| 单词 | 第一人称 |
| 释义 | 〔lavabo〕Latin lavābō [I shall wash (opening word of the recited portion of Psalm 26)] [first person future indicative of] lavāre [to wash] * see lave 拉丁语 lavābō [我要洗手（《诗篇》第26首吟诵部分的起始句）] lavāre的第一人称将来陈述语气动词 [洗] * 参见 lave〔shall〕The use ofwill in the first person and of shall in the second and third may express determination, promise, obligation, or permission, depending on the context.ThusI will leave tomorrow indicates that the speaker is determined to leave; 单词will 在第一人称及 shall 在用于第二、三人称时， 根据上下文可能表达的决定、承诺、义务或允许这样。这样我明天要走 这句话表明说话者决定离开； 〔persona〕pl. per.so.nas or per.so.nae [-nē] A voice or character representing the speaker in a literary work.【复数】 per.so.nas 或 per.so.nae [-nē] （文学作品）第一人称：在文艺作品中代表说话者的声音或个性〔placebo〕first person sing. future tense of Latin placēre [to please] * see plāk- 1 拉丁语 placēre的第一人称单数将来时 [高兴] * 参见 plāk- 1〔can〕Only 21 percent of the Usage Panel acceptscan in the latter sentence. Butcan has a long history of use by educated speakers to express permission, particularly in British English.What is more, the blurring of the line betweencan and may is socially and historically inevitable, since politeness often makes the use ofcan preferable in the "permission" sense. For example, the sentenceYou can borrow my car if you like is a more gracious offer than You may borrow my car; the first presumes the granting of permission,while the second makes a point of it.Still, it is understandable that insistence on the use ofmay should become a traditional schoolroom ritual, particularly in first-person requests such as 用法专题使用小组中只有21%的成员接纳can 用于后面一句中。 但can 被受过教育的说话者用于表示许可已有很长的历史， 尤其是在大不列颠英语中。而且，can 和 may 之间不明显的界限从社会和历史渊源上说也是不可避免的， 因为礼貌常使can 的使用比较适宜“允许”这个意义。 例如，句子如你想要的话，你可以借用我的车 是比 你可以借用我的车； 亲切得多的提议， 第一句假定表示许可，而第二句却限定于这一点。然而，主张may 的用法应成为课堂内的惯例也是可以理解的， 尤其是在第一人称中，如 〔credo〕from Latin crēdō [I believe (the first word of the Apostles' Creed or the Nicene Creed)] [first person sing. present tense of] crēdere [to believe] * see kerd- 源自 拉丁语 crēdō [我相信（基督教徒信经或尼西亚信任的第一个词）] crēdere的第一人称单数现在时 [相信] * 参见 kerd- 〔shall〕The traditional rules for usingshall and will prescribe a highly complicated pattern of use in which the meanings of the forms change according to the person of the subject.In the first person,shall is used to indicate simple futurity: 使用shall 及 will 的传统规则规定了一个十分复杂的使用形式， 其形式的含义根据主语人称而改变。在第一人称中，shall 用于表示简单的未来事件： 〔daresay〕To think very likely or almost certain; suppose. Used in the first person singular present tense:料想：认为很可能或几乎肯定；猜想。用于现在时第一人称单数：〔am〕First person singular present indicative of be be的第一人称单数现在陈述语气〔begum〕from East Turkic begüm [first person sing. possessive of] beg [master, mistress] 源自 东突厥语 begüm beg的第一人称单数所有格 [主人，女主人] 〔hosey〕Perhaps from French (je) choisis [(I) choose] [first person sing. present of] choisir [to choose] 可能源自 法语 (je) choisis [（我）选择] choisir的第一人称单数现在时 [选择] 〔shall〕The sentenceYou shall have your money expresses a promise ("I will see that you get your money"), whereasYou will have your money makes a simple prediction. · Such, at least, are the traditional rules.But the distinction has never taken firm root outside of what H.W. Fowler described as "the English of the English" (as opposed to that of the Scots and Irish), and even there it has always been subject to variation.Despite the efforts of generations of American schoolteachers, the distinction is largely alien to the modern American idiom.In Americawill is used to express most of the senses reserved for shall in English usage, andshall itself is restricted to first person interrogative proposals, as inShall we go? and to certain fixed expressions, such asWe shall overcome. Shall is also used in formal style to express an explicit obligation,as inApplicants shall provide a proof of residence, though this sense is also expressed bymust or should. In speech the distinction that the English signal by the choice ofshall or will may be rendered by stressing the auxiliary, as in I will leave tomorrow ("I intend to leave"); by choosing another auxiliary, such as must or have to; or by using an adverb such as certainly. · Many earlier American writers observed the traditional distinction betweenshall and will, and some continue to do so.The practice cannot be called incorrect,though it may strike American ears as somewhat mannered.But the distinction is difficult for those who do not come by it natively,and Americans who essay ashall in an unfamiliar context run considerable risk of getting it wrong, and so of being caught out in that most embarrassing of linguistic gaffes, the bungled Anglicism.See Usage Note at should 句子你将得到你的钱 表达了一种承诺（“我将保证你得到你的钱”）， 而你会得到你的钱 仅仅做出了简单预测。 这些至少是传统规则。但是这种用法上的区别仅局限于H·W·福勒所描述的“英格兰人的英语”（与苏格兰人和爱尔兰人的英语相对），即使在英格兰英语中它一直在变化。尽管经过几代美国学校教师的努力，这种区别对现代美国习惯用语仍是相当生疏的。在美国，will 被用来表达在英国用法中大多为 shall 保留的含义， 而shall 则限于第一人称疑问句式的提议， 如在我们该走了吧? 及某些固定表达中， 例如我们会克服的。 Shall 也用在正式文体中表示明确职责，如申请者应提供居留证明 ， 虽然这个意义也可用must 或 should 表达。 在口语中可以通过强调助动词shall 或 will ，如 我 将 于明天离开 （“我打算明天离开”）；或通过选择另一个助动词 must 或 have to ；或通过使用如 certainly 这样的副词来表达英国人用这两个词时的区别。 许多早期的美国作家注意到了shall 和 will 之间的传统区别， 而且一些人仍在继续这样做。这种用法不能被称作不正确，虽然美国人听起来有点矫揉造作的意味。但是这种区别对于那些不能通过母语了解它的人是困难的，而且在一个不熟悉的上下文中，试图用shall 的美国人很有可能犯错误， 因而在许多令人难堪的语言即被搞得一团糟的英式英语中出丑 参见 should〔each〕An exception is made wheneach follows the verb with a first-person plural subject: one may say eitherWe boys have each our own room or We boys have each his own room, though the latter form is somewhat stilted in modern use. ·The expressioneach and every is likewise followed by a singular verb and singular pronoun in formal style: 一个例外是当each 前面动词带有第一人称复数形式的主语时： 既可以说我们男孩子们每人都有各自的一间房 或者也可以说 我们男孩子们每人都有他各自房间 ， 虽然后一形式在现代用法中有些过时。这种表达each and every ， 在正式文体中的后面也同样地使用单数动词和单数的代词： 〔person〕Any of three groups of pronoun forms with corresponding verb inflections that distinguish the speaker (first person), the individual addressed (second person), and the individual or thing spoken of (third person).人称：指关系到谓语动词变化的三类人称形式，用以区别说话人（第一人称）、与之交谈的人（第二人称）和提及的人或东西（第三人称）〔peccavi〕Latin peccāvi [I have sinned] [first person sing. perfect tense of] peccāre [to sin] * see peccable 拉丁语 peccāvi [我有罪] peccāre的第一人称单数完成时 [犯罪] * 参见 peccable〔eureka〕Greek heurēka [I have found (it) (supposedly exclaimed by Archimedes upon discovering how to measure the volume of an irregular solid and thereby determine the purity of a gold object)] [first person perfect of] heuriskein [to find] 希腊语 heurēka [“我找到了！”，“我搞清楚了！”（源自希腊数学家和发明家阿基米德发现测量不规则固体体积的方法，并以此发现测定金子纯度的方法时的惊呼）] heuriskein的第一人称完成时 [找到] 〔should〕Like the rules governing the use ofshall and will on which they are based, the traditional rules governing the use ofshould and would are largely ignored in modern American practice. Eithershould or would can now be used in the first person to express conditional futurity: 就象作为shall 和 will 词的基础的限用的用法规则一样， 适用于should 和 would 这个词的传统使用规则在现代美国英语中也已被忽略了。 现在should 或 would 这两个词中的任何一个都可以用于第一人称，表示条件式中的将来： 〔Confiteor〕Latin Cōnfiteor [I confess, the first word of the prayer] [first person sing. present tense of] confitērī [to acknowledge] * see confess 拉丁语 Cōnfiteor [我承认，悔罪经的第一个词] confitērī的第一人称单数现在时 [承认] * 参见 confess〔eg〕Nominative form of the personal pronoun of the first person singular. For oblique forms seeme- 1 . 第一人称单数的人称代词的主格形式. 其斜格形式请参照me-1 . 〔vamoose〕from Latin vādāmus [first person pl. subjunctive of] vādere [to go] 源自 拉丁语 vādāmus vādere的虚拟语气动词第一人称复数 [走] 〔ignoramus〕from Latin [we do not know] [first person pl. present tense of] ignōrāre [to be ignorant] * see ignore 源自 拉丁语 [我们不知道] ignōrāre的第一人称复数现在时 [蒙在鼓里] * 参见 ignore〔veto〕From Latin vetō [first person sing. present tense of] vetāre [to forbid] 源自 拉丁语 vetō vetāre的第一人称单数现在时 [禁止] 〔mush〕Possibly alteration of French marchons [first person pl. imperative of] marchier [to walk, go] 可能为 法语 marchons的变化 marchier的祈使语气动词的第一人称复数 [步行，走] 〔video〕From Latin videō [first person sing. present tense of] vidēre [to see] * see vide 源自 拉丁语 videō vidēre的第一人称单数现在时 [看] * 参见 vide〔lampoon〕perhaps from lampons [let us drink (from a common refrain in drinking songs)] [first person pl. imperative of] lamper [to gulp down] 可能源自 lampons [让我们喝（来自一首饮酒歌的普通章节）] lamper的祈使语气动词的第一人称复数 [一饮而尽] 〔mandamus〕Latin mandāmus [we order] [first person pl. of] mandāre [to order] * see man- 2拉丁语 mandāmus [我们命令] mandāre的第一人称复数 [命令] * 参见 man- 2 |
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