| 单词 | 物种 |
| 释义 | 〔phylogeny〕The evolutionary development and history of a species or higher taxonomic grouping of organisms. Also called phylogenesis 动植物种类进化史：生物物种或更高分类组的演化发展和历史 也作 phylogenesis〔introgression〕Infiltration of the genes of one species into the gene pool of another through repeated backcrossing of an interspecific hybrid with one of its parents.基因渗入：一物种的基因通过不断地与另一物种基因的亲代种间逆向杂交，而渗透进另一物种基因库的过程〔mussel〕Any of several marine bivalve mollusks, especially the edible members of the family Mytilidae and in particularMytilus edulis, a blue-black species raised commercially in Europe. Mussels are often found attached to rocky surfaces or the sides of ships. 贻贝一种海产双壳软体动物，特别是贻贝科中可食的可食贻贝 （一种在欧洲养殖的黑蓝色物种）。常会着在岸石表面或者船侧面 〔speciation〕The evolutionary formation of new biological species, usually by the division of a single species into two or more genetically distinct ones.物种形成：通过进化形成的新的生物物种进化形式，通常是由某一物种分成两个或多个基因的不同物种〔transgenic〕Carrying genes transferred from another species or breed:转录过的：带有从另一个物种或品种转录到另一个的基因的：〔intraspecific〕intraspecific competition.同一物种内的竞争〔communicable〕Transmittable between persons or species; contagious:传染性的：在人或物种之间可传染的；传染性的：〔amensalism〕A symbiotic relationship between organisms in which one species is harmed or inhibited and the other species is unaffected.片害共栖：有机体之间共生的作用关系，一个物种受另一个物种侵害或抑制，而后者不受前者的影响〔breed〕A group of organisms having common ancestors and certain distinguishable characteristics, especially a group within a species developed by artificial selection and maintained by controlled propagation.属：一群拥有共同祖先和明显特征的有机体，尤指属于同一物种的一群，通过人工选择来发展，通过有控制的繁殖来维持〔neoteny〕Retention of juvenile characteristics in the adults of a species, as among certain amphibians.动态持续：尤指某个物种在成熟期仍保持幼年特征〔xenotransplantation〕The surgical transfer of cells, tissues, or especially whole organs from one species to another.异体移植：将细胞、组织或某个器官从一物种转移到另一物种的外科移植〔polygenesis〕Derivation of a species or type from more than one ancestor or germ cell.多源发生说；多细胞繁殖：从一个以上的祖先或初始细胞衍生成为一个物种或一种类型〔cline〕A gradual change in a character or feature across the distributional range of a species or population, usually correlated with an environmental or a geographic transition.渐变群，生态群：在特性或特征上穿越物种或人口的分布区域的逐渐变化，通常与环境或地理变迁相关〔karyotype〕The characterization of the chromosomal complement of an individual or a species, including number, form, and size of the chromosomes.染色体组型：单个的或一个物种的染色体配对物的特征，包括染色体的数目、形状和大小〔phyletic〕Of or relating to the evolutionary descent and development of a species or group of organisms; phylogenetic.系统发育的；线系的，种族的：一个物种或一群有机物的进化和发展的；或与之有关的；系统发育的〔turnstone〕Either of two wading birds,Arenaria interpres, a widely distributed species that is dark brown above with large areas of chestnut and black, or A. melanocephala, having black and white plumage, that breeds along the coast of Alaska and winters from there to Baja California. 翻石鹬：两种涉禽中的任何一种，翻石鹬 ，是一种分布广泛的物种，身体上部是深褐色，有大片的栗色的黑色，或 黑翻石鹬 ，羽毛黑白相间，在阿拉斯加海岸线繁殖，冬季从这迁徙至下加利福尼亚 〔umbrette〕New Latin umbretta [species name] 新拉丁语 umbretta [物种名] 〔Bartram〕American botanist who established the first botanical garden in the colonies (1728) and corresponded with European botanists, thus introducing many American species to Europe. His sonWilliam Bartram (1739-1823) was also a botanist. 巴川姆，约翰：(1699-1777) 美国博物学家，于1728年在殖民地建立了第一个植物园，并与欧洲博物学家合作，将许多美国物种引入欧洲。他的儿子威廉姆·巴川姆 （1739-1823年）也是一个博物学家 〔polydemic〕polydemic species.多地区生长的物种〔diversity〕"Charles Darwin saw in the diversity of species the principles of evolution that operated to generate the species: variation, competition and selection"(Scientific American)“查尔斯·达尔文在物种的多样性中发现了致使物种产生的原则：变异、竞争、选择”(科学美国人)〔typical〕Of or relating to a representative specimen; characteristic or distinctive.和物种的代表有关的；特有的或特别的〔isoantigen〕A protein or other antigenic substance present in only some members of a species and therefore able to stimulate antibody production in those members that lack it. Also called alloantigen 同种抗原；同族抗原：一种蛋白质或其它的抗原物质，只存在于一个物种的一些成员体内，因而能刺激缺乏它的那些成员产生抗体 也作 alloantigen〔sumac〕Any of various shrubs or small trees of the genusRhus, having compound leaves, clusters of small greenish flowers, and usually red, hairy fruit. Some species, such as the poison ivy and poison oak, cause an acute itching rash on contact. 盐肤木：一种盐肤木 属灌木或小乔木，长有复叶、绿色成簇的小花、红色覆毛果实有几个物种，如毒常春藤和毒橡树，接触后会引起急性的搔痒疹 〔adapt〕a species that has adapted well to winter climes.很适应冬天气候的物种〔ethogram〕A pictorial catalog of the behavioral patterns of an organism or a species.习性谱：一个有机生物体或一个物种所特有的行为模式的图式目录〔individual〕A single animal or plant as distinguished from a species, community, or group.动植物个体：与物种、组织或群体相对立的作为个体存在的单个动物或植物〔species〕A fundamental category of taxonomic classification, ranking below a genus or subgenus and consisting of related organisms capable of interbreeding. See table at taxonomy 物种：一种基本的生物分类，级别低于属或亚属，由能够进行杂交（混种）的相关有机体组成 参见 taxonomy〔cladogram〕A branching, treelike diagram in which the endpoints of the branches represent specific species of organisms. It is used to illustrate phylogenetic relationships and show points at which various species have diverged from common ancestral forms.进化分枝图：一种分叉的树状图，其分枝的终点代表生物的特定品种。其被用来说明种系发展的关系，并显示在何处不同的物种从同一远祖形式分化〔clade〕A group of organisms, such as a species, whose members share homologous features derived from a common ancestor.进化枝，分化枝：一个有机体群体，其成员有从一个共同祖先获得的同源特征，如一个物种〔karyotype〕To classify and array (the chromosome complement of an organism or a species) according to the arrangement, number, size, shape, or other characteristics of the chromosomes.对染色体分类：根据染色体的排列，数目，大小，形状或其它特点划分并排列（有机体或物种的染色体配对物）〔polymyxin〕New Latin polymyxa [species name] poly- Greek muxa [slime] 新拉丁语 polymyxa [物种名称] poly- 希腊语 muxa [粘性物质] 〔syntype〕One of two or more specimens cited by the author of a name of a species or subspecies when no single specimen was selected as the holotype.全模式标本：未选定单一标本作为正模式标本时，物种或亚种名称的命名者所引用的两个或多个标本之一〔phylogenetic〕a phylogenetic classification of species.按演化发展对物种进行的分类〔instinct〕An inborn pattern of behavior that is characteristic of a species and is often a response to specific environmental stimuli:本能：一种天生的行为方式，其因物种不同而各异，通常是对某一具体环境刺激的反应：〔peculiar〕rights peculiar to the rich; a species peculiar to this area.富人所特有的权力；这个地区所特有的物种〔polyploid〕a polyploid species; a polyploid cell.一种多倍体物种；多倍体细胞〔ecotype〕The smallest taxonomic subdivision of an ecospecies, consisting of populations adapted to a particular set of environmental conditions. The populations are infertile with other ecotypes of the same ecospecies.生态型：生态种的最小划分单位，由适应某一特定环境条件的群体组成。这些群体与其他同种异型的物种不能杂交〔biogenesis〕The supposed recurrence of the evolutionary stages of a species during the embryonic development and differentiation of a member of that species. Also called In this sense, also called recapitulation 生物进化史：在一物种胚胎个体发育和分化期间，该物种的进化阶段有假定的重演现象 也作 在此意义上也可称作 recapitulation〔aminoglycoside〕Any of a group of broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as streptomycin, derived from species ofStreptomyces or Micomonospora bacteria and used to treat infections caused by gram-negative bacteria. 胺基糖甙：任一种广谱抗生素类，如从链霉菌属 物种或 小单孢菌属 细菌中提取的链霉素，用于治疗革兰氏阴性菌引起的感染 〔syntype〕One of two or more specimens simultaneously selected as types by the original author of a name of a species or subspecies.共模式标本：物种或亚种名称的最初命名者同时选定作为模式的两个或多个标本之一 |
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