| 单词 | 知识分子 |
| 释义 | 〔eggheaded〕Befitting or having the qualities of an intellectual.自以为有学问的：适合或具有知识分子的品质的〔intelligentsia〕The intellectual elite of a society.知识分子：社会中知识者的精英〔Spinoza〕Dutch philosopher and theologian whose controversial pantheistic doctrine advocated an intellectual love of God. His best-known work isEthics (1677). 斯宾诺莎，布鲁克：(1632-1677) 荷兰哲学家及神学家，他的颇有争议的泛神论主义在知识分子中引发了对上帝的热爱之情。他最为著名的著作为《伦理学》 （1671年） 〔intelligible〕Capable of being apprehended by the intellect alone.只能为知识分子所领悟的〔Milosz〕Polish-born American writer whose poetry, fiction, and essays often explore the role of intellect and ideology in politics. He won the 1980 Nobel Prize for literature.米洛什，琴斯洛：(生于 1911) 波兰裔美籍作家，常在其诗歌、小说及散文中探讨知识分子的角色及政治中的意识形态。获1980年诺贝尔文学奖〔prosopography〕"an authentic tour de force of historical writing: part intellectual history, part cultural history, part prosopography"(Josiah Bunting III)“历史写作的真正巡礼：一部分是知识分子历史，一部分是文化史，一部分是人学”(约西亚·本丁III)〔lumpen〕lumpen intellectuals unable to find work in their fields.失业知识分子在他们的领域内找不到工作〔towering〕a towering intellect.杰出的知识分子〔Montparnasse〕A district of south-central Paris, France, on the Left Bank. Its cafés have long been famous as gathering places for artists, writers, and intellectuals.蒙帕尔纳斯：法国巴黎中南部的一个区，位于左岸地区。该区的咖啡馆长久以来因艺术家、作家和知识分子汇集地而闻名〔epitome〕"He is seen . . . as the epitome of the hawkish, right-of-center intellectual"(Paul Kennedy)“他被看作是鹰派的自我为中心的知识分子的典型”(保罗·肯尼迪)〔Feiffer〕American cartoonist who won a 1986 Pulitzer Prize for his sarcastic comic strip, which features a middle-class intellectual struggling with contemporary social issues.菲佛朱尔斯，朱尔斯：(生于 1929) 美国连环漫画家，因他的以中产阶级知识分子和当时的社会问题作斗争为主题的讽刺连环漫画而获1986年普利策奖〔Williams〕Trinidadian politician and intellectual who led his country to independence from Britain and became its first prime minister (1962-1981). A noted historian, his works include the classicCapitalism and Slavery (1944). 威廉斯，艾力克：特立尼达政治家和知识分子，领导特立尼达从英国独立，并担任第一届总理（1962年-1981年）。是著名的历史学家，作品包括经典之作的《资本主义与奴隶制》 （1944年） 〔agnostic〕An agnostic does not deny the existence of God and heaven, for example,but rather holds that one cannot know for certain if they exist or not.The termagnostic was fittingly coined by the 19th-century British scientist Thomas H. Huxley, who believed that only material phenomena were objects of exact knowledge.He made up the word from the prefixa-, meaning "without, not,” as in amoral, and the noun Gnostic. Gnostic is related to the Greek word gnōsis, "knowledge,” which was used by early Christian writers to mean "higher, esoteric knowledge of spiritual things";hence,Gnostic referred to those with such knowledge. In coining the termagnostic, Huxley was considering as "Gnostics" a group of his fellow intellectuals—"ists,” as he called them—who had eagerly embraced various doctrines or theories that explained the world to their satisfaction. Because he was a "man without a rag of a label to cover himself with,”Huxley coined the termagnostic for himself, its first published use being in 1870. 举例来说，不可知论者并不否认上帝和天堂的存在，但却认为无法确切知道他们的存在与否。术语agnostic 这个词是由19世纪的英国科学家托马斯·H·赫胥黎巧妙地创造出来的， 他认为只有物质现象才是确切意识的对象。他用意为“没有，无”的前缀a-， 如在 amoral 中和名词 Gnostic造词。 Gnostic与希腊词 gnosis 有关，指“意识”， 曾被早期的基督教作家用来表达“关于精神玄奥的、神秘的意识”。因此agnostic 就指那些有这类意识的人。 在创造agnostic 这个词时，赫胥黎把他的同伴知识分子──“学家”，认为是“可知论者”，就象他这样称呼他们一样── 他们急切地吸收各种信条或理论来随意地解释世界。因为赫胥黎“是个没有任何标签来掩饰自己的人”，他为自己创造了agnostic 这个词，1870年这个词首次用于出版物中 〔egghead〕An intellectual; a highbrow.知识分子：知识分子；有高深学问和文化素养的人〔effete〕an effete group of self-professed intellectuals.一群自鸣颓废的知识分子〔Berdyaev〕Russian philosopher whose spiritual ideals undercut his Marxist leanings and led to his expulsion from the Soviet Union (1922). His works includeThe Spiritual Crisis of the Intelligentsia (1910). 别尔佳耶夫，尼科莱·亚历山德罗维奇：(1874-1948) 俄国哲学家，其精神理想与马克思主义学说抵触，从而导致其被驱逐出苏联（1922年），著作有《知识分子的精神危机》 （1910年） 〔intellect〕A person of great intellectual ability.知识分子：有很高理解力的人〔enmity〕an inexplicable animus against intellectuals. 对知识分子的莫名其妙的恶意 〔underground〕"an underground of dissident intellectuals"(Kenneth L. Woodward)“反对派知识分子的地下组织”(肯尼思L.伍德沃德)〔lightweight〕a lightweight intellect.一个无足轻重的知识分子〔Haldane〕Family of Scottish intellectuals, includingRichard Burdon Haldane (1856-1928), a philosopher and politician; his sister Elizabeth Sanderson Haldane (1862-1937), a writer and Scotland's first woman justice of the peace (1920); their brother John Scott Haldane (1860-1936), a physiologist; and his son John Burdon Sanderson Haldane (1892-1964), a geneticist. 霍尔丹家族：苏格兰的知识分子世家，包括理查·波顿·霍尔丹 （1856-1928年），是哲学家和政治家；他的妹妹 伊丽莎白·桑德森·霍尔丹 （1862-1937年）是作家，并于1920年成为苏格兰第一位女性治安法官；他们的兄弟 约翰·司各特·霍尔丹 （1860-1936年）是生理学家，他的儿子 约翰·波顿·桑德森·霍尔丹 （1892-1964年），是一位遗传学家 |
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