| 单词 | 没有一个 |
| 释义 | 〔limerick〕Etymologies can sometimes be a bit disappointing,as, for example,when one is told thatlimerick is named after a city or county in Ireland without being told why it is so named.Unfortunately, we run into a difficulty here that is not uncommonly faced by etymologists,namely, that no one is precisely sure why this piece of humorous verse was so named.One theory is that it was named for a group of poets who wrote in Limerick in the 18th century;another, that it came from a custom at parties of making up a nonsense verse and following it with a chorus of "Will you come up to Limerick.”In any case,the first limericks appeared in books published in 1820 and 1821,and the form was popularized by Edward Lear in a collection published in 1846.The word itself, however, is not recorded until 1896.Let us sum up by saying:"There once was a verse form named limerick./No one can account for the name of it./Some think from a game/Or from poets it came./If you know please come up to Limerick.”查看词源学后会经常令我们失望，这是因为，比如，当某人得知limerick 是由爱尔兰的一城市（或一个郡的）名字而来， 却并不告知这样命名的原因。不幸的是，我们碰到了一个词源学家经常遇到的难题，那就是，没有一个人能确定为什么这种幽默的诗歌这样命名。一种理论认为它是源于18世纪在利默里克写作的一群诗人；还有一种看法认为它是源于一种集会上的风俗，这种风俗要求写完一毫无意义的诗后众人合唱“你将去利默里克吗”。不管怎样，1820年和1821年出版的这种五行打油诗集子广为流传，爱德华·利尔于1846年出版的集子使这种形式得到普及。但是，这个单词直到1896年才有记载。我们可以通过这么说来总结：“曾经有种诗的形式名叫利默里克。/但没有人能解释它的名字。/有人认为源于一种游戏/或源于一群诗人。/如果你知道就到利默里克来。”〔Scottish〕Scottish is the full, original form of the adjective. Scots is an old Scottish variant of the form; Scotch is an English contraction of Scottish that at one time also came into use in Scotland ( as in Burns's"O thou, my Muse! guid auld Scotch drink!” ) but subsequently fell into disfavor.To some extent these facts can serve as a guide in choosing among the many variant forms of related words,such asScot, Scotsman or Scotswoman, or Scotchman or Scotchwoman, for one of the people of Scotland; Scots, (the) Scotch, or, rarely, (the) Scottish for the people of Scotland; andScots, Scotch, or Scottish for the dialect of English spoken in Scotland. The forms based onScotch are English and disfavored in Scotland, while those involving the full formScottish tend to be more formal. In the interest of civility, forms involvingScotch are best avoided in reference to people. But there is no sure rule for referring to things,since the history of variation in the use of these words has also left many expressions in which the choice is fixed,such asScotch broth, Scotch whisky, Scottish rite, and Scots Guards. Scottish 是这个形容词最完整，最原始的形式。 Scots 是这种形式的一种古老的苏格兰英语变体； Scotch 是苏格兰语的一个英语缩写形式并且苏格兰人曾用过( 例如波恩斯写过“喔你，我的灵感!最古代的苏格兰饮料!” )， 但后来就不令人喜欢了。在某种意义上讲这些事实可以帮助我们在那些有联系的各种变体中选择，例如Scot, Scotsman 或者 Scotswoman, 或者 Scotchman 或者 Scotchwoman, 来指定一个苏格兰的人； Scots, (the)Scotch, 或者，很少见的 (the) Scottish 来指定一个苏格兰人； 以及Scots, Scotch, 或者 Scottish 来指示在苏格兰讲的英语方言， 以Scotch 为基础的形式是英语在苏格兰不受欢迎， 但是包括完整形式Scottish 的那些形式趋向于更正式。 考虑到礼数时，带Scotch 的形式在指人时会被尽量回避的。 不过并没有一个固定的规则来指示事物，因为由于在使用这些字时不同变体的历史已经使许多表述方式固定下来了，例如苏格兰浓汤，苏格兰威士忌，苏格兰仪式 和 苏格兰卫兵 〔but〕No one but she saw the prowler.除了她以外没有一个人看见那个行窃者〔obedient〕"A more gentle and biddable invalid . . . can hardly be conceived" (Henry Kingsley).“再没有一个病人会这样温柔和听话了” （亨利·金斯利）。〔brave〕"So faithful in love, and so dauntless in war,/ There never was knight like the young Lochinvar" (Sir Walter Scott). “对爱情如此忠诚，对战斗如此无惧，/没有一个骑士能象年轻的洛秦瓦那样” （沃尔特·斯科特伯爵）。〔sterile〕Unfruitful literally means not bearing fruit or offspringand figuratively means not having a useful result: Unfruitful 字面意思为不结果实或生育的，比喻意义为没有一个有用结果的： 〔none〕None of the prisoners was given his soup. 没有一个犯人可以 脱逃。 〔neocon〕"The neocons and hard-liners have long felt that no Soviet leader could be trusted"(New York Times)“新保守主义者和顽固分子们一直感到没有一个苏联领导人可信”(纽约时报)〔all〕The constructionall that is used informally in questions and negative sentences to mean "to the degree expected,” as inI know it won an Oscar, but the film is not all that exciting. In an earlier survey, the Usage Panel rejected the use of this construction in formal writing. · Sentences of the formAll X's are not Y may be ambiguous. All of the departments did not file a report may mean that some departments did not file, or that none did. If the first meaning is intended,it can be unambiguously expressed by the sentenceNot all of the departments filed a report. If the second meaning is intended, a paraphrase such asNone of the departments filed a report or All of the departments failed to file a report can be used. Note that the same problem can arise with other universal terms likeevery in negated sentences, as in the ambiguousEvery department did not file a report. See Usage Note at every all that 这种句法作为非正式用语用于问句和否定句中，意思为“达到所期望的程度地”， 如我知道这部影片获了奥斯卡奖，但它并不那么激动人心 一句中。 在早先的一次调查中，用法使用小组不同意在正式书面语中用这一短语。All X's are not Y 类型的句子可能会造成歧义。 All of the departrnents did not file a report 可以指一些部门没有提出，也可以指没有一个部门提出。 如果指的是第一个意思，它可以通过以下这句话明确地表达出来，Not all of the departments file a report。 如果指的是第二个意思，如None of the departments file a report 或者 All of the departments failed to file a report 都可以把意思表达清楚。 注意这种情况在其他整体词如every 用在否定句时也会碰到， 如下面这个有歧义的句子Every department did not file a report 参见 every〔absent〕"Absent a legislative fix, this is an invitation for years of litigation"(Brian E. O'Neill)“没有一个明确的法令，这是引起这些年讼争的原因”(布赖恩E.奥涅尔)〔no〕from Old English nān [none] 源自 古英语 nān [没有一个] 〔honor〕"There is no country in which so absolute a homage is paid to wealth" (Ralph Waldo Emerson).“没有一个国家对财富显示如此绝对的敬意” （拉尔夫·华尔多·爱默生）。〔no〕Not any; not one; not a:毫无：没有任何；没有一个；没有：〔inactive〕"No other colony showed such supine, selfish helplessness in allowing her own border citizens to be mercilessly harried" (Theodore Roosevelt).“没有一个别的殖民地在自己边界上的居民被无情地蹂躏时能表现出这样一种苟安的、自私的无助” （希奥多·罗斯福）〔unplanned〕Having no particular purpose, organization, or structure; random.散漫的：没有一个特定的目的，组织或结构的；散漫的〔annul〕Latin nullus [none] * see ne 拉丁语 nullus [没有一个] * 参见 ne 〔corner〕"Neither party . . . has a corner on all the good ideas"(George B. Merry)“没有一个政党能独占所有的好处”(乔治B.梅里) |
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