| 单词 | 论文 |
| 释义 | 〔dissertation〕A lengthy, formal treatise, especially one written by a candidate for the doctoral degree at a university; a thesis.（博士学位）论文，（专题）论文，学术演讲：长而正式的论文，尤指大学里由博士学位攻读者所写的论文；学位论文〔estimate〕evaluating a student's thesis for content and organization;对学生论文的结构和内容进行分析；〔metaphysics〕Greek (Ta) meta (ta) phusika [(the things) after the physics, the title of Aristotle's treatise on first principles (so called because it followed his work on physics)] 希腊语 (Ta) meta (ta) phusika [得名于物理现象，亚里士多德关于第一原则论文的题目（因其紧随他在物理学方面工作而得名）] 〔Heine〕German writer who lived in Paris after 1831. His romantic poems and social essays are marked by his love for the German land and people and derision for many modern German institutions.海涅，亨利希：(1797-1856) 德国作家，自1831年之后生活在巴黎。他的浪漫主义诗歌及社会论文充满了他对自己祖国土地和人民的热爱，对众多德国现代研究机构的嘲笑〔introduce〕interlarded her thesis with Latin expressions;在她的论文中加入拉丁文词组；〔confrontation〕an essay that brought elements of biography, autobiography, and general European history into powerful, meaningful confrontation.一篇对传记、自传和欧洲通史进行了有力地、深刻比较的论文〔Newton〕English mathematician and scientist who invented differential calculus and formulated the theories of universal gravitation, terrestrial mechanics, and color. His treatise on gravitation, presented inPrincipia Mathematica (1687), was supposedly inspired by the sight of a falling apple. 牛顿，艾萨克：(1642-1727) 英国数学家、科学家，他发明了微积分，系统阐述了万有引力理论、地球结构和颜色。他发表在《自然科学的数学原理》 （1687年）上关于地球引力的论文据说是因为看到苹果落地而引起的灵感 〔Leopardi〕Italian writer whose major prose work isEssays, Dialogues, and Thoughts (1824-1832). 莱奥帕尔迪，贾科莫：(1798-1837) 意大利作家，他主要的散文作品有《论文、对话及思想》 （1824-1832年） 〔ABD〕A candidate for a doctorate who has completed all the requirements for the degree, such as courses and examinations, with the exception of the dissertation.准博士：除论文外的取得学历证书所必须的一切条件，如课程和考试，都已具备的博士候选人〔ammunition〕A means of attacking or defending an argument, thesis, or point of view.炮弹方式：对一种论点、论文或看法攻击或辩护的方式〔dilemma〕Ph.D. students who haven't completed their dissertations by the time their fellowships expire face a difficult dilemma:哲学博士生们在研究生职位期限终止时还没有完成其论文就要面临一种进退两难的境地：〔summa〕A comprehensive treatise, especially in philosophy or theology.总结性论文：综合性论文，尤指哲学或神学方面的论文〔paper〕A piece of written work for school; a report or theme.报告，论文：为学校所写的功课；报告或论文〔thesis〕A dissertation advancing an original point of view as a result of research, especially as a requirement for an academic degree.论文：尤指出于获得学位的研究需要而改进原来观点以作为研究成果的论文〔Sontag〕American writer noted for her essays on contemporary culture, especially those contained inAgainst Interpretation (1966). 商塔格，苏珊：(生于 1933) 美国作家，以其关于当代文化的论文而著称，尤指那些包括《反对诠释》 （1966年）一书之中者 〔tract〕Middle English tracte [treatise] 中古英语 tracte [论文] 〔Brenan〕British writer. A long-time resident of Spain, he wrote insightful studies of that country, includingThe Spanish Labyrinth, published in 1947. 布伦南，杰拉尔德：(1894-1987) 英国作家。长期居住在西班牙，曾写过关于西班牙的有深刻见地的论文，作品有《西班牙迷宫》 ，于1947年出版 〔text〕A passage from the Scriptures or another authoritative source chosen for the subject of a discourse or cited for support in argument.引文：为论文主题或支持论点从《圣经》或其它权威著作引用的段落〔festschrift〕A volume of learned articles or essays by colleagues and admirers, serving as a tribute or memorial especially to a scholar.纪念文集：同事或仰慕者写的尤指送给一位学者作为礼物或纪念的学术性论文或散文的汇编〔Burton〕English cleric and writer known chiefly for hisAnatomy of Melancholy (1621), a treatise on the causes, symptoms, and cure of melancholy that ranges far afield in its lively depiction of everyday life. 伯顿，罗伯特：(1577-1640) 英国牧师和作家，尤以其作品《忧郁的剖析》 （1621年）而闻名，这部作品是一部关于忧郁的起因、症状和治疗的论文，其对日常生活的生动描写涉及领域很广 〔articulate〕an articulate essay.清楚有力的论文〔form〕presented my ideas in outline form; a treatise in the form of a dialogue.用提纲的形式表现我的想法；对话形式的论文〔topic〕A subdivision of a theme, a thesis, or an outline.See Synonyms at subject 标题；细目：主题，论文或提纲下面的副标题 参见 subject〔iconography〕A treatise or book dealing with iconography.研究插图的论文或书籍〔hump〕At last I'm over the hump on my term paper.我最终完成了期末论文最困难的一段〔hold〕held the essay up as a model for the students.把这篇论文给学生作范例〔smog〕Smog is so much a part of modern, industrialized lifethat it is difficult to realize that at one time neither smog nor the word for it existed.The word, of course, followed the phenomenon perhaps by half a century,for air pollution was noticed during the Industrial Revolution.The wordsmog is first recorded in 1905 in a newspaper report of a meeting of the Public Health Congress. Dr. H.A. des V÷ux gave a paper entitled "Fog and Smoke,” in which,in the words of theDaily Graphic of July 26, "he said it required no science to see that there was something produced in great cities which was not found in the country, and that was smoky fog, or what was known as ‘smog.’”The next day theGlobe remarked that "Dr. des V÷ux did a public service in coining a new word for the London fog.”Since Dr. des V÷ux's creation of this blend, much more has been learned about the composition of smog;unfortunately, it is still with us.烟雾污染已成为现代工业生活中如此大的一部分，以至有一段时间人们难以认识烟雾污染以及表达其存在的烟雾污染这个词。不言而喻，这个词是在这种现象产生半个世纪以后才出现的，因为空气污染是在工业革命期间才被发现。Smog 这个词的第一次使用记录出现在1905年关于公共健康委员会一次会议的新闻报导中， H·A·德佛博士当时上交了一份题为《雾和烟》的论文，按照7月26日每日画报 的说法， 在这篇论文中，“他认为不必借助科学，人们就会发现一种只存在于大城市而乡村没有的东西，那就是含烟的雾，或者叫做烟雾”。第二天的环球报 评论说： "H·A·德佛博士关于伦敦大雾所创造的新词是对公众的一个贡献”。自从H·A·德佛博士用混合的方法创造这个词开始，人们对烟雾的结构做了仔细的研究；但不幸的是，它至今还存在着〔Emerson〕American writer, philosopher, and central figure of American transcendentalism. His poems, orations, and especially his essays, such asNature (1836), are regarded as landmarks in the development of American thought and literary expression. 爱默生，拉尔夫·沃尔朵：(1803-1882) 美国作家、哲学家和美国超越主义的中心人物。其诗歌、演说，特别是他的论文，例如《自然》 （1836年），被认为是美国思想与文学表达发展的里程碑 〔braid〕braided the ideas into a complex thesis.将这些思想编织成一篇复杂论文〔sketch〕A brief, light, or informal literary composition, such as an essay or a short story.短篇作品：简要的、少量的或非正式的文学作品，例如一篇论文或短篇小说〔key〕key decisions; the key element of the thesis.意义重大的结论；论文的中心成分〔mineralogy〕A book or treatise on mineralogy.矿物学书籍或论文：有关矿物学的书籍或论文〔treatise〕A systematic, usually extensive written discourse on a subject.专题论文：关于一个主题系统的，通常是比较长的书面论文〔Blanc〕French political theorist whose writings, most notablyOrganization of Work (1839), are among the most influential early socialist treatises. 布兰克，路易斯：(1811-1882) 法国政治理论家，其最著名的著作《工作组织》 （1839年），为最有影响的早期社会主义论文之一 〔theme〕A topic of discourse or discussion.See Synonyms at subject 题目：论文或讨论的题目 参见 subject〔descent〕a paper tracing the descent of the novel from old picaresque tales.追溯古老的传奇故事演化到小说的论文〔Seneca〕Roman Stoic philosopher, writer, and tutor of Nero. His works include treatises on rhetoric and governance and numerous plays that influenced Renaissance and Elizabethan drama.塞内加，卢西乌斯·安奈乌斯：(4) 罗马斯多葛派哲学家、作家、尼禄的私人教师，他的作品包括关于修辞学和统治的论文和大量的戏剧，曾影响了文艺复兴和伊丽莎白女王一世时代的戏剧〔zoology〕A book or scholarly work on zoology.动物学书籍或论文〔Lacan〕French psychiatrist who was an early adherent and interpreter of Freud's theories in France, but whose own theoretical and clinical work diverged greatly from Freud's. His collection of essays and lecturesÉcrits (1966) greatly influenced linguistics and literary theory. 拉肯，雅克：法国精神病学家，是佛洛伊德理论的早期追随者和译者，然而他自己的理论及临床实践却与佛洛伊德理论大相径庭。其论文及讲说集《文集》 （1966年）对语言学及文学理论影响深远 〔rhetoric〕A treatise or book discussing this art.修辞学著作：讨论这种艺术的论文或书籍 |
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