| 单词 | 用词 |
| 释义 | 〔eccentricity〕Quirk, a milder term, merely suggests an odd trait or mannerism: Quirk 是一个较轻的用词，主要指古怪的特点或癖性： 〔method〕She has a precise, clearly articulated manner of speaking.她说话用词精确，表达清楚。〔elocution〕The art of public speaking in which gesture, vocal production, and delivery are emphasized.演讲艺术：在公众演讲中强调风度、用词和表达的艺术〔communication〕communications (used with a sing. or pl. verb)The art and technique of using words effectively and with grace in imparting one's ideas. communications （与单数或复数动词连用）说话的艺术：有效地使用词并优雅地传授某人思想的艺术和技巧〔verbalism〕The manner in which something is phrased; wording.措辞，用词：用言辞表达某物的方法；用词〔raunchy〕“[He] uses language so aggressively raunchy that he seems to be insisting his choice of vocabulary, at least, is no sin" (Wall Street Journal)“[他] 使用的语言都是令人震惊的下流，看来他至少并不认为自己的用词是什么罪恶” (华尔街期刊)〔abuse〕"How often misused words generate misleading thoughts" (Herbert Spencer).“有多少次错误的用词导致了将人引入歧途的思想” （赫尔伯特·斯宾塞）。〔ketchup〕The wordketchup exemplifies the types of modifications that can take place in the borrowing process, both in the borrowing of a word and in the borrowing of a substance.The source of our wordketchup may be the Malay word kēchap, possibly taken into Malay from the Cantonese dialect of Chinese.Kēchap, like our word, referred to a kind of sauce, but a sauce without tomatoes;rather, it contained fish brine, herbs, and spices.The sauce seems to have emigrated to Europe by way of sailors,where it was made with locally available ingredients such as the juice of mushrooms or walnuts.At some point, when the juice of tomatoes was first used,ketchup as we know it was born.However, it is important to realize that in the 18th and 19th centuriesketchup was a generic term for sauces whose only common ingredient was vinegar. The word is first recorded in English in 1690 in the formcatchup, in 1711 in the formketchup, and in 1730 in the formcatsup. These three spelling variants of a foreign borrowing remain current.ketchup 这个词显示出在借词过程中的变异， 既发生在借词上又发生物质转借上。ketch up 这个词的来源大约是马来词 kechap ， 可能是从中国广东方言变为马来语的。Kechap 也象ketchup一样指一种酱， 但是不含番茄的酱，而是含咸鱼汁、药草和香料。大概是由水手们传到欧洲，在欧洲只能用当地有的调料如蘑菇或胡桃汁制成。当番茄汁初次被被使用时，我们所指的调味番茄酱便产生了。但应注意的是18和19世纪时，ketchup 是表示一般成分只含醋的调料的通用词。 1690年这个词首先以catchup 的形式在英语中出现， 1711年改为ketchup ， 1730年又改为catsup 。 这个外来词的三种不同拼法现在都通行〔fat〕Portly andstout are sometimes used as polite terms to describe fatness. In stricter applicationportly refers to a person whose bulk is combined with a stately or imposing bearing, andstout, to a person with a thickset, bulky figure: Portly 和stout 有时用作描述肥胖的礼貌用词。 在更严格的用法中，portly 指身体与一种庄严的或强加的忍耐力联系在一起的人， 而stout 指身材矮胖、粗壮的人： 〔logomachy〕A dispute carried on in words only; a battle of words.文字之争：只用词来进行的争论；文字之争〔irregardless〕The labelNon-Standard does only approximate justice to the status of irregardless. More precisely,it is a form that many people mistakenly believe to be a correct usage in formal stylebut that in fact has no legitimate antecedents in either standard or nonstandard varieties. (The word was likely coined from a blend ofirrespective and regardless. ) Perhaps this is why critics have sometimes insisted that there is "no such word" asirregardless, a charge they would not think of leveling at a bona fide nonstandard word such asain't, which has an ancient genealogy.给irregardless 贴上 Non-Standard 的标签只是对其地位做了近似恰当的评价。 更精确地说，许多人错误地相信它是正式语体中的规范用法，但实际上无论在标准或非标准变体中都没有这个词真正的前身。(该词可能是把irrespective 和 regardless 合在一起生造出来的。） 也许这就是为什么批评者们有时坚持认为“没有irregardless 这么个词”的原因， 他们不会把这项指责安在一个象ain't 这样一个正牌的非标准用词上， 因为这个词的家史渊源流长〔Philistine〕It has never been good to be a Philistine.Samson, Saul, and David in the Bible helped bring the Philistines into prominence because they were such prominent opponents.Even though the Philistines have long since disappeared,their name has lived on in the Old Testament.The English name for them,Philistines, which goes back through Late Latin and Greek to Hebrew, is first found in Middle English,wherePhilistiens, the ancestor of our word, is recorded in a work composed before 1325. Beginning in the 17th centuryphilistine was used as a common noun usually in the plural to refer to various groups considered the enemy,such as literary critics.In Germany in the same centuryit is said that in a memorial at Jena for a student who had been killed in a town-gown quarrel,the minister preached a sermon from the text "Philister über dir Simson! [The Philistines be upon thee, Samson!],”the words of Delilah to Samson after she attempted to render him powerless before his Philistine enemies.From this usage it is said that German students came to usePhilister, the German equivalent of Philistine, to denote nonstudents and hence uncultured or materialistic people.Both usages were picked up in English in the early 19th century.做非利士人从来没有好处。《圣经》中的参孙、索尔和大卫使非利士人出名是因为他们是很优秀的对手。尽管非利士人已消失很久了，他们的名字却仍存在于《旧约》当中。他们的英文名称Philistines 可由晚期拉丁语和希腊语追溯到希伯来语， 是在中世纪英语中首先发现的，其中我们所用词的前身Philistines 记载在一部1325年前的著作中。 17世纪以来，Philistine 被用作普通名词并且常以复数形式出现， 意指被认为是敌人的各种团体，如文学批评家。在同一世纪的德国，据说在耶拿举行的纪念一名在市民和大学生争执中被杀的学生的纪念会上，牧师从“［非利士人比你强，参孙!］”中选取了一段做布道，就是迪莱勒在试图使参孙在他的非利士手面前变得软弱无力后说的那些话。这段话的用法中可见德国学生开始使用philister 作为 philistine 的德语替代语， 意指不是学生因此也就是没有文化以及不务实的人。这两种用法在19世纪早期的英语中均能找到〔delineate〕To depict in words or gestures; describe.See Synonyms at represent 描写：用词或手势描述；描写 参见 represent〔wordage〕The number of words used, as in a novel.用词的数量，如小说中〔Anglicism〕A word, a phrase, or an idiom peculiar to the English language, especially as spoken in England; a Briticism.英国习语，英国特有用词，英国式的语言现象：英语，尤其是在英语口语中所特有的单词、短语或习惯用语；英国式语言现象〔phraseology〕The way in which words and phrases are used in speech or writing; style.说法，措辞：说话或写作时用词或短语的方法；文体〔exact〕an exact account; an exact replica; your exact words.准确真实的报道；与原物一模一样的复制品；你的准确用词〔curt〕Using few words; terse.简明的：少用词的；简洁的〔sure〕 Sure andcertain are frequently used interchangeably; sure, however, is the more subjective term, whereascertain may imply belief based on experience or evidence: Sure 和certain 经常可互换； 然而sure 是个更为主观的用词， 而certain 则可以表示建立在经验或证据基础上的信念： 〔myself〕The strongest criticism that can be made of these uses of reflexives is that like other emphatic devices they may easily be overused,and when the pronoun refers to the writer or speaker,the result of the emphasis may be an implication of pomposity or self-importance.这些反身代词用法的最大缺陷就是像其它强调用词一样经常容易被过分使用，当代词指作者或说话人时，强调的结果或许是暗含贬义或自大〔diction〕 Diction is the selection and arrangement of words in relation to effective expression: Diction 关系到有效表达用词的挑选和安排： |
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