| 单词 | 理解 |
| 释义 | 〔intelligible〕from intellegere [to perceive] * see intelligent 源自 intellegere [理解] * 参见 intelligent〔comprehensible〕from comprehēnsus [past participle of] comprehendere [to comprehend] * see comprehend 源自 comprehēnsus comprehendere的过去分词 [理解] * 参见 comprehend〔behold〕To perceive through use of the mental faculty; comprehend:通过应用思维器官理解；领悟：〔difficult〕"To entertain is far more difficult than to enlighten"(Anthony Burgess)See Synonyms at hard “理解比知道难得多”(安东尼·伯吉斯) 参见 hard〔perceptive〕Marked by discernment and understanding; sensitive.有理解或敏锐特征的；敏感的〔misperceive〕To perceive incorrectly; misunderstand.误解：不正确的理解；误解〔perceive〕To achieve understanding of; apprehend.See Synonyms at see 1理解：获得对…的理解；理解 参见 see1〔Herzberg〕German-born Canadian physicist. He won a 1971 Nobel Prize for chemistry for his contributions to the understanding of the electronic structure and geometry of molecules.赫尔茨伯格，格哈得：(生于 1904) 德裔加拿大物理学家。他因理解分子的电子构造与几何形状而做出的贡献而获1971年诺贝尔化学奖〔Held〕American illustrator and writer known for his interpretations of Jazz Age subject matter.赫尔德，小约翰：(1889-1958) 美国连环漫画家，作家，以其对“爵士乐时代”题材的理解而闻名〔fix〕A clear determination or understanding:定论：明确的决定或理解：〔intricate〕Solvable or comprehensible only with painstaking effort.See Synonyms at complex 难理解的：只有经过刻苦的努力才能解决或理解的 参见 complex〔barrier〕Intolerance is a barrier to understanding.See Synonyms at obstacle 偏狭是理解的一大障碍 参见 obstacle〔laconic〕As the study of the classics has disappeared from the curriculum,so has the ready understanding that terms such aslaconic once possessed. Laconic, which comes to us via Latin from Greek Lakōnikos, is first recorded in 1583with the sense "of or relating to Laconia or its inhabitants.”Lakōnikos is derived from Lakōn, "a Laconian, a person from Lakedaimon,”the name for the region of Greeceof which Sparta was the capital.The Spartans, noted for being warlike and disciplined, were also known for the brevity of their speech,and it is this quality that English writers still denote by the use of the adjectivelaconic, which is first found in this sense in 1589. 当古典研究从学校的课程中消失的时候，人们对于诸如laconic 之类的曾经黯熟的词汇的本来理解也同时失去。 Laconic 这个词是从希腊文 Lakonikos 经拉丁文流传下来的， 它第一次出现于1583年，意思是“拉哥尼亚的或拉哥尼亚居民的”。Lakonikos 源于 Lakon ， 意为“一个拉哥尼亚人，来自拉栖第梦的人”，它是希腊的一个地区名，斯巴达是其首府。以好战和纪律严明闻名的斯巴达人也同样因为言简意赅而闻名，laconic 这个词从1589年起被发现有言简意赅的意思起直到今天仍然被英国作家用来表示这一意思 〔patient〕Tolerant; understanding:宽容的；理解的：〔follow〕To grasp the meaning or reasoning of something; understand.理解：掌握某事的意义和推理；理解〔friendly〕"If I read this right, you're the only friendly we have there right now"(Tom Clancy)“如果我理解正确的话，你是我们目前唯一的支持者”(汤姆·克兰西)〔twig〕To understand or figure out:懂得，明白，理解：〔gulf〕A wide gap, as in understanding:隔阂，鸿沟：巨大的间隔，如在理解方面：〔apprehend〕"No one who has not had the responsibility can really understand what it is like to be President" (Harry S Truman). To “没有总统的责任感的人不会理解作总统的情形” （哈里·S·杜鲁门）。〔elude〕To escape the understanding or grasp of:理解不了或抓不到：〔grasp〕To take hold of intellectually; comprehend.See Synonyms at apprehend 理解，领会：理智地掌握；理解 参见 apprehend〔theory〕A belief that guides action or assists comprehension or judgment:理论：指导行为或帮助理解或判断的信条：〔perception〕Recognition and interpretation of sensory stimuli based chiefly on memory.领悟力：主要在记忆基础上的再认识和对感觉刺激物的理解〔inscrutable〕Difficult to fathom or understand; impenetrable.See Synonyms at mysterious 不可思议的：难于测量或理解的；费解的 参见 mysterious〔dawn〕To begin to be perceived or understood:渐渐明白：开始被察觉或理解：〔rambunctious〕The origins oframbunctious are not clearly established, a situation that may be better understood after looking at the evidence.The development that is generally accepted is from the wordrobustious, derived fromrobust and first recorded in a work written before 1548, torumbustious, first recorded in 1778, to rambunctious, first recorded in 1830, all three words having more or less the same meaning.But how didrobustious lead to rumbustious ? It has been suggested that the wordrumble played a part in this, although the wordrumbustion, meaning "the alcoholic beverage rum,” might also have been involved. The first form in whichrambunctious is recorded is rumbunctious, showing howrumbustious was involved in the alteration of robustious to rambunctious, but how the sound indicated bys became that indicated by nc or why the first u became a is a mystery. Rambunctious 的词源并没有十分清楚地确定， 看一下证据就能更好地理解这一点。通常认为它的发展过程是源于robustious 这个词， 它来自robust 并最早记载于1548年以前的一篇作品中， 至于rumbustious 则首次见载于1778年， rumbunctious 的最早的文字记载是在1830年， 这三个词的意思大致相同。但是robustious 怎样演变到 rumbustious 的呢? 有人认为，rumble 这个词起了一定的作用， 尽管rumbustion 意为“含酒精饮料甜酒，”但可能也参与了其演变。 Rambunctious 有记载的最早形式是 rumbunctious ， 这表明了rumbustious 这个词如何参与了从 robustious 到 rambunctious 的演变， 但s 所代表的声音是如何变成 nc 所代表的声音的或为什么第一个 u 变成了 a 仍然还是谜 〔study〕To apply one's mind purposefully to the acquisition of knowledge or understanding of (a subject).学习，研究：为获取知识或理解（某一课题）之目的而运用头脑〔apperception〕Conscious perception with full awareness.理解，领悟：明确的认识，透彻的领悟〔misunderstood〕Not appreciated or given sympathetic understanding:未得到理解的：不被体谅的或没有被给予同情的理解的：〔grasp〕"only a vague intuitive grasp of the meaning of greatness in literature"(Gilbert Highet)“对文学中的伟大的意义的仅仅一种模糊的直觉理解”(吉尔伯特·海特)〔Popper〕British philosopher known for his contributions to the understanding of scientific reasoning and his attacks on historicism. His works includeThe Logic of Scientific Discovery (1931) and The Open Society and Its Enemies (1945). 波珀，卡尔·雷芒德：(生于 1902) 英国著名的哲学家，以其推动人们对科学推理的理解作出的贡献和对历史主义的批判而闻名。他的作品包括《科学发现的逻辑》 （1931年）和 《开放社会及其敌人》 （1945年） 〔experience〕The apprehension of an object, a thought, or an emotion through the senses or mind:体验：通过感觉或记忆对某物、思想或一种感情的理解：〔understand〕To perceive and comprehend the nature and significance of; grasp.See Synonyms at apprehend 理解；懂得：知道和了解…的性质和重要性；理解 参见 apprehend〔Heifetz〕Russian-born American violinist. Considered among the world's best violinists at the age of 13, he matured into a great artist, tempering his virtuoso technique with thoughtful interpretation.海费兹，杰什查：(1901-1987) 俄裔美籍小提琴家。年仅十三岁时就已被认为是世界上最优秀的小提琴家，后成为一代大师，将他大师级的演奏技巧和思想理解揉和在一起〔stalactite〕The wordsstalagmite and stalactite have confused many a person. A look into the history of the Greek sources of these two words may help.Both words can be traced back to the wordstalassein, "to drip,” which is appropriatesince both words denote deposits in caves formed by the dripping of mineral-rich water.The Greek base from whichstalassein was formed was stalak- and to this base were added several endings that concern us,specifically-ma, a noun suffix most frequently denoting the result of an action, -mo-, a suffix denoting the action of a verb as well as a result, and -to-, an adjective suffix forming verbal adjectives. With these suffixes and the addition of the inflectional endings, as well as a sound change from (k) to (g) before (m),we getstalagma, "that which drops, a drop,” stalagmos, "dropping, dripping of stalactites,” and stalaktos, "dropping, dripping.” Using these Greek words,Olaus Wormius formed the Modern Latin wordstalactītēs, the stalac- part meaning "dripping" and the-ītēs part being commonly used to name fossils and minerals when preceded by a form expressing a physical characteristic, in this case "dripping.” Wormius also used the termstalagmītēs, the stalag- portion expressing the notion of what drops, taken either fromstalagma, "that which drops, a drop,” or stalagmos, "dropping of stalactites.” Stalactītēs and stalagmītēs, of course, are the sources of our English words stalactite (first recorded in 1677), the formation on the tops of caves, and stalagmite (first recorded in 1681), the formation on the bottoms of caves. They have been causing trouble ever since.单词stalagmite 和 stalactite 令许多人混淆。 对这两个词的希腊起源历史进行研究可能会帮助理解。这两个字都能追溯到单词stalassein （“滴下”）， 这是很恰当的，因为两个字都表示洞里由富含矿物的水下滴而形成的沉积。形成stalassein 的希腊根源是 stalak- ， 在这个根源上加上几个与我们有关的词尾，特别是-ma （往往用来表示动作结果的名词后缀）， -mo- （用来表示动词的动作和结果的后缀）和 -to- （形成动词性形容词的形容词后缀）。 通过这些后缀和屈折变化词尾的添加以及在(m)前面由(k)到(g)的变音，我们得到了stalagma （“滴下的东西，一滴”）、 stalagmos “滴，滴下钟乳石”和 stalaktos （“落下，滴下的”）。 利用这些希腊字，奥罗斯·沃米斯组成了现代拉丁单词stalactites ， stalac- 意指“滴”。 而-ites 当由一个表示物理特征的形式开头时，通常用来表示化石和矿物，指“滴下”。 沃米斯也使用stalagmites ， stalag- 表示滴下的东西的概念， 源于stalagma （“滴下的东西，一滴”）或 stalagmos （“滴下的钟乳石”）。 stalacitites 和 stalagmites ，当然是我们的英语单词 stalactite （首次出现于1677年）即洞穴顶部的形成物和 stalagmite （最早记载于1681年）即洞穴底部的形成物的源头。 自那以后它们就常造成一些麻烦〔cognizance〕Conscious knowledge or recognition; awareness.认识：自觉的理解或识别；知道〔gringo〕The wordgringo is an offensive term in Latin America for a foreigner, particularly an American or English person.But the word existed in Spanish before this particular sense came into being.In fact,gringo may be an alteration of the word griego, the Spanish development of LatinGraecus, "Greek.” Griego first meant "Greek, Grecian,”as an adjective and "Greek, Greek language,” as a noun.The saying "It's Greek to me" exists in Spanish,as it does in English,and helps us understand whygriego came to mean "unintelligible language" and perhaps, by further extension of this idea,"stranger, that is, one who speaks a foreign language.”The altered formgringo lost touch with Greek but has the senses "unintelligible language,” "foreigner, especially an English person,”and in Latin America, "North American or Britisher.”Its first recorded English use (1849) is in John Woodhouse Audubon'sWestern Journal: "We were hooted and shouted at as we passed through, and called ‘Gringoes.’”在拉丁美洲，gringo 一词是对外国人， 尤其是英美人的不尊敬的称呼。但在有这一特定含义之前这个词已存在于西班牙语之中。事实上，gringo 也许是 griego 一词的变体， 而后者则是西班牙语对拉丁语中Graecus “希腊的”一词的发展。 Griego 开始作形容词时意为“希腊的”； 作名词时意为“希腊，希腊语”。在西班牙语中也有“这对我来说象希腊语一样”的说法，这同英语中一样。这就帮我们理解为什么griego 开始有“胡说八道”的意思， 随着这层意思地延伸，就指“陌生人，即一个讲外语的人”。gringo 的变体已与希腊毫无关系而却有了“胡说八道”、 “外国人，尤指讲英语的人”等含义；在拉丁美洲它更指“北美人或英国人”。此词有记载的第一次在英语中的运用（1849年）是在约翰·伍德豪斯·奥杜邦的西部游记 中： “我们走过时四周都是叫喊声、怪叫声和‘外国佬’的叫骂声”〔realize〕To comprehend completely or correctly.体会，认知：完全地或正确地理解〔savvy〕To understand; comprehend.理解：懂得；领悟〔puzzle〕To ponder over a problem in an effort to solve or understand it.苦思，思索求解：思索某问题以解决或理解它 |
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