| 单词 | 民众 |
| 释义 | 〔Jackson〕American singer whose powerful performances and recordings, such as "Move on up a Little Higher" (1945), did much to popularize gospel music among general audiences.杰克逊，迈哈莱：(1911-1972) 美国歌星，其强有力的表演和唱片，如“继续向上移高一点”(1945年），对在民众中普及福音音乐起了很大作用〔Barabbas〕In the New Testament, the condemned thief whose release, instead of that of Jesus, was demanded of Pilate by the multitude.巴拉巴斯：《新约》中被判刑的小偷，民众要求彼拉特释放他而处死耶稣〔public〕Of, concerning, or affecting the community or the people:公共的，公众的：社会或民众的，与社会或民众有关的或影响社会或民众的：〔demotic〕from dēmos [people] * see dā- 源自 dēmos [民众] * 参见 dā- 〔bay〕a mob baying its fury.愤怒得吼叫的民众〔Duvalier〕Haitian dictator. Elected president in 1957, he declared himself president for life in 1964 and ruled in an authoritarian manner until his death. His sonJean-Claude (born 1951), known as "Baby Doc,” succeeded him in 1971 but fled the country in 1986 after widespread civil unrest. 杜瓦利埃，弗朗索瓦：(1907-1971) 海地独裁者。1957年当选总统，1964年他宣布自己任终身总统并实行独裁统治直到去世。他的儿子杰·克劳德 （生于1951年），人称“多克宝贝”，1971年继承父位，在大规模的民众动乱之后，1986年逃离海地 〔sign〕"The V sign is the symbol of the unconquerable will of the occupied territories" (Winston S. Churchill)."V"这个标志表明了占领区民众不可征服的意志” （温斯顿·S·丘吉尔）。〔mob〕The mass of common people; the populace.民众：一群普通人；老百姓〔holocaust〕When referring to the massive destruction of human beings by other human beings,holocaust has a secure place in the language. Fully 99 percent of the Usage Panel accepts the use ofholocaust in the phrase nuclear holocaust. Sixty percent accepts the sentenceAs many as two million people may have died in the holocaust that followed the Khmer Rouge takeover in Cambodia. But because of its associations with genocide,extended applications ofholocaust may not always be received with equanimity. When the word is used to refer to death brought about by natural causes,the percentage of the Panel's acceptance drops sharply.Only 31 percent of the Panel accepts the sentence holocaust 在指人类之间大规模的杀害时用法稳定。 百分之九十九的用法专题使用小组成员接受holocaust 在 nuclear holocaust 中的用法。 百分之六十的成员接受在红色高棉组织接管柬埔寨之后，高达两百万的民众死于那场大屠杀 。 但由于它和种族灭绝有一定联系，人们并不总能很平静地接受holocaust 的引申用法。 当用这个词表示由于自然灾害引起的死亡时，用法小组接受的百分比明显下降。只有百分之三十一的成员同意这样的用法： 〔herd〕The multitude of common people regarded as a mass:民众：被看作群众的许多普通人：〔Saarland〕A region of southwest Germany in the Saar River valley on the border with France. Because of its extensive coal deposits, it was long contested between Germany and France, especially after World War I, when the League of Nations assigned the administration of the newly formedSaar Territory to France. After a 1935 plebiscite Saarland became a German province, but it was again placed under French control in 1945. The notion of an autonomous Saarland was rejected by the populace in 1955, and the region officially became a state of West Germany in 1957. 萨尔州：德国西南部一地区，位于与法国交界处萨尔河谷内。因其广为分布的煤矿资源，德国和法国对它进行了长期争夺，尤其是第一次世界大战后国际联盟规定了新形成的萨尔边界 的行政管理归法国后争夺加剧。1935年公民投票后萨尔州成为德国一个省，但1945年又受控于法国。1955年广大民众拒绝了萨尔州自治的提法，1957年该州正式成为西德的一个州 〔hopefully〕And though this use ofhopefully may have been a vogue word when it first gained currency 30 years ago, it has long since lost any taint of jargon or pretentiousness for the general reader.The well-attested acceptance of the usage reflects an implicit popular recognition of its usefulness;there is no precise substitute.Someone who saysHopefully, the treaty will be ratified makes a hopeful prediction about the fate of the treaty,whereas someone who saysI hope (or We hope or It is hoped ) the treaty will be ratified expresses a bald statement about what is desired. Only the latter could be continued with a clause such asbut it isn't likely. · It might have been expected, then, that the initial flurry of objections tohopefully would have subsided once the usage became well established. Instead, increased currency of the usage appears only to have made the critics more adamant.In the 1969 Usage Panel survey the usage was acceptable to 44 percent of the Panel;in the most recent survey it was acceptable to only 27 percent.(By contrast, 60 percent accepted the analogous use ofmercifully in the sentence Mercifully, the game ended before the opponents could add another touchdown to the lopsided score. ) Yet the Panel has not shown any signs of becoming generally more conservative:in the very same survey panelists were disposed to accept once-vilified usagessuch as the employment ofcontact and host as verbs. · It seems that this use ofhopefully has been made a litmus test, which distinguishes writers who take an active interest in questions of grammar or usage from the great mass of people who keep their own linguistic counsel.No one can be blamed who useshopefully in blithe ignorance of the critics' disdain for it, since the rule could not be derived from any general concern for clarity or precision.But writers who are aware of the critical controversy face a more delicate decision.Some will simply flout the rule,seeing no reason that they should be deprived of a useful construction.Others may choose to avoid the usage,whether they are motivated by discretion or civility. ·Like other sentence adverbs such asbluntly and happily, hopefully may occasionally be ambiguous. In the sentenceHopefully, the company has launched a new venture, the word hopefully might be construed as describing the point of view of either the speaker or the subject. Such ambiguities can be resolved either by repositioning the adverb (as inThe company has launched the new venture hopefully ) or by choosing a paraphrase ( One may hope that the company has launched the new venture ). 尽管hopefully 的这一用法在30年前首次通用的时候曾是个时兴词， 但对于广大读者来说它早已失去了俚语或矫饰的色彩。屡经证实的对这一用法的接受反映了对其实用性的普遍默认；而且并不存在其他精确的代用词。有人如果说但愿条约能被批准 ， 便是对条约的命运作了充满希望的预测，反之如果有人说我希望 （或 我们希望 或 希望 ) 条约将会被批准 则表达了对其期望之物的大胆声明。 只有后者可以接从句象但这不大可能 。 也许我们本可以期待当这一用法已变得根深蒂固之后， 对hopefully 的一片反对声可稍事平息。 然而，这一用法的流行似乎反而使批评家们更为坚定。在1969年用法调查使用小组的调查中44%的成员接受这一用法；在最近一次的调查中却只有27%的成员接受。（相比之下，60%的人接受mercifully 在句子 幸好，在对手能够给这一边倒的比分再加上一分之前，比赛就结束了 中的类似用法） 但是并没有任何迹象表明调查小组成员正在普遍变得更保守：在同一次调查中小组成员们倾向于接受被一度废除的某些用法，如把contact 和 host 用作动词看来。 似乎hopefully 的用法已经成了一块试金石， 它把对语法和用法怀有浓厚兴趣的作家和保留着他们自己的语言学顾问的广大民众区分开来。那些全然忽视批评家们的蔑视使用hopefully 的人不该受到指责， 因为规则并不来源于任何对清晰和精确的关注。但是意识到了批评界争议的作者们面对着一个更为微妙的决定。有些人干脆违反规则，他们认为没有理由要失去这么一个实用的结构。另外一些人则选择避免这一用法，无论其动机是出于谨慎还是出于礼貌。象许多其它句中副词如bluntly 和 happily一样，hopefully 经常出现歧义。 在下句 Hopefully, the company has launched a new venture 中， hopefully 一词可以解释为记述说话者的观点或者句中主语的观点。 这种歧义可以通过调换副词位置（如公司已经满怀希望地到办了一个新企业 )或选择另一种说法( 有人希望这个公司已经创办了一个新企业 )来消除 〔democracy〕The common people, considered as the primary source of political power.民众：被视为政治力量的主要源泉的人民大众〔last〕"I know no safe depository of the ultimate powers of the society but the people themselves" (Thomas Jefferson).“只有民众自身才真正蕴藏着社会的最终力量。” （托马斯·杰佛逊）〔mob〕A large disorderly crowd or throng.See Synonyms at crowd 1群氓：一大群妨碍治安的民众或人群 参见 crowd1〔public〕In such a way as to be visible to the scrutiny of the people:公开地：以一种能被民众密切观察的方式：〔country〕The people of a nation or state; populace:国民：国家的人民；民众：〔Quincy〕American Revolutionary patriot who traveled to England to present the colonists' grievances (1774-1775). His sonJosiah (1772-1864) was a U.S. representative from Massachusetts (1804-1813) who opposed involvement in the War of 1812 and served as mayor of Boston (1823-1829) and president of Harvard University (1829-1845). 昆西，约西亚：(1744-1775) 美国独立战争时期的爱国英雄，1774年到1775年间，他前往英国提交殖民地民众的申诉。他的儿子约赛亚 (1772-1864年）是马萨诸塞州的众议员(1804-1813年），他反对参加1812年的战争。1823年到1829年任波士顿市长，1829年到1845年为哈佛大学的校长 〔demos〕The common people; the populace.民众：普通人；公众〔uprising〕A sometimes limited popular revolt against a constituted government or its policies.See Synonyms at rebellion 起义，暴动：有时有限的民众对合法的政府或对它所执行的政策的反抗 参见 rebellion〔rabble〕The lowest or coarsest class of people:下层民众：最低或最粗俗的民众阶层：〔herd〕"It is the luxurious and dissipated who set the fashions which the herd so diligently follow"(Henry David Thoreau)“是奢侈和放荡的人制造了民众孜孜不倦地追求的时尚”(亨利·戴维·梭罗)〔public〕The community or the people as a whole.公众：作为一个整体的社会或民众〔costume〕A style of dress characteristic of a particular country, period, or people, often worn in a play or at a masquerade.服装：有某一国家、时期或民众的特点的衣着样式，通常在戏剧或化妆舞会上穿〔demagogue〕A leader who obtains power by means of impassioned appeals to the emotions and prejudices of the populace.煽动者，政治家：通过慷慨激昂的手段赚取民众的情感或偏见而得到权力的领导者〔public〕Maintained for or used by the people or community:公用的：为民众或社会保养的或供他们使用的：〔work〕worked the mob into a frenzy.使这些民众疯狂〔public〕Connected with or acting on behalf of the people, community, or government:公众的，代表的：与民众、社会或政府相联系的，或代表民众、社会或政府行事的： |
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