| 单词 | 每个人 |
| 释义 | 〔which〕The antecedent ofwhich can sometimes be a sentence or clause, as opposed to a noun phrase,as inShe ignored him, which proved to be unwise. They swept the council elections,which could never have happened under the old rules. Such examples are unexceptionable,but care should be taken that this usage does not cause ambiguities.The sentenceIt emerged that Edna made the complaint, which surprised everybody may mean either that the complaint was surprising or that it was surprising that Edna made it. The ambiguity can be avoided with paraphrases such asIt emerged that Edna made the complaint, a revelation that surprised everybody. ? In its use to refer to the contents of sentences and clauses,which should be used only when it is preceded by its antecedent. When the antecedent follows,what should be used, particularly in formal style: Still, he has not said he will withdraw, which is more surprising but Still, what (not which ) is more surprising, he has not said he will withdraw. See Usage Note at that ,what ,whose which 的先行词有时可为一个句子或一个从句， 与名词短语相对立，如在句子她忽视了他，结果证明这是不明智的。 他们在委员会选举中一举获胜，这在旧体制下是永远不会发生的。 这样的例子是无懈可击的，但应该小心谨慎以使这种用法不致于引起模棱两可。句子It emerged that Edna made the complaint, which surprised everybody（埃德娜发出了使每个人都很吃惊的怨言） 既可以指怨气让人吃惊也可以指抱怨的是埃德娜而让人吃惊。 用例如It emerged that Edna made the complaint, a revelation that surprised everybody.（埃德娜大加抱怨，这发现让大家都很吃惊） 这样的句子就可以避免模棱两可。 在它被用来指句子或从句内容时，which 只用在先行词在其前面时。 当先行词跟在后面时，就应该用what ，特别是在正式文体中： Still, he has not said he will withdraw, which is more surprising（他依然还是没说他将退出，这更让人吃惊） 但另外一种形式 Still, what （不用 which ) is more surprising, he has not said he will withdraw.（然而，更让人吃惊的是他还是没说他将退出） 参见 that,what,whose〔anomaly〕"Both men are anomalies: they have . . . likable personalities but each has made his reputation as a heavy"(David Pauly)“两个人都很特别：他们有…相似的个性但每个人都有他自己的性格”(戴维·保利)〔quote〕As a transitive verbquote is appropriately used to describe the use of an exact wording drawn from another source. When the original source is paraphrased or alluded to,the more general termcite is usually preferable. · The nounquote is well established as a truncation of quotation, though many critics regard it as unduly journalistic or breezy.As such, it is best avoided in formal literary discussions.The use of the noun was acceptable to only 38 percent of the Usage Panel in the sentenceHe began the chapter with a quote from the Bible. But the usage is less objectionable in informal contexts or in reference to less august sources;the word was acceptable to 53 percent of the Panel in the sentenceHe lightened up his talk by throwing in quotes from Marx Brothers movies. · The nounquote is sometimes used as a synonym for "dictum, saying,” as inHis career is just one more validation of Andy Warhol's quote that "in the future, everybody will be famous for fifteen minutes.” This example was unacceptable to 76 percent of the Usage Panel.作为一个及物动词，用quote 一词来指从另一出处中抄取完全一样的用语是很恰当的。 当原文出处被意译或是间接提及时，一个意义更广泛的词cite 更可取。 quote 这名词形式是由 quatation 削减而来，也已被普遍接受， 虽然许多批评家认为这个词染有不恰当的记者文风或不太正式。因此，在正式的文学讨论中最好避免使用。在用法专题使用小组的调查中，只有38%的人认为这个名词在这章的开始他引用了《圣经》中的一段 文字 这个句子中的用法是可行的。 但在不正式的语境下或提及的出处不很严肃时，对于这种用法的反对意见要少一些。在他插入了一段引自马克斯兄弟电影中的 话 来活跃谈话气氛 这个句子中， 53%的小组成员认为这个词可以接受。 Quote 这个名词有时也可用作“格言、名言”的同义词， 如在他的一生再一次证实了安迪·霍尔的 格言 “将来，每个人都将享有十五分钟的知名度” 这个句子中， 用法专题使用小组中76%的成员认为这个例句无法接受〔all〕Each; apiece:每个人；每件事：〔virtually〕"Virtually everyone gets a headache now and then"(People)“每个人几乎都要不时地头疼”(民族)〔they〕Every person has rights under the law, but they don't always know them.See Usage Note at he 1每个人都有权遵守法律，但他们常常不知道 参见 he1〔fluid〕"Everyone seems to . . . share in an intricate set of lore from the past and present whose deliciousness somehow would be ruined if Britain were a truly fluid society"(Nicholas Lemann)“每个人看上去…都拥有这样一套从过去和现在的经历中得来的复杂的知识，而如果英国社会动脉真的不流畅的话，这种知识的有趣就将或多或少地遭到破坏”(尼古拉斯·里曼恩)〔every〕Every is representative of a large class of English words and expressions that are singular in formbut felt to be plural in sense.The class includes, for example, noun phrases introduced byevery, any, and certain uses of some. These expressions invariably take a singular verb;we say Every car has (not have ) been tested. Anyone is (not are ) liable to fall ill. But when a sentence contains a pronoun whose antecedent is introduced byevery, grammar and sense pull in different directions.The grammar of these expressions requires a singular pronoun, as in Every car must have its brakes tested, but people persist in using the plural pronoun,as in Every car must have their brakes tested. Although the latter pattern is common in the speech of all groups,it is still widely regarded as grammatically incorrect in writing. ·The effort to adhere to the grammatical rule leads to various complications, however.The first is grammatical.When a pronoun refers to a phrase containingevery or any that falls within a different independent clause, the pronoun cannot be singular.Thus it is simply not English to sayEvery man left; he took his raincoat with him. Nor can one sayNo one could be seen, could he? Writers unwilling to use plural forms in these examples must find another way of expressing their meaning,either by rephrasing the sentence so as to get the pronoun into the same clause (as inEvery man left, taking his raincoat with him ) or by substituting another word forevery or any (as in All the men left; they took their raincoats with them. ) · The second complication is political.When a phrase introduced byevery or any refers to a group containing both men and women, what shall be the gender of the singular pronoun?This matter is discussed in the Usage Note athe. See Usage Note at all ,any ,each ,either ,he 1neither ,none Every 是一大类英语单词和短语的代表， 它们在形式上是单数的，但在意义上感觉起来却是复数。例如，这一类词中所包括的由every，any 和某些用法中的 some 所引导的名词短语。 这些短语毫无例外的跟单数动词，我们说每辆车都已 （不是 have ） 被测试过。 每个人都（不是 are ） 会生病 。 但是当一个句子中包括一个由先行词every 引导的代词时， 从句法和意义上就要区分不同的情况了。象每一辆车必须测试它的制动器 这样的表达法在语法上要求使用一单数代词， 但人们总习惯于用复数代词，象Every car must have their brakes tested 这样。 虽然后面这种形式在各种团体的讲话中非常普遍，但它在写作中仍广泛地被认为是语法上的错误。无论如何，坚持语法规则的努力总会导致各种各样的复杂问题。首先是语法上的复杂性。当一个代词指代一个短语，而这个短语中包括every 或 any 属于另一个与此代词所在子句不同的独立子句中时， 这个代词不能用单数形式。因此很容易理解英国人为何不说每个人离开时，都拿着各自的雨衣 ， 也不说没有人会被看到，不是吗？ 。 不愿意在这些例子中用复数形式的书写者必须找到另外一种表达他们意思的方法，或者可以通过重新改变句子的说法以使代词与其指代的短语同属一个从句中（如Every man left， taking his raincoat with him ）， 或者通过以另一个词代替every 或 any 的方法（如 All the man left；they took their raincoats with them ）。 第二是政治上的复杂性。当一个被every 或 any 引导的短语指代的一个团体中既有男人又有女人时， 单数代词的词性怎么确定呢？这个问题在单词he的用法说明中将被讨论 参见 all,any,each,either,he1neither,none〔flutter〕Everyone was in a flutter over the news that the director was resigning.局长辞职的消息使每个人都极为不安〔anyone〕The one-word formanyone is used to mean "any person.” The two-word formany one is used to mean "whatever one (person or thing) of a group.” Anyone may join means that admission is open to everybody. Any one may join means that admission is open to one person only. When followed byof, only any one can be used: Any one (not anyone ) of the boys could carry it by himself. · Anyone is often used in place of everyone in sentences like She is the most thrifty person of anyone I know. In an earlier survey 64 percent of the Usage Panel found this sentence unacceptable in writing. ·Anyone and anybody are singular terms and always take a singular verb. See Usage Note at he 1单个词的形式anyone 用来表示“任何一人”。 两个词的形式any one 是指“一组里的任何一个（人或物）”。 Anyone may join 是指每个人都可进入。 Any one may join 意思是只有一个人可以进入。 当后面接of 时，只能用 any one ： Any one （不用 anyone ） of the boys could carry it by himself（任何一个孩子都可以提得动它） 。 Anyone 在有些句子里常取代 everyone ，如： 她是我认识的人中最节俭的 。 在早期的一次调查中，用法使用小组64%的成员认为该句子在书面语中不能接受。Anyone 和 anybody 是单数形式的名词，总搭配单数动词。 参见 he1〔partnership〕A legal contract entered into by two or more persons in which each agrees to furnish a part of the capital and labor for a business enterprise, and by which each shares a fixed proportion of profits and losses.合伙契约：两个人或多个人签订的法律契约，每个人都同意为一个商业实体出一部分资金和劳力，从而每个人都可分享固定比例的一部分利润和承担固定比例的一部分损失〔light〕Light In Quaker doctrine, the guiding spirit or divine presence in each person. Light 圣灵亮光：贵格教义中，每个人都具有的神意或心灵之光〔allot〕allotted 20 minutes to each speaker.See Synonyms at assign 分配给每个人20分钟讲话时间 参见 assign〔tax〕a boss who taxed everyone's patience.耗费每个人的忍耐力的老板〔fuss〕Everyone made a fuss over the new baby.每个人都为新生儿瞎操心〔expatiate〕expatiated on the subject until everyone was bored.详细地描写那个物体直到每个人都厌烦了〔work〕The ratio works out to an odd number. It worked out that everyone left on the same train.比例结果是奇数。结果每个人都乘同一列火车离开〔all〕Everyone; everything:每个人；每件东西：〔trick〕One such round.一圈：每个人都打出一张牌的一轮〔worse〕For better or worse, he trusts everyone.不管怎么样，他相信每个人〔right〕 Privilege usually suggests a right not enjoyed by everyone: Privilege 通常指不是每个人都能享受的权利： 〔enmity〕"If we could read the secret history of our enemies, we should find in each man's life sorrow and suffering enough to disarm all hostility" (Henry Wadsworth Longfellow).“如果我们能够读懂我们敌人的内心私史，我们就会在每个人的生活中找到足够的悲伤和痛苦来消释所有的敌意” （亨利·瓦兹沃斯·朗费罗）。〔have〕had everyone fascinated.把每个人都吸引住了〔urge〕"Isaacs hesitated long,but as everyone pressed him in turn,he yielded at last" (Francis Marion Crawford).“艾萨克斯犹豫了很长时间，但在每个人轮流向他施压的情况下，他最终屈服了” （弗兰西斯·玛丽昂·克劳福德）。〔chiasmus〕"Each throat/Was parched, and glazed each eye"(Samuel Taylor Coleridge)“每个人都嗓子冒烟、目光呆滞”(塞缪尔·泰勒·科尔里奇)〔price〕maintained that every person has a price.认为每个人都可用贿金买通〔payroll〕A list of employees receiving wages or salaries, with the amounts due to each.薪金名册：领工资或薪金的雇员名单，带有每个人应付数额〔bloody〕"Everyone wants to have a convict in his bloody family tree"(Robert Hughes)“每个人都希望在自己的家族中有一个有罪的人”(罗伯特·休斯)〔abstinence〕Teetotalers preach temperance for everyone.完全戒酒者为每个人祈祷节制饮酒。〔Everyman〕An ordinary person, representative of the human race.每个人：普通人，人类的代表〔beautiful〕"Every man feels instinctively that all the beautiful sentiments in the world weigh less than a single lovely action" (James Russell Lowell). “每个人都本能地感觉世界上所有美好的感情合起来也不如一个单一的可爱的行动有份量” （詹姆斯·拉塞尔·洛威尔）。〔calm〕"Not everyone shared his placid temperament.Several cursed the delays" (Samuel G. Freedman). “并非每个人都象他那样迟钝地忍耐。好几个人诅咒这次的延误” （塞缪尔G·弗里德曼）。〔replace〕"Each of us carries his own life-form—an indeterminable form which cannot be superseded by any other" (Carl Jung).我们每个人都有自己的生活方式-一种无法查明、不能被其它任何一种方式取代的方式” （卡尔·荣格）〔truth〕"Every man is fully satisfied that there is such a thing as truth, or he would not ask any questions" (Charles S. Peirce). “每个人都充分相信真理这一事物存在，否则他不会问任何问题” （查尔斯S.皮尔斯）。 〔particularly〕"Everyone has a moment in history which belongs particularly to him"(John Knowles)“每个人在历史上都有只属于他自己的一刻”(约翰·诺里斯)〔prioritize〕"Everyone should take time to be alone, to prioritize and meditate"(Art Linkletter)“每个人都应花时间独处，以理清事物的轻重缓急和进行反省”(阿特·林克莱特)〔Jonson〕English actor and writer. Among his major plays areEvery Man in His Humour (1598) and Volpone (1606). 琼森，本杰明：(1572-1637) 英国演员、作家。他的主要剧作有《每个人有自己的脾气》 (1598年）和 《优尔波恩》 (1606年） 〔sit〕The idea didn't sit well with any of us.这个主意与我们每个人的意思都相违背〔repel〕Her rudeness repels everyone.See Synonyms at disgust See Usage Note at repulse 她的粗鲁使每个人都很反感 参见 disgust 参见 repulse〔culture〕"These questions of taste, of feeling, of inheritance, need no settlement.Every one carries his own inch-rule of taste" (Henry Adams). “这些关于品味、感觉、遗传的问题，无需得到解决。每个人都有各自衡量审美力的标准” （亨利·亚当斯） |
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