| 单词 | 粗鄙 |
| 释义 | 〔filthy〕Vile; nasty:卑劣的；粗鄙的：〔vulgar〕Marked by a lack of good breeding; boorish.See Synonyms at common 粗俗的：缺乏好的教养的；粗鄙的 参见 common〔seedy〕Somewhat disreputable; squalid:粗鄙的；肮脏的：〔shocking〕Highly offensive; indecent or distasteful.令人厌恶的：非常让人讨厌的；粗鄙的或令人厌恶的〔indelicate〕Marked by a lack of good taste; coarse.See Synonyms at coarse 粗野的：以缺少高雅品味为特征的；粗鄙的 参见 coarse〔shameful〕Giving offense; indecent.给予触怒的；粗鄙的〔Comstockery〕Bowdlerism, named after Dr. Thomas Bowdler (1754-1825),has been around longer than Comstockery, named for Anthony Comstock (1844-1915). All Bowdler did to enter the world of common nouns was to expurgate Shakespeare, the Bible, and Gibbon'sHistory of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. On the other hand, Comstock, the organizer and secretary of the New York Society for the Suppression of Vice,helped destroy 160 tons of literature and pictures that he deemed immoral.Comstockery, the word honoring his achievements, is first recorded in 1905 in a letter by George Bernard Shaw to the New York Times: “Comstockery is the world's standing Joke at the expense of the United States. . . . It confirms the deep-seated conviction of the Old World that America is a provincial place, a second rate country-town civilization after all.” 以汤姆斯·鲍德勒博士(1754-1825年）的名字命名的鲍德勒主义，存在时间要比以安东尼·康斯托克(1844-1915年）命名的康斯托克主义长一些。鲍德勒所做的只是删节莎士比亚作品、《圣经 》和吉伯恩的罗马帝国的衰落与灭亡 就使其名字成为一个通用名词了。 而另一方面，作为纽约反暴力社会党的组织者和秘书长，康斯托克协助销毁了160吨他认为不道德的作品与图片。Comstockery ，这一为了表彰他的成绩的词最初是出现于1905年乔治·伯那德·修在写给 纽约时报 的信中： “Comstockery 一词是世界对美国的嘲笑…它证实了在东半球中根深蒂固的观念，那就是美国是个粗鄙的地方，充其量只能算是一个二流的乡村文明” 〔gawk〕An awkward, loutish person; an oaf.笨拙或害羞的人：一个不灵活的，粗鄙的人；笨拙的粗人〔impact〕Each generation of critics seems to select one particular usage to stand as the emblem of what they view as linguistic crassness.Thirty years ago it was the use ofcontact as a verb, but opposition to that form has more or less disappeared,and attention now focuses on the verbal use ofimpact meaning "have an effect, affect.” Eighty-four percent of the Usage Panel disapproves of the constructionto impact on, as in the phrasesocial pathologies, common to the inner city, that impact heavily on such a community; and fully 95 percent disapproves of the use ofimpact as a transitive verb in the sentence Companies have used disposable techniques that have a potential for impacting our health. But even these figures do not reflect the degree of distaste with which critics view the usage:in their comments some Panelists labeled the usage as "bureaucratic,” "pretentious,” "vile,” and "a vulgarism.” ·It may be that the particular pretentiousness associated with the verbal use ofimpact is caused by its derivation from an already questionable metaphoric use of the noun impact, as in phrases such asthe political impact of the decision or the impact of the program on the community, in which no more is usually meant than might have been expressed by effects or consequences. But thoughimpact may have begun life a generation ago as an inflated substitute for "affect significantly,” it has by now become so common in corporate and institutional contexts that younger speakers appear to regard it as wholly standard and straightforward usage.Within a few years, accordingly,the usage is likely to be no more objectionable thancontact is now, since it will no longer betray any particular pretentiousness on the part of those who use it.See Usage Note at contact 每一代的批评家好象都挑了一个特别的用法作为他们认为的语言上的愚蠢行为的象征。三十年以前是contact 作为动词的用法， 但是对这种形式的反对或多或少已经消失了，注意力现在集中到了impact 意思为“有不好的影响、影响”的动词用法上。 用法专题小组成员中百分之八十四不同意to impact on 的结构， 如在短语对内城区来说很普通的社会病理学，对这样一个社区产生了很大影响的 当中； 百分之九十五的成员完全不同意impact 在句子 公司已经使用了可能会对我们的健康产生不良影响的易处理技术 中当作及物动词来使用。 但是即使是这些数字也没有反映出批评家们对这种用法厌恶的程度：在他们的评论当中有些成员把这种用法说成是“官僚主义的”、“装腔作势的”，“可耻的”，还说这是“粗鄙的语言。”也许和impact 的动词用法有关联的虚饰成份是由于它是从名词 impact 的一个早有争议的比喻用法衍变而来造成的。 如在短语这个决定在政治上的影响 或者 这个计划对公众的影响 中它的意思并没有比用 effects 或者 consequences 表达出来的意思要多。 尽管impact 作为“明显地影响”的夸大了的替代可能在一代人之前开始产生， 但是现在的年轻一代使用者看上去把它当成了完全标准的、直接的用法，这在共同的和惯例的文章中已经很普遍了。相应地在几年内，这种用法很有可能不比今天的contact 更引起反对， 因为对于那些使用它的人来说这不会再显得有点矫揉造作了 参见 contact〔hoggish〕Coarsely self-indulgent or gluttonous.粗鄙的，贪婪的，自私的〔ribaldry〕Vulgar, lewdly humorous language or joking or an instance of it.下流语言，粗俗幽默：粗鄙的、猥亵的诙谐言语或玩笑或其实例〔scurrility〕A vulgar, coarse, or abusive remark or passage.粗鄙的话，脏话：粗俗的、下流的、辱骂的评论或一段话〔ribald〕A vulgar, lewdly funny person.一个粗鄙的、猥亵古怪的人〔ribald〕Characterized by or indulging in vulgar, lewd humor.See Synonyms at coarse 下流的，粗俗的：以粗鄙的、猥亵的幽默为特征的或沉溺于其中的 参见 coarse〔vulgarize〕"What appalls him is the sheer cheesiness of TV iniquity. Television has even vulgarized hell"(Jack Kroll)“使他震惊的是电视罪恶的如此粗鄙。电视几乎使地狱庸俗化”(杰克·克罗尔)〔boor〕is both a lout and a bully;又粗鄙又恃强凌弱的人；〔cheap〕Worthy of no respect; vulgar or contemptible:不值得尊敬的；粗鄙的或可鄙的：〔bugger〕A contemptible or disreputable person.坏蛋，坏家伙：一个粗鄙的，声名狼藉的人〔degeneracy〕Corrupt, vulgar, vicious behavior, especially sexual perversion.性倒错：伤风败俗的、粗鄙的、下流的行为，尤指性欲颠倒、性变态〔earthy〕Crude or off-color; indecent:粗鄙的：粗陋的或粗鄙的；低下的：〔Rabelaisian〕Characterized by coarse humor, exuberant learning, or bold caricature.文笔粗鄙幽默与讽刺的：带有粗野幽默、丰富学识或辛辣讽刺的特征的〔turn〕"From the . . . testimony emerges a man by turns devious and honest, vulgar and gallant, scatterbrained and shrewd"(Life)“从指证来看，一个人交替地表现为狡猾和诚实，粗鄙和豪侠，浮躁和精明”(生活)〔barbaric〕Marked by crudeness or lack of restraint in taste, style, or manner.粗鄙的，不雅的：以在品味、风格或举止方面粗俗的或不加节制为标志的〔loutish〕Having the characteristics of a lout; awkward, stupid, and boorish.蠢笨的，乡下气的，粗鲁的：具有粗鄙者特点的；笨拙的，愚蠢的，乡下人的〔scurrility〕The quality of being vulgar, coarse, or abusive.下流，低水准：粗鄙、下流或毁谤的特性〔one〕"The older one grows the more one likes indecency"(Virginia Woolf)“人愈老愈喜欢粗鄙的言行”(弗吉尼亚·沃尔夫)〔rustic〕A person regarded as crude, coarse, or simple.乡巴佬：被认为粗鄙、粗俗或头脑简单的人 |
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