| 单词 | 行话 |
| 释义 | 〔argot〕A specialized vocabulary or set of idioms used by a particular group:隐语，行话：在某一特定群体内使用的专门词汇或短语组：〔gam〕Probably from Polari (theatrical argot) 可能源自 珀拉利（戏剧界行话） 〔lingo〕spoke to me in the lingo of fundamentalism.See Synonyms at dialect 用基要主义的行话与我交谈 参见 dialect〔bludgeon〕The origin of some words is simply not known,andbludgeon is one such word. An interesting suggestion is that this word for a club used as a weapon comes from cant,the secret jargon of people such as thieves and beggars,and is related to the wordblood. We do know thatbludgeon is first recorded in a dictionary in 1730, while its first recorded use in running text (1755) is simple and to the point: "These villains . . . knocked him down with a bludgeon.”有一些词的词源不详，bludgeon 就是这样一个词。 一个很有意思的说法认为这个词作武器用棒解释时来源于黑话，是窃贼和乞丐们的秘密行话，与blood 这个词有关联。 然而我们确实知道bludgeou 首次收载于词典中是1730年， 而它第一次用于行文时意思简单明了(1755年）：“这些恶棍…用短棒将他们击倒”〔moniker〕Probably from Shelta munik [name] 可能源自 行话 munik [名字] 〔incomprehensible〕incomprehensible jargon.难以理解的行话〔language〕The special vocabulary and usages of a scientific, professional, or other group:术语，行话：科学的、职业的或其他群体的特殊词汇和用法：〔patter〕The jargon of a particular group; cant.黑话，行话：某一特殊团体的行话；黑话〔rent〕When young people talk about theirrents, that is, their parents, they are using a slang term that is of interest to language historians, if not necessarily thrilling for parents themselves. The term is a prime example of one of the fundamental characteristics of slang, which continually creates novel ways of expressing what are often rather ordinary things (if parents may be considered ordinary things). Slang has recently produced two expressions for "parents" that have gained wide currency— rents and parental units. Both expressions demonstrate slang's use of unusual or creative linguistic means to achieve novelty of expression. While there are many slang terms, such as bod for body or rad for radical, that result from the clipping of unstressed syllables, rents is a clipping that drops a stressed syllable, much like the similar term za, "pizza.” The desire to coin new ways of referring to things also leads speakers of slang to use circumlocutions like knuckle sandwich for "punch.” Parental units falls into this category. It plays on the jargon of bureaucrats and social science, in which the world is viewed as so much data waiting to be quantified. The appearance of terms such as rents and parental units also shows that all available styles and levels of language can be grist for slang's mill—so long as the material is perceived as irreverent, funny, or just plain cool. 年轻人谈论他们的rents （即父母）时，即使肯定不会令他们的父母感到兴奋，他们却使用了一个令语言历史学家很感兴趣的俚语。Rents是俚语一个基本特色的典范，这一基本特色就是不断创造新颖词汇来表示通常极为普通的事物（如果父母会被认为是普通事物的话）。最近俚语中产生了两个"父（母）亲"的词语并被普遍使用── rents 和 parental units 。这两个词语表明俚语用不同寻常的或创造性的语言工具来获取表达上的新颖。虽然因省略非重读音节产生了许多俚语词汇，如用 bod 指body、用 rad 指radical，但 rents 却是省略重读音节后的部分，非常类似相近词汇 za "pizza（比萨饼）"。期望创造指代事物的新词也使得满口俚语的人运用赘语，如用 knuckle sandwich 指"punch（用拳击）"。 Parental units 也属于赘语的范围。它用作官僚主义者的行话以及科学术语，因为对于官僚主义者和科学工作者来讲世界就是等待量化的大量数据。诸如 rents 和 parental units 这些俚语的出现也表明语言现有的全部风格和水平都是俚语的有益补充──只要认为内容是不敬的、有趣的或者纯粹扮酷的 〔jargon〕The specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group.See Synonyms at dialect 行话：一个行业、职业或类似的团体中使用的专业的或技术的语言 参见 dialect〔prioritize〕It can be argued thatprioritize serves a useful function in providing a single word to mean "arrange according to priority,” but like many other recent formations with-ize, it is widely regarded as corporate or bureaucratic jargon.In an earlier survey,prioritize was unacceptable to the great majority of the Usage Panel. See Usage Note at -ize 人们当然可以争论prioritize 在提供一个单字以表示“按优先次序排列”上的有用功能， 但是象许多其他新近形成的以-ize 结尾的词一样， 它被广泛地认为是公司或官僚主义的行话。在较早的一次调查中发现，用法专题使用小组中绝大多数认为prioritize 不可接受 参见 -ize〔kludge〕The wordkludge is not "etymologist-friendly,” having many possible origins,none of which can be definitively established.This term, found frequently in the jargon of the engineering and computer professions,denotes a usually workable but makeshift system, modification, solution, or repair.Kludge has had a relatively short life (first recorded in 1962 although it is said to have been used as early as 1944 or 1945) for a word with so many possible origins. The proposed sources of the word, Germanklug, kluge, "intelligent, clever,” or a blend ofklutz and nudge or klutz and refudge, do not contain all the necessary sounds to give us the word,correctly pronounced at least.The notions thatkludge may have been coined by a computer technician or that it might be the last name of a designer of graphics hardware seem belied by the possibility that it is older than such origins would allow.It seems most likely that the wordkludge originally was formed during the course of a specific situation in which such a device was called for.The makers of the word,if still alive,are no doubt unaware that etymologists need informationso they can stop trying to "kludge" an etymology together.单词kludge 不是“词源学家的朋友”， 有很多可能的来源，每一个都不能准确成立。这个词，经常在工程和电脑业的行话中找到，表示一个通常能工作但是临时凑合的系统、修改、解答或修理。作为一个有这么多可能的来源的词，kludge 却有一个相对小的年纪（1962年第一次有记载，尽管据说早到1944年或1945年就已经使用）。 该词被推荐的来源是德文klug, kluge “聪明的，灵巧的”， 或者klutz 和 nudge 的混合或 klutz 和 refudge 的混合， 没有包含能向我们给出这个词的所有必需的声音，至少是正确的发音。kludge 可能是由电脑技术人员杜撰的或者它可能是图形显示硬件的一名设计者的姓， 这些看法由于它比这些来源能允许的时间要早的可能性而被误解。看起来最可能的是单词kludge ， 最早是在需要这样的设备的特定环境中形成的。这一单词的制造者，如果还健在的话，毫无疑问意识不到词源学家需要此类信息，这样他们才能终止“临时搭配”成一个词源的努力〔cant〕The special terminology understood among the members of a profession, discipline, or class but obscure to the general population; jargon.See Synonyms at dialect 术语，行话：在一个职业、学科或阶层的成员间能被理解的特殊术语，但对一般大众来说却晦涩难懂；专门术语 参见 dialect〔impenetrable〕impenetrable jargon.令人费解的行话〔slang〕Language peculiar to a group; argot or jargon:行话：某一组织所特有的语言；隐语或术语：〔jive〕The jargon of jazz musicians and enthusiasts.摇摆乐行话：爵士乐师及乐迷的行话〔lingo〕A look at the entry in the Indo-European roots entry fordöghū- will show that the wordstongue, language, and lingo are related, all going back to the Indo-European rootdöghū-, "tongue.” The relationship betweenlanguage and lingo is not particularly surprising given their related meanings and common root, but one might be curious as to the routes by which these two words came into English.Language, as did so many of our important borrowings from Latin, passed through French into English during the Middle Ages, the forms involved being Latinlingua, "language,” its descendant, Old French langue, and its derivative, langage. Lingo, on the other hand, entered English after the end of the Middle Ages when Europe had opened itself to the larger world. We have probably borrowedlingo from lingoa, a Portuguese descendant of Latin lingua. The Portuguese were great traders before the English were,and it is not unlikely that the sense "foreign language" was strengthened as the Portuguese traveled around the world.Interestingly enough,the first recorded instance oflingo in English is in the New World (1660) in a reference to the "Dutch lingo.” The development in sense to "unintelligible language" and "specialized language" is an obvious one.当我们看到印欧语系词根条目dnghu- 时， 我们就可以看出tongue，language 和 lingo 之间的联系， 它们都拥有共同的印欧语系词根dnghu- “舌头”。 当我们知道language 和 lingo 拥有共同的词根并且在意思上有关联时，我们就不会惊异于他们之间的联系， 但我们可能会对这两个词是通过何种方式进入英语的感到很好奇。和许多重要的从拉丁语借来的词一样，language 是在中世纪时通过法语传入英语的， 变换的形式为拉丁语的lingua “语言”、它的变体，古法语中的 langue 和它的派生词 langage。 另一方面，Lingo是在欧洲向一个更广阔的世界开放自己的时候即在中世纪结束后期进入英语的。 我们可能从拉丁文lingua 的葡萄牙语变体 lingoa 借入了 lingo 。 葡萄牙人是英国人之前的大商人，当他们在周游世界的同时，很可能那种“外语”的意义得到了加强。很有趣的是，最先出现在英语中的lingo 新大陆（1660年）一书中用来指“荷兰语”。 所以变成“难懂的话”和“行话”的意思的发展过程是很明显的〔Shelta〕From Shelta Sheldrū 源自 行话 Sheldrū 〔shoptalk〕The jargon used in a specific business or field.行业术语、行话：某一个特定行业或领域使用的术语〔lingo〕The specialized vocabulary of a particular field or discipline:行话：某一领域或行业的专用词汇：〔dialect〕The language peculiar to an occupational group or a particular social class; jargon:某一职业（或集团）人员的用语：一个专业集团或特定的社会阶级特有的语言；行话：〔register〕A variety of language used in a specific social setting:行话，术语：在特定的社会背景中使用的各种语言：〔vernacular〕The idiom of a particular trade or profession:行话；术语：某一具体的行业或职业的习语： |
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