| 单词 | 试图 |
| 释义 | 〔Babism〕A 19th-century outgrowth of Shiism that sought to reform Islam by advocating egalitarianism and by forbidding polygamy and trading in slaves. One of its followers founded the Baha'i faith in 1863.巴布教：19世纪的什叶派教义产物，试图通过提倡平等主义、禁止多配偶和买卖奴隶来改革回教。1863年巴布教信徒创立巴哈教〔Caracalla〕Emperor of Rome (211-217) who was obsessed with and sought to imitate Alexander the Great. His brutal, undisciplined rule of the empire, however, led to his assassination and left only a legacy of infamy.卡拉卡拉：罗马皇帝(211-217年），曾着迷地试图效仿亚历山大大帝。然而，他对帝国的残暴，不合理的统治，以致被暗杀，只留下遗臭万年的污名〔Columbus〕Italian explorer in the service of Spain who determined that the earth was round and attempted to reach Asia by sailing west from Europe, thereby discovering America (1492). He made three subsequent voyages to the Caribbean in his quest for a sea route to China.哥伦布，克里斯托夫：(1451-1506) 意大利探险家，效力西班牙，他认定地球是圆的，试图从欧洲向西航海至亚洲，因而发现了美洲（1492年）。在他寻找通往中国的海路时又接连三次航海至加勒比海〔guillotine〕"At half past 12 the guillotine severed her head from her body.”So reads the statementcontaining the first recorded use ofguillotine in English, found in theAnnual Register of 1793. The word occurs in a context clearly illustrating the function of theguillotine, "a machine with a heavy blade that falls freely between upright guides to behead a condemned person.” Ironically, the guillotine, which became the most notable symbol of the excesses of the French Revolution,was named for a humanitarian physician, Joseph Ignace Guillotin.Guillotin, a member of the French Constituent Assembly,recommended in a speech to that body on October 10, 1789,that executions be performed by a beheading device rather than by hanging, the method used for commoners, or by the sword, reserved for the nobility.He argued that beheading by machine was quicker and less painful than the work of the rope and the sword.In 1791 the Assembly did indeed adopt beheading by machine as the state's preferred method of execution.A beheading device designed by Dr. Antoine Louis, secretary of the College of Surgeons, was first used on April 25, 1792, to execute a highwayman named Pelletier or Peletier.The device was called alouisette or louison after its inventor's name,but because of Guillotin's famous speech,his name became irrevocably associated with the machine. After Guillotin's death in 1814,his children tried unsuccessfully to get the device's name changed.When their efforts failed,they were allowed to change their name instead.“十二点半，断头台斩落了他的头颅。”这句话如此写道。这是英语文章中第一次使用guillotine 这个词， 它出现在1793年的年度文摘 中。 该文中，该词清楚地体现了guillotine 的功用——“利用垂直向下砍落的重斧斩落犯人头颅的机器。” 令人啼笑皆非的是，这一成为法国大革命中恐怖暴行最显著标志的断头台，竟是因一个人文主义医生，约瑟夫·英格纳斯·吉约坦命名的。吉约坦是法国国民代表大会的成员，在1789年10月的一次发言中向大会提出，在处决犯人时以一种砍头的机器来代替处决普通犯人时所用的绞刑或是处决贵族时使用的宝剑。他认为用机器砍头比用绳子或宝剑快而且痛苦小。1791年，国民大会确实将用机器砍头定为国家处决犯人的方法。由外科医生院秘书长安东尼·路易医生设计的砍头装置在1792年4月25日处决拦路强盗佩尔蒂或佩尔捷时第一次使用。这个装置被称为路易塞特 或 路易森 ， 因由其发明者而得名。但是由于吉约坦那次著名的发言，他的名字不可避免地与这种机器联系在一起。1814年吉约坦死后，他的子孙试图为这种机器换个名字,但没有成功。当他们的努力失败后，他们得到允许，改换了自己的名字〔antitrust〕Opposing or intended to regulate business monopolies, such as trusts or cartels:反托拉斯的，反垄断的：反对或试图调节贸易垄断的，如托拉斯或卡特尔组织：〔take〕Taking or seeking to take bribes or illegal income:收受贿赂的：收受贿赂或非法收入的或试图收受贿赂或非法收入的：〔siege〕The surrounding and blockading of a city, town, or fortress by an army attempting to capture it.包围，围攻：由试图攻击一城市、城镇或堡垒的军队进行的包围及封锁〔Linton〕American anthropologist who synthesized elements of anthropology and psychology in an attempt to determine the ways in which cultures are formed. His works includeThe Study of Man (1936) and The Tree of Culture (1955). 林顿，拉尔夫：(1893-1953) 美国人类学家，他综合了人类学和心理学的因素试图研究文化形成的过程。他的作品有《人类研究》 （1936年）和 《文化谱系》 （1955年） 〔nim〕A game in which players in turn remove small objects from a collection, such as matchsticks arranged in rows, and attempt to take, or avoid taking, the last one.拿子游戏：一种游戏，参加者轮流从排成行的火柴棍等聚集处抽拿这些物品，并试图拿到或避免拿到最后一个〔vomiturition〕Forceful attempts at vomiting without bringing up the contents of the stomach; retching.干呕：剧烈的试图呕吐但不能把胃里的东西带出；反胃〔contemporary〕Opponents of nuclear power tried to organize simultaneous demonstrations in all the major cities.核动力反对者们试图在所有大城市里组织同时进行的示威活动。〔Chifley〕Australian politician who served as prime minister (1945-1949) and attempted to nationalize the country's banks (1947).奇弗利，约瑟夫·本尼狄克：(1885-1951) 澳大利亚政治家。1945年至1949年间曾担任首相并于1947年试图将全国的银行国有化〔iconoclast〕One who attacks and seeks to overthrow traditional or popular ideas or institutions.传统叛逆者：攻击或试图推翻传统或大众的观点或制度的人〔impress〕To produce or attempt to produce a vivid impression or image of:印入脑海，留下印象：产生或试图产生…的生动印象或形象：〔distance〕The challenger had never attempted the distance of 12 rounds.挑战者从未试图跑十二圈〔discourage〕To try to prevent by expressing disapproval or raising objections.阻止，劝阻：试图通过不赞成或反对来阻止〔gesture〕frantic gesticulations in an attempt to get help;试图求援的狂乱的比手画脚；〔pacific〕Tending to diminish or put an end to conflict; appeasing.求和的：试图减小或停止冲突的；平息的〔inject〕tried to inject a note of humor into the negotiations.试图给谈判带来一点幽默〔reinvent〕She kept trying to reinvent herself as an actress.她一再试图从头做起做一个演员〔Fillmore〕The 13th President of the United States (1850-1853), who succeeded to office after the death of Zachary Taylor. He struggled to keep the nation unified but lost the support of his Whig Party by attempting to enforce the Fugitive Slave Act in the North.菲尔莫尔，密拉德：(1800-1874) 美国第13任总统（1850-1853年），在扎卡里·泰勒死后继任总统。他为保持国家的统一而斗争，但因试图使《逃亡奴隶法》在北方生效而失去了他所在的辉格党的支持〔call〕To communicate or try to communicate with by telephone:打电话给：用电话联系或试图通过电话联系：〔rival〕One who attempts to equal or surpass another, or who pursues the same object as another; a competitor.竞争对手，敌手：试图与另一人匹敌或超越的人，或者是与另一个人追求同一目标的人；竞争对手〔call〕To communicate or try to communicate with someone by telephone:打电话：联系或试图通过电话联系：〔provoke〕"His mother . . . endeavored to rouse him from this passive state" (Washington Irving). “他的母亲…试图使他从消极的状态中振作起来” （华盛顿·欧文）。 〔mission〕An aerospace operation intended to carry out specific program objectives:太空行动：试图完成特定的目的地的太空行动：〔answer〕“ the attempt to answer questions, without first discovering precisely what question it is which you desire to answer ” (G.E. Moore). “试图回答问题，但首先还没有发现你想回答的问题是什么 ” (G·E·摩尔）。 〔conciliate〕To make or attempt to make compatible; reconcile.调和：使协调或试图使…和解；调解〔sycophant〕A servile self-seeker who attempts to win favor by flattering influential people.拍马者，谄媚者：一个奴颜婢膝的，追求个人私利的人，试图通过谄媚有影响的人物来获得好处〔alarmist〕A person who needlessly alarms or attempts to alarm others, as by inventing or spreading false or exaggerated rumors of impending danger or catastrophe.大惊小怪者；危言耸听者：不必要地进行警告或试图警告别人的人，如对即将来临的危险、灾难加以捏造或传播虚假夸张的谣言〔Buchanan〕The 15th President of the United States (1857-1861). He tried to maintain a balance between proslavery and antislavery factions, but his moderate views angered radicals in both North and South, and he was unable to forestall the secession of South Carolina on December 20, 1860.布坎南，詹姆斯：(1791-1868) 美国第15任总统(1857-1861年），曾试图在赞成奴隶制和反对奴隶制的双方中维持平衡状态，但其折衷的观点激怒了南北两方。他企图抢先一步制止南卡罗来纳州于1860年2月20日发动的内战，以失败告终〔Malebranche〕French philosopher who sought to reconcile the metaphysics of Descartes with Neo-Platonism and the philosophy of Saint Augustine.马勒伯朗士，尼古拉斯·德：(1638-1715) 法国哲学家，试图把笛卡尔学说的形而上学与新柏拉图主义及圣奥斯汀的哲学思想综合起来〔interest〕tried to interest her in taking a walk.试图让她一起去散步〔whiffletree〕Whiffletree, a term primarily used in the northeast United States, is derived from an older termwhippletree, which is used in the Upper Northern states farther to the west.The fact thatwhiffletree, the newer term, is used in the Northeast, the older dialect area, illustrates the process of linguistic change. Even as the older wordwhippletree was spreading westward into a new dialect area, it was evolving into something different—whiffletree —in the area where it originated, as if the older dialect area were somehow trying to keep a step ahead.Whiffletree， 一个起初在美国东北部使用的词， 是从一个更古老的词whippletree 而来， 该词用在距西部更远些的北部各州等地。Whiffletree 这个更新些的词用在东北部——这个较老的方言区的事实证明了语言变化的过程。 即使当老一些的词whippletree 向西扩展进入一个新的方言区时， 它也牵涉到了一些不一样的东西——whiffletree 在它的起源地区， 就好象老一些的方言区在试图采取步骤向前〔halfhearted〕a halfhearted attempt at writing a novel.并不热心的试图写一部小说〔pointless〕pointless attempts to rescue the victims of the raging fire.试图将熊熊大火中的遇难者救出的徒劳举动〔Laurier〕Canadian politician who served as prime minister (1896-1911) and sought unrestricted trade between Canada and the United States.洛里埃，威尔夫里德：(1841-1919) 加拿大政治家，1896-1911年任总理，他曾试图在加拿大和美国之间建立不受限制的贸易往来〔Erasmus〕Dutch Renaissance scholar and Roman Catholic theologian who sought to revive classical texts from antiquity, restore simple Christian faith based on Scripture, and eradicate the improprieties of the medieval Church. His works includeThe Manual of the Christian Knight (1503) and The Praise of Folly (1509). 伊拉斯默斯，狄赛德留斯：(1466?-1536) 荷兰文艺复兴时期学者，罗马天主教神学家，他试图使古代的古典经文复兴，恢复基于《圣经》的朴素的基督教信仰，消除中世纪教的一些不当行为，他的作品包括《基督教骑士手册》 （1503年）和 《愚人颂》 （1509年） 〔mercy〕"His Majesty gave many marks of his great lenity, often . . . endeavoring to extenuate your crimes" (Jonathan Swift).“国王陛下多次表示了他的仁慈，常常…试图减轻你的罪行” （乔纳森·斯威夫特）。〔jawbone〕To try to influence or pressure through strong persuasion, especially to urge to comply voluntarily.训人：试图通过极力劝说来施加影响或压力，尤指极力使别人自觉服从 |
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