| 单词 | 翻译家 |
| 释义 | 〔Chapman〕English writer, dramatist, and translator noted for his translations of Homer'sIliad (1598-1611) and Odyssey (1616). 查普曼，乔治：(1559?-1634) 英国作家、戏剧家和翻译家，以其翻译的荷马史诗《伊利亚特》 （1598-1611年）和 《奥德赛》 （1616年）而闻名 〔North〕English translator whose edition of the works of Plutarch served as a source for many of Shakespeare's plays.诺思爵士，托马斯：(1535?-1601?) 英国翻译家，他的关于蒲鲁特克著作的版本被用作许多莎士比亚戏剧的来源〔Cotton〕English poet and translator known for his poems on country life as well as his translation (1685) of Montaigne's essays.科顿，查尔斯：(1630-1687) 英国诗人和翻译家，以其描写农村生活的诗和所译蒙田的散文（1685年）而著名〔Mandelstam〕Russian poet, translator, and critic. Although his early works were highly regarded, he went unpublished in the Soviet Union after 1933, when he denounced Stalin and refused to comply with Soviet censors. He endured years of internal exile and eventually died in a concentration camp.曼德斯坦：俄罗斯诗人、翻译家和评论家。他的早期作品受到高度评价，但1933年后因其指责斯大林并拒绝遵守苏联出版品检查，在苏联未有作品问世。经历了国内的多年流放后最终死于集中营.〔sunbeam〕The period of European history from the 5th to the 11th century,although often called the Dark Ages,in fact did much to preserve and extend the light of civilization.One of the relatively minor contributions of the time, albeit a fortunate one for us, is the addition of the wordsunbeam to the English language. The word is believed to have entered English in the 9th century through the work of the English king Alfred the Great. A scholar as well as a king, Alfred undertook a number of translations of great Latin writings,rendering them into the English of his time, now known as Old English.Among the works translated during Alfred's reign was a store of narratives and information about England's earliest connections with the Church,called theHistoria Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum, or The Ecclesiastical History of the English People, a work composed by the Venerable Bede. Several times in his book Bede uses the Latin phrasecolumna lucis, which we would today translate as "a column of light.”Since the Old English translator did not have the wordcolumn in his vocabulary, he substituted the word beam, which meant "a tree" or "a building post made from a tree.”Columna lucis thus became sunnebeām, or "sun post,” which survives as our sunbeam. Ifsunbeam is perhaps a less stately expression than "column of light,” it has nevertheless served us well. From it the wordbeam alone came to mean "a ray or rays of light"; it subsequently became a verb meaning "to radiate.”It now allows us not only to beam with pride or happinessbut also to beam our broadcasts to other countries and ourselves, as some would have it, through space.Column would never do. 欧洲历史上从5世纪到11世纪这段时期，尽管经常成为黑暗的年代，但为保存和发展文明之光做了很多努力。这个时期相对不太重要的贡献之一，但对我们来说 十分幸运的就是阳光光束 这个单词加进了英语语言中。 人们相信这个词是通过英格兰国王阿尔费雷德大帝的努力于9世纪进入英语的。阿尔费雷德不仅是位国王，他还是位学者，他着手翻译了许多部重要的拉丁文作品，他将它们译成他那个时代的英文，即现在所说的古英语。在阿尔费雷德统治时期翻译的作品中，有一部有关于英格兰与教会的最早联系的丰富叙述和信息，书名是Historia Ecclesiastic Gentis Anglorum 或 The Ecclesiastical History of the English People （英国人民的基督教历史），作者是尊敬的比德。 在这本书中，比德数次使用了拉丁文短语columna hucis ， 今天我们将其译为“一束阳光”。因为古英语翻译家在他所掌握的词汇中还没有column （柱子）这个词，所以他用 beam 这个词代替， 当时的意思是“树”或“用树做成的建筑物的支柱”。Columna lucis 就这样成了 sunnebeam 或“光束”， 它以 sunbeam 的形式存在。 或许sunbeam（阳光光束） 这种表达方法不如“光柱”这么堂皇，但是它很合我们用。 由此，beam 这个词单独也可作“一束光或多束光”讲， 而且它逐渐地变成了动词，意思是“发射，发光”。现在我们不仅可以说因骄傲或幸福而散发光彩，还可以说通过大气向其它国家和我们自己广播，如果他们进行的话。Column 可不行 〔Castilho〕Portuguese author and translator who became a leader of the romantic movement in Portugal. He is known for his poems and his translations of Virgil, Ovid, and Shakespeare.卡斯帝霍，安东尼奥·费里西亚诺·德：(1800-1875) 葡萄牙作家和翻译家，葡萄牙浪漫主义运动的领袖。以其诗歌作品和对维吉尔、奥维德和莎士比亚的作品翻译而著名〔Heredia〕Cuban-born French poet and translator. A leading Parnassian, he is known for his sonnets, published inLes Trophées (1893). 埃雷亚，若斯·玛丽·德：(1842-1905) 古巴裔法国诗人、翻译家。巴纳斯派的先驱，因他发表名为《锦幡集》 （1893年）的十四行诗而著名 〔Brooks〕American literary historian, critic, and translator who wrote many books on the literary history of America, includingThe Flowering of New England (1936), for which he won a Pulitzer Prize. 布鲁克斯，范·威科：(1886-1963) 美国文学史家、批评家和翻译家。曾写有多部关于美国文学史的著作，作品有《新英格兰的繁荣》 （1936年），该书获普利策奖 〔Archer〕British critic, dramatist, and translator whose best-known play isThe Green Goddess (1921). 阿契尔，威廉：(1856-1924) 英国评论家、戏剧家及翻译家，其最著名戏剧是《绿女神》 （1921年） 〔Wieland〕German writer and translator whose works include ornate poetry, novels, such as the satireRepublic of Fools (1774), and translations of many Shakespearian plays. 维兰德，克里斯托·马丁：(1733-1813) 德国作家和翻译家，其作品包括词藻华丽的诗歌、小说，如讽刺小说《傻子共和国》 （1774年），另外还翻译了许多莎士比亚的剧本 〔Rexroth〕American writer and translator known especially for his poetry, collected in volumes such asThe Phoenix and the Tortoise (1944) and In Defense of Earth (1956). 雷克斯罗斯，肯尼思：(1905-1982) 美国作家及翻译家，尤以其诗作著称，集于合订本如《凤凰与乌龟》 （1944年）及 《地球防御》 （1956年） 〔Zukovsky〕American poet and translator noted for his poemA , which he wrote throughout his life and which was published in its entirety after his death. 朱科夫斯基，刘易斯：美国诗人和翻译家，以其诗歌《A》 闻名，这部诗作耗费他一生心血并在其死后全部出版 〔Baudelaire〕French writer, translator, and critic. His only volume of poetry,Les Fleurs du Mal (1857, expanded 1861), was publicly condemned as obscene but exerted an enormous influence over later symbolist and modernist poets such as T.S. Eliot. 波德莱尔，查尔斯·皮埃尔：(1821-1867) 法国的作家、翻译家和评论家。他仅有的一本诗集,《恶之华》 （1857出版，1861年扩版）被认为系淫书而受到谴责，但是他对于后来的象征主义和现代主义诗歌产生了巨大影响，如T.S.艾略特 |
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