| 单词 | 残酷 |
| 释义 | 〔jungle〕A place or milieu characterized by intense, often ruthless competition or struggle for survival:弱肉强食的地方：为生存而残酷竞争或斗争的地方：〔cruelty〕The quality or condition of being cruel.残忍，残酷：残忍、残酷的性质或状态〔tyrant〕An oppressive, harsh, arbitrary person.压迫的，残酷的，专横的人〔denier〕a denier of harsh realities.否认残酷现实的人〔Solzhenitsyn〕Soviet writer and dissident whose works, includingOne Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962) and The Gulag Archipelago (1973-1975), exposed the brutality of the Soviet labor camp system. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1970. 索忍尼辛，亚历山大·伊萨耶维奇：(生于 1918) 苏联作家和持不同政见者，其作品包括《伊凡的一天》 （1962年）及 《古拉格群岛》 （1973年-1975年），揭露了苏联劳改营的野蛮残酷。他于1970年获诺贝尔文学奖 〔sugarcoat〕a sentimental treatment that sugercoats a harsh reality.粉饰了残酷现实的一种感伤的处理〔Stuyvesant〕Dutch colonial administrator. The last Dutch governor (1646-1664) of New Netherland, he was unpopular for his harsh leadership and in 1664 was forced to surrender the colony to England.斯图佛逊，彼得：(1592?-1672) 荷兰殖民统治者，他是新荷兰的最后的一位荷兰的统治者(1646-1664年），因为其残酷的统治而不受人们欢迎，终于1664年被迫将该殖民地拱手让给英国〔rod〕"under the rod of a cruel slavery"(John Henry Newman)“在残酷的奴隶统治下”(约翰·亨利·纽曼)〔ill〕Harmful; cruel.有害的；残酷的〔Fredericksburg〕An independent city of northeast Virginia north of Richmond. In the Battle of Fredericksburg (December 1862) Ambrose Burnside's Union forces were defeated by Robert E. Lee's smaller Confederate army in one of the bloodiest battles of the Civil War. Population, 19,027.弗雷德里克斯堡：美国弗吉尼亚州东北部一独立城市，在里士满以北。弗雷德里克斯堡战役中(1862年12月）安布罗斯·伯恩赛德率领的联邦军被数量上占劣势的罗伯特·艾·李率领的邦联军战败，这次战役是内战中最为血腥残酷的战役之一。人口19,027〔Antietam〕A creek of north-central Maryland emptying into the Potomac River. The bloody and inconclusive Civil War Battle of Antietam (or Sharpsburg, as it is often called in the South) was fought along its banks on September 17, 1862.安提塔姆：美国马里兰州中北部的一条小河，注入波托马克河。1862年9月17日在其沿岸进了残酷而未分胜败的安提塔姆内战（南方人称之为沙珀斯堡）〔taste〕"Thousands entered the war, got just a taste of it, and then stepped out"(Mark Twain)“数以千计的人投入战场，在仅仅初识战争的残酷之后，马上抽身而出”(马克·吐温)〔mean〕Cruel, spiteful, or malicious.残酷的、可恶的或怀有恶意的〔Procne〕An Athenian princess who avenged the betrayal and cruelty of her husband, Tereus, by killing their son. She and her sister Philomela were changed into swallows as Tereus pursued them.普洛克涅：雅典公主，为了报复其丈夫蒂留斯的残酷和背叛，杀死了他们的儿子。她和她的妹妹菲洛梅拉，在被蒂留斯追逐时都被变成了燕子〔surrender〕"Our cruel and unrelenting enemy leaves us only the choice of brave resistance, or the most abject submission" (George Washington).“我们残酷而无情的敌人留给我们的选择只有勇敢的抵抗或者最奴颜卑膝的投降” （乔治·华盛顿）。〔truculence〕Ferociously cruel actions or behavior.凶猛，残忍：狂暴残酷的行径〔Galerius〕Emperor of Rome (305-311). Despite a ruthless reign characterized by the persecution of Christians, he issued an edict of religious toleration shortly before his death.加莱里乌斯：罗马皇帝，虽实行以迫害基督教徒为特征的残酷统治，却在临死前发布了一个宗教信仰自由的敕令〔Nero〕Emperor of Rome (54-68) whose early reign was dominated by his mother, Agrippina the Younger. He had his mother and wife murdered, and he may have set the Great Fire of Rome (64). His cruelty and irresponsibility provoked widespread revolts, which led to his suicide.尼禄：罗马皇帝(54-68年），他早期的统治由其母阿格丽皮娜操纵，他谋杀了其母亲和妻子。64年的罗马大火可能是他操纵的。他的残酷与渎职引发了广泛的暴动致使他自杀身亡〔cruel〕Barbarous suggests harshness and cruelty that befit only primitive human beings: Barbarous 意指只对原始人类有利的无情和残酷： 〔trick〕"One of history's cruelest tricks is to take words that sounded good at the time and make them sound pretty stupid"(David Owen)“历史最残酷的捉弄之一是将一些当时听起来很正确的话变得非常愚蠢”(戴维·欧文)〔set〕"The mental set of an audience is crucial to his performance"(Psychology Today)“观众的先入之见对他的表演来说是残酷的”(今日心理学)〔Caligula〕Emperor of Rome (37-41) who succeeded his adoptive father, Tiberius. After a severe illness, he displayed the ruthlessness, extravagance, and megalomania that led to his assassination.卡利古拉：罗马帝王（37-41年在位），他继承了他养父提比略。在一场重病之后，他显示出残酷、荒淫无度以及狂妄自大，从而致使他被谋杀〔massacre〕To kill indiscriminately and wantonly; slaughter.大屠杀；屠宰：大规模且残酷的屠杀；杀戮〔Commodus〕Emperor of Rome (180-192) who ruled in a cruel and violent manner. He was murdered in a conspiracy led by his mistress.康莫得斯，卢修斯·埃尔留斯·奥勒留斯：() 罗马皇帝（180-192年），以残酷的和凶暴的方式统治，被其情妇领导的反叛杀死〔rebellion〕The 1956 uprising in Hungary was soon quelled by ruthless Soviet military action. 1956年匈牙利起义很快被残酷的苏联军队镇压了下去 〔brute〕"the brutal amusements of the bullbaiting or the cockpit" (William Howitt).Bothbeastly and bestial imply degeneracy or moral degradation: “纵狗咬牛或斗鸡的残酷娱乐” （威廉·豪威特）。beastly 和 beastial 含有堕落，道德腐化的意思： 〔outrageous〕was subjected to outrageous cruelty. What isflagrant is glaringly or scandalously reprehensible: 被残酷地对待。 Flagrant 指的事物是明显或可耻地该当责难的： 〔oppression〕The act of oppressing; arbitrary and cruel exercise of power:压迫：压迫的行为；武断地和残酷地利用权力：〔Decius〕Emperor of Rome (249-251) who was proclaimed emperor by his soldiers against his will. His reign was marked by severe persecution of Christians.德西乌斯：罗马帝国皇帝(249-251年），由部下拥立称帝。在位期间残酷迫害基督教徒〔tread〕To subdue harshly or cruelly; crush.镇压：严厉或残酷地压制；挤压〔wanton〕Gratuitously cruel; merciless.残酷的：无缘无故地残忍的；冷酷无情的〔merciless〕Having no mercy; cruel.无怜悯之心的；残酷的〔raw〕Cruel and unfair:残酷的，不公平的：〔ghastly〕Grim refers to what repels because of its stern or fierce aspect or its harsh, relentless nature: Grim 指因为它苛刻的或残忍的样子或它自身恶劣的、残酷的本性： 〔smart〕To suffer or pay a heavy penalty.受罚：受到残酷惩罚的折磨〔remorseless〕Unyielding; relentless.不屈服的；残酷的〔barbarism〕There is a significant difference in meaning betweenbarbarism and barbarity. Both denote some absence of civilization,but the wordcivilization itself has several different senses, one the opposite ofbarbarism, the other the opposite of barbarity. On the one handcivilization may refer to the scientific, artistic, and cultural attainments of advanced societies; and it is this sense that figures in the meaning ofbarbarism. The English wordbarbarism originally referred to incorrect use of language, but it is now used more generally to refer to ignorance or crudity in matters of taste, including verbal expression:The New Yorker would never tolerate such barbarisms. On the other hand,civilization may refer to the basic social order that allows people to resolve their differences peaceably, and it is this sense—that is, civilization as opposed to savagery—that figures in the meaning ofbarbarity, which refers to savage brutality or cruelty in actions,as inThe accounts of the emperor's barbarity shocked the world. 在barbarism 与 barbarity 之间意义有明显的区别。 虽然两者都包含不文明的意思，但civilization 一词本身有好几种意思， 一种与barbarism 相反，另一种与 barbarity 相反。 一方面civilization 可以指在发达社会中科学、艺术、文化方面取得的成就， 这层意义能在barbarism 中得到体现。 英语词barbarism 最先指语音不正确的使用， 现在却更多地用来指品味方面的无知与鄙俗，包括动词表示法，例如：这个 纽约人 从不会容忍这些低级趣味。 另一方面，civilization 还可以指允许人们和平地彼此同化的社会基本规则。 在这个意义上，“文明”作为“残暴”的反义词，在barbarity 中得以体现， 指残酷的暴行或行为方面的残忍，例如句子这个皇帝的暴行被报道之后震惊了全世界 〔ogre〕A person who is felt to be particularly cruel, brutish, or hideous.可怕的人，残酷的人：让人感到特别残忍、野蛮或可怕的人〔Hippias〕Athenian tyrant (527-510) who governed with his brother Hipparchus. After his brother's assassination, he ruled brutally until he was exiled by the Spartans (510).希庇亚斯：雅典暴君(527-510年）与其共同统治雅典在其遇刺之后，他残酷地统治人民最终被斯巴达人流放(510年）〔unmitigated〕Not diminished or moderated in intensity or severity; unrelieved:未减轻的：未在强度或残酷程度上减小或放宽的；未被缓解的： |
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