| 单词 | 胆汁 |
| 释义 | 〔gallstone〕A small, hard, pathological concretion, composed chiefly of cholesterol, calcium salts, and bile pigments, formed in the gallbladder or in a bile duct.胆结石：一种在胆囊或胆道中形成的小且硬的病理上的结石，主要由胆固醇、盐酸钙和胆汁色素沉淀组成〔secretion〕A substance, such as saliva, mucus, tears, bile, or a hormone, that is secreted.分泌物：被分泌的物质，如唾液、黏液、眼泪、胆汁或一种荷尔蒙〔humor〕A body fluid, such as blood, lymph, or bile.体液：一种体液，如血液、淋巴液或胆汁〔humor〕One of the four fluids of the body, blood, phlegm, choler, and black bile, whose relative proportions were thought in ancient physiology to determine a person's disposition and general health.基本的体液：血液、粘液、胆汁和黑胆汁四种体液之一，古代生理学家认为它们的相对比例决定一个人的性情和健康状况〔bile〕Either of two bodily humors, black bile or yellow bile, in medieval physiology.发怒液：在古代生理学中人体黑色胆汁和黄色胆汁的任一种〔biliverdin〕Latin bīlis [bile] 拉丁语 bīlis [胆汁] 〔acholia〕Greek kholē [bile] * see ghel- 2希腊语 kholē [胆汁] * 参见 ghel- 2〔bilious〕Of, relating to, or containing bile; biliary.胆汁的：胆汁的、与之相关的或包含之的；胆汁的〔biliary〕Of or relating to bile, the bile ducts, or the gallbladder.胆汁、胆管或胆囊的：胆汁、胆管或胆囊的或与之相关的〔choler〕from kholē [bile] * see ghel- 2源自 kholē [胆汁] * 参见 ghel- 2〔cholera〕Latin [cholera, jaundice] * see choler 拉丁语 [胆汁，黄疸] * 参见 choler〔phycobilin〕Latin bīlis [bile] 拉丁语 bīlis [胆汁] 〔phycobilin〕Any of a group of water-soluble proteinaceous pigments that occur in red algae and cyanobacteria.藻青素，藻胆汁三烯：可溶于水的一种蛋白质类色素，红水藻和藻青菌中含有此物质〔bilirubin〕Latin bīlis [bile] 拉丁语 bīlis [胆汁] 〔sanguine〕Perhaps one has wondered what the connection betweensanguinary, "bloodthirsty,” and sanguine, "cheerfully optimistic,” could be. The connection can be found in medieval physiology with its notion of the four humors (blood, bile, phlegm, and black bile).These four body fluids were thought to determine a person's temperament,or distinguishing mental and physical characteristics.Thus, if blood was the predominant humor, one had a ruddy face and a disposition marked by courage, hope, and a readiness to fall in love.Such a temperament was calledsanguine, the Middle English ancestor of our wordsanguine. The sources of the Middle English word were Old Frenchsanguin and Latin sanguineus, the source of the French word. Both the Old French and Latin words meant "bloody,” "blood-colored,”Old Frenchsanguin having the sense "sanguine in temperament" as well. Latinsanguineus in turn was derived from sanguīs, "blood,” just as English sanguinary is. The English adjectivesanguine, first recorded in Middle English before 1350, went on to refer simply to the cheerfulness and optimism that accompanied a sanguine temperament,no longer having any direct reference to medieval physiology.也许有人对sanguinary （“嗜血的”）和 sanguine （“愉快乐观的”）两词之间的联系感到不解。 这种联系可以追溯到中世纪生理学中四种体液的概念（多血质型、胆汁型、黏液型和抑郁型）。这四种体液被认为可决定人的性格，或者能区分出精神和肉体上的特征。因此，如果血液是最主要的体液，一个人就应有红润的脸庞和以勇敢、充满希望、易于陷入情网为特征的性情。这种性情被称为sanguine ， 也就是我们sanguine 一词的中世纪英语的原形。 中世纪英语中该词源于古法语sanguin 一词和拉丁文 sanguineus （法语词的来源）。 在古法语和拉丁文中，该词意思都是“流血的”、“血色的”，古法语sanguin 还含有“生性乐天派的”之意。 拉丁文的sanguineus 也是由 sanguis （“血的”）而来，正如英语中的 sanguinary 一词。 英语形容词sanguine 最初记载于1350年以前的中古英语中， 演化为仅指伴随乐天派性情而具有的愉快和乐观之义，与中世纪生理学没有直接联系〔cholestasis〕Suppression of biliary flow.胆汁郁积：胆汁分泌物的郁积阻塞〔cholecystokinin〕A hormone produced principally by the small intestine in response to the presence of fats, causing contraction of the gallbladder, release of bile, and secretion of pancreatic digestive enzymes. Also called pancreozymin 缩胆囊素：主要由小肠对脂肪存在作出反应而产生的一种激素，会导致胆囊收缩、胆汁释放以及胰消化酶的分泌 也作 pancreozymin〔bilirubin〕A reddish-yellow bile pigment, C33H 36N 4O 6, derived from the degradation of heme. 胆红素：一种浅黄红色胆汁色素，C33H 36N 4O 6，由血红素退化衍生而成 〔jaundice〕Yellowish discoloration of the whites of the eyes, skin, and mucous membranes caused by deposition of bile salts in these tissues. It occurs as a symptom of various diseases, such as hepatitis, that affect the processing of bile. Also called icterus 黄疸：眼白、皮肤和黏膜的淡黄褪色现象，由在这些组织中的胆盐沉积引起。黄疸是多种疾病发作的症状（如肝炎），它影响胆汁的分泌过程 也作 icterus〔biliverdin〕A green pigment, C33H 34N 4O 6, occurring in bile and sometimes formed by oxidation of bilirubin. 胆绿素：一种绿色色素，C33H 34N 4O 6，存在于胆汁中，有时由胆红素氧化而形成 〔acholia〕A decrease in or an absence of bile secretion.无胆汁：胆汁分泌的减少或是没有胆汁分泌〔choler〕from Latin cholera [cholera, jaundice] 源自 拉丁语 cholera [胆汁，黄疸] 〔bile〕A bitter, alkaline, brownish-yellow or greenish-yellow fluid that is secreted by the liver, stored in the gallbladder, and discharged into the duodenum and aids in the emulsification, digestion, and absorption of fats. Also called gall 1胆汁：贮存在胆囊里由肝脏分泌的苦的、碱性、黄褐色或黄绿色液体，由十二指肠排出以帮助分解、消化和吸收脂肪 也作 gall1〔taurine〕Greek tauros [bull (from its having been obtained first from ox bile)] * see tauro- 希腊语 tauros [公牛（来源于它首次在牛的胆汁中获取）] * 参见 tauro- 〔melancholy〕kholē [bile] * see ghel- 2kholē [胆汁] * 参见 ghel- 2 |
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