| 单词 | 表达方式 |
| 释义 | 〔partition〕An expression of a positive integer as a sum of positive integers.正整数式：用一个正整数来表示正整数总集合的表达方式〔complaint〕An expression of pain, dissatisfaction, or resentment.抱怨：对疼痛、不满或怨恨的表达方式〔culture〕These patterns, traits, and products considered with respect to a particular category, such as a field, subject, or mode of expression:类别文化：被视为关于某一特定范畴，如某一领域、主题或表达方式的这些方式、特点或产物：〔regionalism〕A feature, such as an expression, a pronunciation, or a custom, that is characteristic of a geographic area.方言词语：带方地方性特征的特色，如表达方式，发音或风俗〔honor〕 Veneration is both the feeling and the reverential expression of respect, love, and awe: Veneration 既为情感也是对尊敬、热爱或敬畏的虔诚表达方式： 〔Weltschmerz〕Sadness over the evils of the world, especially as an expression of romantic pessimism.悲观，厌世：因世界上的罪恶而悲伤，尤指浪漫悲观主义的一种表达方式〔bodacious〕Popularized in the comic stripSnuffy Smith, bodacious is probably a blend of the words bold and audacious, whose combined senses are evident in the following description of Sevier County, Tennessee,as"the most bodacious display of tourisma this side of Anaheim" (Los Angeles Times).A more traditional meaning is "remarkable, prodigious": "a bodacious amount of smoke" (Springfield MA Morning Union); "the most bodacious tale of hidden treasure" (Lawrence E. Will). Bodacious can also be an adverbial intensifier: "She's so bowdacious unreasonable when she's raised [irritated] ” (William T. Thompson).Black speech in New York City retains this Southernism asbardacious. Joseph Wright'sEnglish Dialect Dictionary cites the form boldacious, which, as the likely source forbodacious, strengthens the theory that some archaic British expressions are preserved in the speech of the American South.因胆大包天的斯纳费·史密斯 中的连载漫画而家喻户晓。其大概是 bold 和 audacious 两词的组合， 其组合意思在以下对田纳西州的塞费尔县的描述中很明显的：“阿纳海姆的大肆渲染的观光演出” （洛杉矶时报）。一个更传统的意思是“突出的，大量的”： “滚滚浓烟” （斯普林菲尔德·MA·联合晨报）； “关于隐藏的宝藏的最迷人传说” （劳伦斯·E·威尔）。 Bodacious 也可用作加强语气的副词： “她被激［怒］ 时变得如此不可理喻” （威廉·T·汤普逊）。纽约市的黑人语言还保留了这一南方音bardacious。 约瑟夫·莱特编的英语方言辞典 记录了 boldacious 的形式， 它可能是boadacious 的来源， 这证实了以下的看法：一些古时的英语表达方式仍保留在美国南部方言中〔well〕Used as an adjective applied to people,well usually refers to a state of health, whereasgood has a much wider range of senses. It has always been a first principle of grammatical criticism that there should be no difference without a distinction,and perhaps for this reason, some critics have insisted that the expressionfeel good cannot be used in reference to health. It is true that there is a distinction betweenfeel well and feel good, but both can be applied to a state of health.Thus a patient suffering from a chronic disease might appropriately say to a doctorI feel good today, which implies a relative lack of physical discomfort.By contrast,I feel well today would be appropriate if the patient believes that the ailment has disappeared. See Usage Note at good 用作形容词来形容人时，well 通常指健康状况， 但是good 的意思更加广泛。 在语法评论中，没有区别就没有差别一直是第一性原则，也许正是因为如此，一些批评家坚持认为feel good 这一表达方式不能用来指健康。 诚然，feel well 与 feel good 有区别， 但是两者都可用来指健康。所以一位患有慢性病的病人完全可以对医生说I feel good today（我今天感觉不错） ， 这句话暗示着病痛相对减轻了。相反，I feel well today（我今天感到全好了） 也可以，如果病人确信病症已消失了 参见 good〔voice〕The distinctive style or manner of expression of an author or a character in a book.风格，特征：作者或书中人物的独特的风格或表达方式〔Maugham〕British writer whose short stories, such as "Miss Thompson" (1921), and novels, includingOf Human Bondage (1915), illustrate his economy of expression and masterly storytelling. 毛姆，威（廉）·萨默塞特：(1874-1965) 英国作家，其短篇小说，如“桑普森小姐”(1921年）以及长篇小说《人性的枷锁》 （1915年）等，体现了他简炼的表达方式和高超的叙事技巧 〔thusly〕Thusly was introduced in the 19th century as an alternative for thus in sentences such asHold it thus or He put it thus. The increasingly literary character of such uses ofthus may have facilitated coinage of the new adverbthusly, particularly by poorly educated speakers who were straining for a stylish effect.Early citations for the word indicate clear association with rustic or illiterate speech,and though the word has subsequently gained some currency in educated usage,it is still widely regarded as incorrect.In an earlier surveythe use of the word was judged unacceptable by a large majority of the Usage Panel.In formal writingthus can still be used as in the examples above; in other styles,expressions such asthis way and like this are more natural. Thusly 在19世纪时被作为 thus 的替代语使用， 如用在 Hold it thus 或 He put it thus 等句中。 thus 这些用法日益具有书面语的特点， 这可能促成了一个新的副词thusly 的产生， 这对那些受教育程度不高但又尽量追求文采的人尤其有用。这个词的早期引用清楚地表明了它与乡村或文盲语言的联系，尽管后来它在受教育的人中得以一定传播，但仍被普便认为是一种不正确的用法。早期进行的一次调查中，用法委员会小组绝大多数都认为这个词的使用是不能接受的。在正式的文字中，thus 这个词仍然能用于上面所举的例子； 在其它风格的作品中，this way 和 like this 等表达方式更为普遍 〔suggest〕Intimate applies to indirect, subtle expression that often reflects discretion, tact, or reserve: Intimate 指一些反映出谨慎、技巧或保留的间接的、微妙的表达方式； 〔graph〕A written character that represents a vowel, consonant, syllable, word, or other expression and that cannot be further analyzed.书写单位；书写符号：代表一个元音、辅音、音节、词或其它表达方式，并且不能进一步分解的书写符号〔vernacularism〕A vernacular word or expression.方言的词语；方言的习惯用语：本国语或本地语的词语或表达方式〔participle〕The "dangling participle" is quite common in speech,where it often passes unremarked;but its use in writing can lead to unintentional absurdities,as in He went to watch his horse take a turn around the track carrying a copy of the breeders' guide under his arm. Even when the construction occasions no ambiguity,it is likely to distract the reader,who will ordinarily be operating on the assumption that a participle or other modifying phrase will be associated with the noun phrase that is immediately adjacent to it.Thus the sentenceTurning the corner, the view was quite different would be better rewritten as The view was quite different when we turned the corner or Turning the corner, we saw a different view. · A number of expressions originally derived from active participles are now well established as prepositions of a kind,and these may be used freely to introduce phrases that are not associated with the immediately adjacent noun phrase.Such expressions includeconcerning, considering, failing, granting, judging by, and speaking of. Thus one may writeSpeaking of politics, the elections have been postponed or Considering the hour, it is surprising that he arrived at all. “不连结分词”在口语中十分常见，只是常常被忽略；但它在书面中却会无意地导致语义模糊，如：他胳膊下夹着一本饲养员指南书去看他的马转过跑道的拐弯处。 即使这种结构不会产生语义不清，它也很可能迷惑读者，他们通常会假定分词或其它的修饰性短语会跟其紧接的名词性短语相联系。这样，最好把句子转弯后，景色大为不同 写成 我们一转弯就发现景色大为不同 或 转弯后我们看到景色大为不同。 · 一些最初由主动分词派生出来的表达方式现在已经作为某类介词而被固定下来，这些表达方式可以用来引入一些与紧接的名词短语没有联系的短语，这些表达方式包括concerning，considering，failing，granting，judging by 和 speaking of。 由此我们就可以这样写考虑到政治因素，将选举延期了 或 就时间来说，他在任何情况下到来都令人惊讶 〔Atticism〕atticism An expression characterized by conciseness and elegance. atticism 高雅严谨的用语，文雅的言词：简明高雅的表达方式〔genteelism〕A word or an expression thought by its user to be more refined than another, as inexpectorate for spit. 雅语：使用者认为是比别的更为高雅的词或表达方式，例如用 expectorate 代替 spit. 〔shorthand〕"The classical error is to regard a scientific law as only a shorthand for its instances"(Jacob Bronowski)“在看待科学法则上的传统错误是把它只当作它的实例的一个简略的表达方式”(雅各·布洛诺夫斯基)〔compliment〕An expression of praise, admiration, or congratulation.恭维：赞美、羡慕或祝贺的表达方式〔trashed〕Expressions for intoxication are among those that best showcase the creativity of slang. The boundless inventiveness in expressing the ordinary in not-so-ordinary ways led Walt Whitman to describe slang as"an attempt of common humanity to escape from bald literalism, and express itself illimitably.” Colloquial and slang expressions meaning "intoxicated" can fill several pages in slang thesauruses. Most fall into a few general groups. Common are expressions that originally meant "damaged, badly affected by something,” such as trashed, smashed, crocked, blitzed, hammered, wasted, messed up, and blasted. Cooking terms are also common, such as baked, fried, and boiled (said to have been coined at Princeton University in the 1920s). Terms relating to liquids or being filled are a natural source of metaphors for filling oneself up with drink or drugs: sloshed, oiled, tanked, and loaded are but a few. Some terms are not easily classified or have origins that are not fully clear, such as tight (first appearing in the 1830s), plastered (first appearing around 1912), blotto (perhaps from blot, first appearing in 1917), and stoned (apparently taken from such expressions as stone-drunk, stone-cold, and first appearing as stone in 1945). Most current terms for "intoxicated" are not very old, as one expects of slang terms generally; of those in the lists above, blotto, crocked, fried, loaded, plastered, tanked, tight, and oiled are recorded in the first half of the 20th century, and of these only tight and oiled are known to have existed before then. 表示喝醉的词语充分体现了俚语的创造性。用非同寻常的方式创造极为寻常的俚语，其间蕴藏了无限创造空间，华尔特·惠特曼将俚语描述为“让平常心从文字束缚中逃离，并随性表达出来” 。表示“喝醉的，酒醉的”的口语以及俚语的表达方式，可以填满俚语同义词的数页空间。大多数俚语可归入几个分类。许多常见俚语的原意为“被破坏的，受某物负面影响”，如 trashed、smashed、crocked、blitzed、hammered、wasted、messed up 以及 blasted 。烹饪词汇也很普遍，如 baked、fried 和 boiled （据说由普林斯顿大学于20世纪20年代创造）。与液体或注入有关的词语是隐喻表示过多饮酒或吸毒而形成的自然来源： sloshed、oiled、tanked 和 loaded 只是其中少数例子。有些词语不易界定其类别或其原意较不清楚，如 tight （首次出现于19世纪30年代）、 plastered （首次出现于1912年）、 blotto （可能源自 blot ，首次出现于1917年）以及 stoned （显然来自词语 stone-drunk和stone-cold ，并于1945年首次以 stone 的形式出现）。正如大家对俚语的普遍看法，大多数表示“喝醉的，酒醉的”的现行词语都较新；在如上所列词汇中， blotto、crocked、fried、loaded、plastered、tanked、tight 和 oiled 首次见载于19世纪中叶，只有 tight 和 oiled 是所知早于那个时期 〔back〕The expressionback of is an informal variant of in back of and is best avoided in writing: There was a small stable in back of (not simply back of ) the house. 表达方式back of 是 in back of 的一种不正式的变形方式， 最好避免在书面语中运用，如： There was a small stable in back of（不要简单地说成 back of ） the house （房后有一个小马厩） 〔coin〕Two-word verbs are valid linguistic coin in the 20th century.双词动词在20世纪是有效的语言表达方式〔vulgarism〕A word, phrase, or manner of expression used chiefly by uneducated people.俗语：主要是没受过教育的人用的词汇、短语或表达方式〔Irishry〕An Irish trait, custom, or locution; an Irishism.爱尔兰特性：爱尔兰（人）的特性，习俗或措词；爱尔兰人的传统或表达方式〔beignet〕New Orleans, Louisiana, has been a rich contributor of French loan words and local expressions to American English.One variety of speech in this city is so distinctive that it has a name:yat. Many of the words, such asbeignet, café au lait, faubourg, lagniappe, and krewe, reflect the New World French cuisine and culture characterizing this city and much of southern Louisiana. Other words reflect distinctive physical characteristics of the city:banquette, a raised sidewalk, and camelback and shotgun, distinctive architectural styles found among New Orleans houses. 路易斯安娜州的新奥尔良对法语词汇和当地表达方式溶入美式英语起了很大贡献。这个城市里的语言是如此独特以致人们叫它yat。 许多词如beignet，cafè au lait，faubourg，lagniappe 和 krewe 反映了该城和南路易丝安娜州大部地区的新大陆上法式的烹饪和文化特色。 其它词反映了该城独特的外貌和特征：banquette 高起的人行道， camelback 和 shotgun 新奥尔良房屋的独特建筑形式 〔turn〕A distinctive, graceful, or artistic expression or arrangement of words:措辞：与众不同的、优雅的或艺术性的表达方式或词语安排：〔adage〕It is sometimes claimed that the expressionold adage is redundant, inasmuch as a saying must have a certain tradition behind it to count as anadage in the first place. But the word adage is first recorded by the OED in the phrase old adage, showing that this redundancy itself is very old.Such idiomatic redundancy is paralleled by similar phrases such asyoung whelp. 有时人们认为old adage 这种表达方式很累赘， 因为谚语首先必须具有一定的传统才能成为adage 。 但是adage 这个词首次是以 old adage 这个词组形式收录于 《牛津英语词典》， 由此可表明这种累赘本身就很古老。这种谚语上的累赘与类似的词组对等，如年轻的幼犬 〔deceptively〕There appears to be a great deal of confusion about the sense ofdeceptively when it is used to modify an adjective. Does the sentenceThe proof is deceptively simple mean that the proof is simpler or more difficult than it appears?The Usage Panel was asked to choose among paraphrases for the sentenceThe pool is deceptively shallow: 50 percent said that it means "The pool is shallower than it appears";32 percent said that it means "The pool is deeper than it appears";and 18 percent found it ambiguous.Thus the writer who used such a sentence in a warning notice could expect that at least half the public would either misinterpret the messageor would be uncertain as to which sense was intended.Where the context does not make the meaning clear,a substitute should be used,asThe pool is shallower than it looks or The proof is simple, despite appearances. 当用deceptively 修饰一形容词时，该词的意思似乎大有令人困惑之处。 The proof is deceptively simple 一句中，是比它看起来更容易的意思呢， 还是比它看起来更难的意思呢?有人曾要求用法专题使用小组的成员对The pool is deceptively shallow 一句的释义进行选择， 百分之五十的成员认为该句意为：“池塘看起来很浅”；百分之三十二的成员认为该句意为：“池塘看起很深”；而百分之十八的成员则认为该句意义含混模糊。因此，把这句话写在警告牌上的作者可能会发现至少有一半的公众不是误解这则信息，就是不能确定这句话的意图究竟是什么。在上下文不能使意义明了的地方，应该换一种表达方式，如这个池塘比它看起来要浅 或 证明很简单，尽管看起来有些难 〔materialize〕This usage has been criticized,but it is well established in reputable writing and follows a familiar pattern of metaphoric extension.The same logic that allows us to sayThe plans did not materialize allows us to use equivalent and unobjectionable paraphrases with expressions such as take form and take shape. 这种用法曾经受到批评，但是它曾在一些享有声望的作品中很好地被运用并且跟随了隐喻引申含义的常见模式。我们说计划没有实现 时所用的逻辑允许我们使用相同的、无任何异议的其他表达方式，例如 take form 和 take shape 〔byword〕A proverbial expression; a proverb.俗谚：类似于谚语的表达方式；谚语〔locution〕A particular word, phrase, or expression, especially one that is used by a particular person or group.语言表达方式：一个特殊的词、短语或表达方式，尤指为某一特定的人或团体所特有的〔vernacular〕An idiomatic word, phrase, or expression.习语，成语：惯用的词语、短语或表达方式〔kenning〕A figurative, usually compound expression used in place of a name or noun, especially in Old English and Old Norse poetry; for example,storm of swords is a kenning for battle. 隐喻语：尤指古英语和古斯堪的纳维亚语诗中，一种比喻性的，在表名字或名词时常用的复合表达方式，如“剑的风暴” 是 “战争” 的隐喻语 〔weep〕To shed (tears) as an expression of emotion:流（泪）：流（泪）作为激情的一种表达方式：〔pen〕An instrument for writing regarded as a means of expression:笔杆子：用作表达方式的写作工具：〔modernism〕Often Modernism The deliberate departure from tradition and the use of innovative forms of expression that distinguish many styles in the arts and literature of the 20th century. 常作 Modernism 现代主义：与传统方式明显不同，使用创新表达方式的20世纪多种风格的文学艺术形式〔highfalutin〕H.L. Mencken, in his famous bookThe American Language, mentions highfalutin as an example of the many native U.S. words coined during the 19th-century period of vigorous growth. Althoughhighfalutin is characteristic of American folk speech, it is not a true regionalismbecause it has always occurred in all regions of the country,with its use and popularity spurred by its appearance in print.The origin ofhighfalutin, like that of many folk expressions, is obscure. It has been suggested that the second element,-falutin, comes from the verbflute —hence high-fluting, a comical indictment of one who thinks too highly of oneself. H.L.曼肯，在其名著美国的语言 一书中指出， highfalutin 一词是众多的创造于19世纪迅速成长时期的美国本土的词汇的一个例子。 尽管highfalutin 一词是典型的美国民间用语， 但它不是方言土语，因为它总是出现在国家的各个地区。出现在印刷品上更促进了它的使用。highfalutin 一词的起源，象许多民间表达方式一样不为人所知， 曾有人说该词的第二词素-falutin， 来源于动词flute ——由此 high-fluting， 特指太自高自大的人 〔wit〕These nouns are compared as they denote forms of expression that elicit amusement or laughter.这些名词在这里表示能引人兴味和发笑的表达方式的意思时是可被比较的。〔run〕To take a particular form, order, or expression:写着，说着：采用某一特定形式、顺序或表达方式：〔coin〕A mode of expression considered standard:表现方式：认为是标准的表达方式： |
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