| 单词 | 范例 |
| 释义 | 〔paragon〕A model of excellence or perfection of a kind; a peerless example:典型，模范：一类中杰出或完美的模式；无可匹敌的范例：〔copybook〕An exercise book containing models of penmanship, used in teaching handwriting.习字簿：一种练习字时用的有书法范例的练习簿〔beauty〕An outstanding or conspicuous example:突出的范例：一个卓越的或显著的例子：〔preview〕To provide a preliminary sample or overview of:（教师在正式讲课前所作的）课程概况简介：提供初步的范例或概述：〔sample〕An entity that is representative of a class; a specimen.See Synonyms at example 实例，范例：代表一个种类的例子；范例 参见 example〔sampler〕both from Late Latin exemplārium [model, copy] 都源自 后期拉丁语 exemplārium [范例，复本] 〔model〕One serving as an example to be imitated or compared:模范，典型：用作被模仿或比较的范例：〔edit〕The wordedit is often cited as an example of back-formation. In other words, edit is not the source ofeditor, asdive is of diver, the expected derivational pattern;rather, the reverse is the case. Edit in the sense "to prepare for publication,” first recorded in 1793,comes fromeditor, first recorded in 1712 in the sense "one who edits.”There is more to the story, however. Edit also partly comes from the French wordéditer, "to publish, edit,” first recorded in 1784.In the case ofedit, two processes, borrowing and back-formation, have thus occurred either independently or together,perhaps one person takingedit from French originally, another fromeditor, and yet a third from both.单词edit 常用来作为逆构词的一个范例， 换句话说， edit 并不是editor 的语源， 就象dive 不是 diver 的语源， 这是我们臆想中的派生模式；当然，这种逆构词只是一种范例而已。 Edit 作为“准备出版物”的意义最早记录于1793年，这是从editor 来的， 它在1712年就以“编辑者”的意义首次记录。但这里还有更多的故事。 Edit 的一部分来源于法语词éditer ，即“出版、编辑”， 它最早记录于1784年。在edit 这个词中含有两种造词过程，外借和逆构， 可能是分开进行也可能是同时起作用，或许一个人从原法语词中借用了edit 这个字， 而另一人则从editor 中造出新字， 第三个人却从两个词源中得到这个字〔example〕"Of the despotism to which unrestrained military power leads we have plenty of examples" (Samuel Eliot Morison).Aninstance is an example that is cited to prove or invalidate a contention or to illustrate a point: “我们有许多因不受控制的军事力量而导致专政的例子” （塞缪尔·埃利奥特·莫里森）。instance 是指被引述来证明论点、使论点无效或用来表明观点的一个范例： 〔senile〕In earlier writings one finds phrases such as "asenile maturity of judgment" and "green and vigorous senility, ” demonstrating that these two words have not always been burdened with their current negative connotations. Senile and senility are examples of pejoration, the process by which a word's meaning changes for the worse over time.Even thoughsenile (first recorded in 1661) and senility (first recorded in 1778) initially had neutral senses such as "pertaining to old age,” it is probable that the weakness (in particular the mental weakness) that sometimes accompanies old age eventually caused negative senses to predominate.Certainly some pejorative associations were present in Latinsenīlis, "relating to an old man, aged,” the ultimate source of both words, and in related Latin words such assenēscere, which could mean "to deteriorate with age.” But it seems that pejorative associations have taken over these words in English through general usage,perhaps because average life expectancy has risen steadily over the years.在较早的文学作品中人们可以找到形如“判断力Senile（老练） 成熟”和“精力旺盛的有魄力的 Senility（老态龙钟） ”的短语，表明这两个词一直没有表示他们流行的消极的含义。 Senile 和 senility 是词义转贬的范例， 即一个词的意思随时间变化变得越来越坏。尽管senile （首次记载于1661年）和 senility （首次记载于1778年）最初具有中性的意义，例如“关于老年的”， 可能是伴随老年出现的衰弱（特别是智力衰弱）最终导致了反面的意思居支配地位。当然有一些词义转贬的联系表现在拉丁文中的senilis （“关于老人的，老年的”），是这两个词的最早的词源， 和与之相关的拉丁词如senecer ，意为“随年纪恶化”。 但是看起来在英语中通过广泛的使用词义转贬的联系已经取代了这些词，可能是由于平均估计寿命随时代发展稳步上升〔epitome〕A representative or an example of a class or type:典型：一类或一群的代表或范例：〔paradigm〕An example that serves as pattern or model.范例，样式：作为样本或模式的例子〔hold〕held the essay up as a model for the students.把这篇论文给学生作范例〔sample〕sample test questions; a sample piece of fabric.问题范例；一片纺织样本〔sample〕Serving as a representative or an example:作为代表或范例的：〔paradigm〕A list of all the inflectional forms of a word taken as an illustrative example of the conjugation or declension to which it belongs.词形变化表：一个作为其所在动词变形或词尾变形中的范例的单词的所有变形的形式表〔pilot〕Serving as a tentative model for future experiment or development:试验性的：为将来的试验或发展做尝试性范例的：〔Lardner〕American humorist and writer whose satirical short stories were published in collections, includingYou Know Me, Al (1916) and How to Write Short Stories (with Samples) (1924). 拉德纳，林戈德·威尔默：(1885-1933) 美国幽默大师和作家，他的讽刺短篇小说以文集形式出版，包括《阿尔，你了解我》 （1916年）和 《怎样写短篇小说（范例）》 （1924年） 〔example〕an instance of flagrant corruption. Acase is an action, an occurrence, or a condition that constitutes a specific instance of something being discussed, decided, or treated: 一个严重腐化的实例。 case 是指一种构成正在被讨论、决定或处理的事物的特殊范例的行为、过程或状态： 〔example〕This poem is a fair specimen of his work. See also Synonyms at ideal 这首诗是他著作中的杰出范例 参见同义词 ideal〔epitomize〕To be a typical example of:代表：是…的典型范例： |
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