| 单词 | 细微 |
| 释义 | 〔subtlety〕Something subtle, especially a nicety of thought or a fine distinction.细微之处：难以捉摸的事物，尤指想法的微妙或差别的细微〔split〕To see or make trivial distinctions; quibble.发现或找出细微的差距〔imperceptible〕So subtle, slight, or gradual as to be barely perceptible:不知不觉的：极细微的、轻的或缓慢的而几乎感觉不到的：〔colloid〕A suspension of finely divided particles in a continuous medium in which the particles are approximately 5 to 5,000 angstroms in size, do not settle out of the substance rapidly, and are not readily filtered.胶质：在一连续介质中被细微分开的粒子形成的悬浮状态，粒子尺度约5至5,000埃，不会很快从该物质中分离，也不易被滤出〔dare〕The auxiliary forms are used primarily in present tense questions, negations, imperatives, and conditional clauses.These forms differ subtly in meaning from the main verb formsin that they emphasize the attitude or involvement of the speakerwhile the main verb forms present a more objective situation.ThusHow dare she take the exam without ever once coming to class? expresses indignation at the student's action, whereasHow did she dare to take the exam without ever once coming to class? is a genuine request for information. Whendare is used as a transitive verb meaning "challenge,” only main verb forms are possible andto is required: 助动词形式主要用于一般现在时疑问句、否定句、祈使句和条件从句中。这些形式和实义动词形式的意思有细微的差别，即他们强调说话者的态度和参与，而实义动词形式给出一个较客观的形势。因此她怎么敢从未上过课就参加考试呢? 表示对该学生行为的愤怒， 然而她从未上过课怎么敢参加考试呢? 是一真实的信息需求， 当dare 用作及物动词意指“挑战”时， 只能是实义动词形式而且要接to ： 〔riblet〕One of a series of microscopic grooves, each a few thousandths of an inch wide, inscribed on the surface of an adhesive-backed tape and used on airplanes and boat hulls to reduce drag.拉条：一系列细微的沟（或槽），每一个为千分之几英寸宽，刻在带背胶的胶带的表面，并用在飞机及船的彀上的以降低拉力〔outside〕Very unlikely; remote:极少的，万一的：非常不可能的；细微的：〔fine〕Consisting of very small particles; not coarse:细微的，微粒的：包含非常小的粒子的；不粗糙的：〔different〕As a result, a simple noun phrase followingdifferent than is often construed as elliptical for a clause, which allows for a subtle distinction in meaning between the two constructions. 那么，接在different than 后的简单名词可以解释为是完整句子的省略。 两种结构在意思上有些细微的差别。 〔suggestion〕A hint or trace:微量；细微的迹象：〔shade〕To change or vary by slight degrees:产生细微差别：程度细微地改变或变化：〔delicate〕Very subtle in difference or distinction.细微的：难以区分或区别的〔tint〕A shade of a color, especially a pale or delicate variation.色调：一种色泽，尤指苍白或细微的变化〔circumstantiality〕The quality of being fully or minutely detailed.详尽：细节上全面或细微的性质〔streak〕A slight contrasting element; a trace:少许：相对细微的成份；痕迹：〔impressionism〕Often Impressionism A theory or style of painting originating and developed in France during the 1870's, characterized by concentration on the immediate visual impression produced by a scene and by the use of unmixed primary colors and small strokes to simulate actual reflected light. 常作 Impressionism 印象主义：一种绘画的理论或风格，19世纪70年代在法国源起并迅速发展，其特点是注重场景产生的瞬间视觉印象，并通过运用未经掺杂基本色彩和细微的笔划描绘天然反射的光线〔glochid〕One of the minute barbed hairs or bristles on certain plants, such as the prickly pear.具勾毛的，具刺的：长在某些植物上的细微刺毛或是硬毛，例如霸王树（仙人球）〔refinement〕A keen or precise phrasing; a subtle distinction.精细：精妙的用语；细微的差别〔nuance〕The central meaning shared by these nouns is "a slight variation or differentiation between nearly identical entities": 这些名词共同的中心含义是“两个几乎完全一致的实体间细微的变化或差别”： 〔intense〕The meanings ofintense and intensive overlap considerably, but the two are often subtly distinct.When used to describe human feeling or activity,intense often suggests a strength or concentration that arises from inner dispositions and is particularly appropriate when used to describe emotional states: intense 和 intensive 的意思在相当程度上是交叉的， 但是它们经常有细微的差别。当用来描述人的感情或活动时，intense 通常指由内在倾向而来的力量或专心， 它特别适于用来描写感情状态： 〔pinpoint〕Meticulously precise:精确的，细微的：〔subtlety〕The quality or state of being subtle.细微，微妙：微妙的性质或状态〔finesse〕Skillful, subtle handling of a situation; tactful, diplomatic maneuvering.手段，手腕：一种情况娴熟、细微地处理；有技巧和外交手段的巧计〔unsnag〕"unsnags fine legal problems for the lawyers presenting their cases"(Savvy)“为陈述各自案例的律师们解决细微的法律问题”(萨维)〔feeling〕What are your sentiments about the government's policies? The word can also refer to the delicate, sensitive, or higher or more refined feelings: 你对政府的政策有什么想法？ 此词也指细腻的、敏感的或更高级或更细微的感情： 〔wisp〕One that is thin, frail, or slight.纤弱的人，细微的东西：纤弱、瘦弱或轻微的人或物〔bistoury〕A long, narrow surgical knife for minor incisions.外科手术刀：用于细微切割的一种外科用细长刀〔nicety〕A fine point, small detail, or subtle distinction:微妙之处：精细的一点，小的细节或细微的差别：〔complex〕Complicated stresses elaborate relationship of parts: Complicated 强调各部分之间的细微关系： 〔need〕The auxiliary forms ofneed are used primarily in present-tense questions, negations, and conditional clauses. They differ subtly in meaning from the main verb forms in that they always refer to an externally imposed obligation.Hence one might sayYou needn't (or less formally, don't need to ) fill out both forms, but where the sense of necessity is internal to the subject,only the main verb can be used: Need 的助动词形式主要用于现在时态的疑问句、否定句和条件句中。 它们在意思上和用作实义动词的形式有细微的区别，它们总指外部加强的压力。因此我们可以说你没必要 （或不太正规的 don't need to ) 填两份表格 ， 但是对于物体来说需要的意思是内在的，所以只能用实义动词： 〔scan〕In the 1969 edition ofThe American Heritage Dictionary a dead issue was buried by our Usage Panel, 85 percent of whom thought it was acceptable to usescan in the sense "to look over quickly,” though the note stated that this was less formal usage.The usage issue was raised becausescan in an earlier sense meant "to examine closely.” From a historical perspective it is easy to see how these two opposite senses ofscan developed. The source of our word, Latinscandere, which meant "to climb,” came to mean "to scan a verse of poetry,” because one could beat the rhythm by lifting and putting down one's foot.The Middle English verbscannen, derived from scandere, came into Middle English in this sense (first recorded in a text composed before 1398). In the 16th century this highly specialized sense having to do with the close analysis of verse developed other senses,such as "to criticize, examine minutely, interpret, perceive.” From these senses having to do with examination and perception,it was an easy step to the sense "to look at searchingly" (first recorded in 1798),perhaps harking back still to the careful, detailed work involved in analyzing prosody.But a thorough search can change into a quick one, as it seems to have done in the case of the verbscan. 在1969年版的美国传统词典 中，我们的用法委员会放弃了一个已废弃的争议， 其中85%的人认为scan 意为“快速浏览”是可接受的， 虽然注释上说这是非正式的用法。之所以这么用是因为scan 在较早的意义上表示“仔细检查”。 从历史的角度了解scan 的两个相反意思如何发展是容易的。 这个单词的词源是拉丁语scandere ，意为“攀登”，后又演化为“标出诗之格律”， 因为人们可以通过抬起或放下脚来打拍子。中世纪英语动词scannen 即是在这个意义上从 scandere 转化而来的（首次被记载在一本1398年之前编辑的教科书上）。 在16世纪这个已经高度专门化并且用来表示仔细分析诗歌的词语又发展出了其它的意项，如“批评、细致入微地检查、翻译或理解”。从这些表示检查和察觉的意思，很容易就过渡到“细察”(1798年首次被记载）的意义，也可能返回到仔细分析诗体的细微工作。但就象这个动词scan 一样，彻底地搜查可能变成快速地浏览 〔fine〕Able to make or detect effects of great subtlety or precision; sensitive:敏锐的：能够找到或探明很细微之别或精确度的；敏感的：〔minute〕Exceptionally small; tiny.See Synonyms at small 微小的：异常小的，极细微的 参见 small〔nauseous〕Traditional critics have insisted thatnauseous is appropriately used only to mean "causing nausea" and that it is incorrect to use it to mean "affected with nausea,”as inRoller coasters make me nauseous. In this example,nauseated is preferred by 72 percent of the Usage Panel. What is curious, however,is that 88 percent of the Panelists indicated that they would prefernauseating in the sentenceThe children looked a little green from too many candy apples and nauseous rides. Thus it appears that like a handful of other words such astranspire, nauseous is actively used mainly in the sense in which it is considered incorrect. · While the use ofnauseous to mean "affected with nausea" may incur critical displeasure, it should be pointed out in its defense not only that it is quite common among educated speakersbut that it is subtly distinct fromnauseated in this sense. Nauseated is a passive participle, and hence suggests a condition induced by a specific external cause.By contrast,nauseous is an adjective that refers to an occurrent state whose cause may be nonspecific or unknown.The person who reports thatI woke up this morning feeling nauseous might not be willing to accept that he or she had beennauseated by any external agent. 传统的评论家坚持认为nauseous 只适合用于“引起人厌恶的”意思， 而用于指“患恶心症的”是不正确的，就像在巨浪滑行者使我感到恶心 中一样。 在这个例子中，nauseated 被72%的用法专题使用小组成员认为是合适的。 然而，有趣的是，88%的成员认为他们会选用nauseating 这个词， 用在句子太多的苹果糖和令人恶心的骑乘使得孩子们的脸色有点绿 中。 因此似乎像许多别的词如transpire那样，nauseous 积极地主要用于被人认为是不正确的意思中。 然而用nauseous 来指“患恶心症”可能引起评论的不愉快， 作为防卫我们应该指出不仅在受过教育的演说者中此种用法普遍，而且在这个意思上它和nauseated 有细微的区别。 Nauseated 是过去分词， 因此意味着由特殊的外部原因引导的条件。相反nauseous 是形容词指偶发的状态， 可能是非特殊的或不知道的。声称我早上起来时感到恶心 的人， 可能不情愿接受他或她被任何外界力量所恶心到 〔diabase〕A dark-gray to black, fine-textured igneous rock composed mainly of feldspar and pyroxene and used for monuments and as crushed stone.辉绿岩：一种贝岩，颜色深灰至黑，带有细微网纹，主要由长石和辉石构成，用作纪念碑或碎石块〔microsensor〕A miniature electronic device that detects information about a specific variable such as temperature or light.微感应器，微侦测器：侦测有关某种变量信息，例如温度或光线，的细微电子仪器〔ask〕Examine refers particularly to close and detailed questioning to ascertain the extent of a person's knowledge or the adequacy of his or her qualifications: Examine 尤指细微和详细的提问以确认某人的知识范围或他或她的资格是否符合： 〔finely〕In small pieces or parts; minutely:细微地：小颗粒地或小部分地；微小地：〔tinge〕A slight added element, property, or influence:一丝痕迹：添加的很细微的要素，特性或影响：〔patina〕a face etched with a patina of fine lines and tiny wrinkles.一张轮廓美观而有细微皱纹的脸 |
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