, in the western part of the country on the southern shore ofLake Managua. The city, designated as the capital in the 1850's, has frequently been damaged by earthquakes. Population, 644,588. 马那瓜：尼加拉瓜的首都和最大城市，位于这个国家的西部，马那瓜湖 的南岸。在19世纪50年代，这个城市被定为该国的首都，曾历经地震的毁坏。人口644,588 〔Thames〕A river of southern England flowing about 338 km (210 mi) eastward to a wide estuary on the North Sea. Navigable for large ships as far as London, it is the principal commercial waterway of the country. In its upper course above Oxford it is often called Isis.西蒙斯河：流程约338公里(210英里）的南英格兰河，向东流向北海宽湖三角湾。巨轮航运远至伦敦，它是该国主要商业水路。牛津以上上游部分通称为伊塞斯〔Amman〕The capital and largest city of Jordan, in the north-central part of the country. Occupying a site inhabited since prehistoric times, the city was known as Philadelphia while the Romans and Byzantines controlled it. Population, 777,500.安曼：约旦首都和全国最大城市，位于该国的中北部。这个地方史前时代就有人居住，罗马和拜占庭统治时期称为费拉德尔菲亚（费城），人口777,500〔Budapest〕The capital and largest city of Hungary, in the north-central part of the country on the Danube River. It was formed in 1873 by the union of Buda on the right bank of the river with Pest on the left bank. The city was the center of the Hungarian uprising in 1956. Population, 2,071,484.布达佩斯：匈牙利首都及其最大城市，位于该国的中北部多瑙河岸边，1873年由位于河右岸的布达和位于河左岸的佩斯联合建立。该城是1956年匈牙利起义的中心，人口2,071,484〔Zurich〕A city of northeast Switzerland at the northern tip of theLake of Zurich. Founded before Roman times, Zurich became a free imperial city after 1218 and joined the Swiss Confederation in 1351. In the 16th century it was a center of the Swiss Reformation under the leadership of Ulrich Zwingli. Today it is the largest city in the country. Population, 354,500. 苏黎世：瑞士东北部一城市，位于苏黎世湖 的北端，建立于罗马时代以前，1218年后成为自由的帝国城市，1351年加入瑞士联邦，16世纪在乌尔里希·茨温利领导下，苏黎世成为瑞士改革的一个中心，现在它是该国最大的城市。人口354,500 〔Pyongyang〕The capital and largest city of North Korea, in the southwest-central part of the country. It was an important cultural center and became capital of North Korea in 1948. Population, 1,283,000.平壤：朝鲜的首都和最大城市，位于该国的中部偏西南，它是一个重要的文化中心并于1948年成为朝鲜的首都。人口1,283,000〔Kuznets〕Russian-born American economist. He won a 1971 Nobel Prize for developing a method of using a country's gross national product to determine its economic growth.库兹涅茨，西蒙：(1901-1985) 俄裔美国经济学家，他因完善了以一个国家的国民生产总值来判断该国经济发展状况的方法，而获得了1971年的诺贝尔奖〔Athens〕The capital and largest city of Greece, in the eastern part of the country near the Saronic Gulf. It was at the height of its cultural achievements and imperial power in the fifth centuryb.c. during the time of Pericles. Athens became the capital of modern Greece in 1834, two years after the country achieved its independence from Turkey. Population, 885,737. 雅典：希腊的首都及最大城市，位于该国东部，萨罗尼克湾附近。公元前 5世纪伯里克利时代，文化成就和国势达到巅峰状态。雅典在1834年成为现代希腊的首都，两年后希腊摆脱土耳其独立。人口885,737 〔Bonn〕The former capital of West Germany, in the western part of the country on the Rhine River. It was founded as a Roman garrison in the first centurya.d. and since 1990 has been the seat of the reunified German government. Population, 291,291. 波恩：西德的前首都，在该国西部的莱茵河畔。公元 1世纪作为罗马的卫城被建立，自1990年起成为重新统一后的德国政府所在地。人口291,291 〔Johannesburg〕The largest city of South Africa, in the northeast part of the country northwest of Durban. Founded in 1886 after the discovery of gold nearby, it is a major industrial center. Population, 703,980.约翰内斯堡：南非最大的城市，位于该国的东北部，在德班西北。在其附近发现金矿后于1886年建立，为主要的工业中心。人口703,980〔Santiago〕The capital and largest city of Chile, in the central part of the country east-southeast of Valparaiso. On a plain in the foothills of the Andes, it was founded in 1541. Population, 425,924.圣地亚哥：智利首都和最大城市，位于该国中部地带，瓦尔帕莱索的东南偏东方。它建于1541年，位于安迪斯山脉山脚处一块平原上。人口425,924〔Sjaelland〕An island of eastern Denmark bounded by the Kattegat and the Baltic Sea. Separated from Sweden by the Oresund, it is the largest island of Denmark and the site of Copenhagen, the country's capital.西兰岛：丹麦东部一岛屿，被卡特加特海峡与波罗的海围绕，越厄勒海峡与瑞士相望。该岛是丹麦最大的岛屿，并且是该国首都哥本哈根所在地〔Guayaquil〕The largest city of Ecuador, in the western part of the country near theGulf of Guayaquil, an inlet of the Pacific Ocean. Founded in 1535, the city was frequently subject to pirate attacks in the 17th century. Population, 1,204,532. 瓜亚基尔：厄瓜多尔的最大城市，位于该国西部，靠近太平洋内湾瓜亚基尔湾 。该城于1535年建立，17世纪屡遭海盗袭击。人口1,204,532 〔Lusaka〕The capital and largest city of Zambia, in the south-central part of the country. It was founded by Europeans in 1905. Population, 535,830.卢萨卡：赞比亚的首都和最大城市，位于该国中南部地区。由欧洲人于1905年建立。人口535,830〔Sydney〕A city of southeast Australia on an inlet of the Tasman Sea. The largest city in Australia, it is the country's chief port and main cultural and financial center. Metropolitan area population, 3,358,550.悉尼：澳大利亚东南部一城市，位于塔斯曼海入海口处是澳大利亚最大的城市，也是该国的重要海港和主要的文化和金融中心市区人口3,358,550〔Austria〕A landlocked country of central Europe. A Roman and Carolingian territory, it was later a powerful empire ruled by the Hapsburgs. The empire was broken up in 1918, and the republic of Austria was annexed by Adolf Hitler in 1938. Full sovereignty was restored in 1955. Vienna is the capital and the largest city. Population, 7,555,338.奥地利：欧洲中部的内陆国。曾为古罗马及加洛林王朝疆域，后成为哈布斯堡统治下的强大帝国。于1918年分裂，奥地利共和国于1938年被阿道夫·希特勒吞并。于1955年收回全部主权。维也纳是该国首都及最大的城市。人口7,555,338〔Kabul〕The capital and largest city of Afghanistan, in the eastern part of the country near the border with Pakistan on theKabul River, about 483 km (300 mi) long. Strategically located and more than 3,000 years old, the city became the capital of Afghanistan in the 1700's. Population, 913,164. 喀布尔：阿富汗首都和最大城市，位于该国东部，毗邻巴基斯坦边境，在大约483公里（300英里）长的喀布尔河上 。该市处在战略要地，有3,000多年的历史，18世纪成为阿富汗首都。人口913,164 〔Paris〕The capital and largest city of France, in the north-central part of the country on the Seine River. Founded as a fishing village on the Île de la Cité, Paris (then called Lutetia) was captured and fortified by the Romans in 52b.c. Clovis I made it the capital of his kingdom after a.d. 486, and Hugh Capet established it as the capital of France after his accession to the throne in 987. Through the succeeding centuries, Paris grew rapidly as a commercial, cultural, and industrial center. The city was occupied by the Germans in World War II from June 14, 1940, to August 25, 1944. Population, 2,149,900. 巴黎：法国首都和最大城市，位于该国中北部的塞纳河上，作为一个钓鱼村庄建于斯德岛，巴黎（那时叫作鲁提提亚）被罗马人于公元前 52年侵占并加强城防，克维一世于 公元 486年把它订为自己王国的首都，休·卡佩于987年继王位后把它修建为法兰西的首都，在接下来的几个世纪里，作为商业、文化和工业中心，巴黎发展得很迅猛，二战中，该城在1940年6月14日到1944年8月25日期间被德国占领。人口2,149,900 〔Belgrade〕The capital and largest city of Yugoslavia, in the eastern part of the country at the confluence of the Danube and Sava rivers. Founded in the 3rd centuryb.c. , it was the primary city of Serbia from the 12th century until the formation of Yugoslavia in the 20th century. Population, 936,200. 贝尔格莱德：南斯拉夫首都和最大城市，位于该国东部的多瑙河与萨瓦河的汇合处。建于公元前 3世纪，从12世纪到南斯拉夫形成的20世纪，该城为塞尔维亚的主要城市。人口936,200 〔Masaryk〕Czechoslovakian politician who served as the first president of independent Czechoslovakia (1918-1935). His sonJan Garrigue Masaryk (1886-1948) was the foreign minister of the provisional government in London (1940-1945) and the restored government in Prague (1945-1948). 马萨里克，托马斯·加里盖：(1850-1937) 捷克斯洛伐克政治家，该国独立后的首任总统(1918-1935年）。他的儿子贾恩·戛里格·马萨里克 (1886-1948年）曾任在伦敦的流亡政府的外交部长(1940-1945年），并在布拉格恢复了政府统治(1945-1948年） 〔Mbabane〕The capital of Swaziland, in the northwest part of the country. It is a commercial center for an agricultural region. Population, 33,000.姆巴巴纳：斯威士兰首都，位于该国的西北部。是农业区的商业中心。人口33,000〔Riyadh〕The capital and largest city of Saudi Arabia, in the east-central part of the country east-northeast of Mecca. Situated in a desert oasis, it was formerly a walled city until the oil boom of the 1950's led to the demolition of older structures to make way for commercial expansion. Population, 1,250,000.利雅得：沙特阿拉伯的首都和最大的城市，位于该国的中东部、麦加的东北偏东。该城座落于一个沙漠的绿洲上，从前曾是一个四周有围墙的城市，直到本世纪50年代由于石油工业的繁荣而导致了旧结构的拆毁，并为商业扩大开辟了道路。人口1,250,000〔Accra〕The capital and largest city of Ghana, in the southeast part of the country on the Gulf of Guinea. Originally the capital of an ancient Ga kingdom, it became an important economic center after the completion in 1923 of a railroad to the mining and agricultural hinterland. Population, 859,640.阿克拉：加纳的首都和最大城市。 位于几内亚湾该国的东南部。原为古代加纳王国的首都。1923年建成一条通往内陆采矿和农业地区的铁路，后成为一重要的经济中心。人口859,640〔Sucre〕The constitutional capital of Bolivia, in the south-central part of the country southeast of La Paz. Founded in 1538 as Chuquisaca, it was renamed in 1840 to honor the first president of the country. Population, 86,609.苏克雷：玻利维亚宪法规定的首都，位于该国的中南部，拉巴斯东南方。建于1538年，当时的名称是丘基萨卡，1840年更名以纪念国家第一任总统，人口86,609〔Kampala〕The capital and largest city of Uganda, in the southern part of the country on Lake Victoria. It grew around a fort established in 1890. Population, 458,503.坎帕拉：乌干达首都及最大城市，位于该国南部维多利亚湖上。该市在1890年建立的一座城堡周围发展起来。人口458,503〔Dublin〕The capital and largest city of Ireland, in the east-central part of the country on the Irish Sea. A Danish stronghold until 1014, Dublin was the scene of the Black Monday massacre of English residents in 1209 and the bloody Easter Rebellion of April 24, 1916. The Sinn Fein movement began here in the early 20th century. Population, 525,882.都柏林：爱尔兰首府和最大城市，位于该国中东部，濒临爱尔兰海，都柏林在1014年以前为丹麦人据点，1209年在此发生对英格兰居民的黑色星期一大屠杀，1916年24日发生复活节流血叛乱，20世纪初新芬党运动由此开始。人口525,882〔Jerusalem〕The capital of Israel, in the east-central part of the country in the West Bank. Of immense religious and historical importance, the city was occupied as far back as the fourth millenniumb.c. and became the capital of King David c. 1000 b.c. Destroyed by Nebuchadnezzar in the sixth century b.c. , it was later ruled by Greeks, Romans, Persians, Arabs, Crusaders, and Turks and by Great Britain under a League of Nations mandate. Israeli forces took control of the city in 1967. Jerusalem is considered a holy city to Jews, Moslems, and Christians. Population, 446,500. 耶路撒冷：以色列的首都，位于西岸上该国中东部。该城在宗教上和历史上极大的重要性可以追溯到公元前 4000年， 公元前 1000年成为大卫王国的首都。于 公元前 6世纪被尼布甲尼撒毁灭。后被希腊人、罗马人、波斯人、阿拉伯人、十字军和土耳其统治过，最后受国际联盟的托管国英国控制。以色列军队在1967年控制该城。耶路撒冷是犹太教、穆斯林和基督教的圣地。人口446,500 〔Rangoon〕The capital and largest city of Burma, in the southern part of the country on theRangoon River near its outlet in the Irrawaddy River delta. It was a small fishing village until it became the capital of Burmese kings after the 1750's. Further growth was spurred by the British occupation of the city in 1852. Population, 2,458,712. 仰光：缅甸首都或最大城市，位于该国南部，在仰光河 上，在仰光河注入伊洛瓦底江的河口上，在伊洛瓦底江三角洲的出海处。直到1750年成为缅甸国王首都之前，它一直是一座小渔村。1852年英国人占领该城后，其发展速度迅速加快。人口2,458,712 |
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