| 单词 | 格里 |
| 释义 | 〔gerrymander〕(sala)mander [from the shape of an election district created while Gerry was governor of Massachusetts] (sala)mander [格里任马萨诸塞州州长时从选区形状产生] 〔gerrymander〕"An official statement of the returns of voters for senators give[s] twenty nine friends of peace, and eleven gerrymanders.”So reported the May 12, 1813, edition of theMassachusetts Spy. A gerrymander sounds like a strange political beast,which in fact it is, considered from a historical perspective.This beast was named by combining the wordsalamander, "a small lizardlike amphibian,” with the last name of Elbridge Gerry, a former governor of Massachusetts— a state noted for its varied, often colorful political fauna.Gerry (whose name, incidentally, was pronounced with a hardg, though gerrymander is now commonly pronounced with a soft g ) was immortalized in this way because an election district created by members of his party in 1812 looked like a salamander.According to one version of howgerrymander was coined, the shape of the district attracted the eye of the painter Gilbert Stuart,who noticed it on a map hanging in a newspaper editor's office.Stuart decorated the map with a head, wings, and clawsand then said to the editor, "That will do for a salamander!”"Gerrymander!” came the reply.A new political beast was created then and there.The word is first recorded in April 1812 with respect to the creature or its caricature,but it soon came to mean not only "the action of shaping a district to gain political advantage"but also "any representative elected from such a district by that method.”Within the same yeargerrymander was also recorded as a verb. “一份答复参议员选举人的官方声明宣布了二十九个和平伙伴和十一个不公正划分的选区。”在1813年3月12日的一期马萨诸塞州观察报 上有如上报导。 一个不公正划分选区听起来象是一个奇怪的政治怪兽，事实上它是来自历史上的观点。这个怪兽是由两个词合并而命名的，即salamander “一种蜥蜴状的两栖动物，”及马萨诸塞州州长埃尔布里奇·格里的姓。 而马萨诸萨州以其多变的、通常多姿多彩的政治动物群而闻名。格里（他的名字碰巧发重音g， 尽管 gerrymander 现在普遍发轻音 g， ）以此种方式而垂名史册， 因为1812年由他所在党成员组建的选举区就象一只蝾螈。根据一种gerrymander 如何被创造的观点， 该区的形状吸引了一位画家基尔伯特·斯图亚特，他在一家报纸的主编办公室里挂在墙上的地图中发现了它。斯图尔特又画上头、翅膀和爪子，然后对主编说，“那就象只蝾螈了！”"Gerrymander！”主编回答道。此时此地一个新的政治怪兽产生了。这个词于1812年4月首次被记录是在谈到这种牲畜或讽刺的画中，但很快，它就不仅意味“为赢得政治优势的改变区划的行动”，而且有“用此种方法选出的任何代表”的意思。同年gerrymander 也被作为一个动词而记载下来 〔Farmer〕American electrical pioneer who invented an incandescent lamp (1859) and a dynamo (1866) and with them electrically lit a house (1868).法默，摩西·格里什：(1820-1893) 美国电气学先驱，发明了白炽灯(1859年）和一台发电机(1866年）并用它们供电照明房间(1868年）〔hypostasis〕The essential person of Jesus in which his human and divine natures are united.基督人格：基督最重要的人格，在这人格里他的人性和神性结合〔Gerry〕American politician. A signer of the Declaration of Independence (1776) and a delegate to the Continental Congress (1787), he served as governor of Massachusetts (1810-1811) and as Vice President of the United States (1813-1814) under James Madison.格里，厄尔布里杰：(1744-1814) 美国政治家。他是《独立宣言》（1776年）的签署人和大陆会议（1781年）的代表，曾任马萨诸塞州长（1810-1811年）和詹姆斯·麦迪逊任期的副总统（1813-1814年）〔substitute〕"Fantasies are more than substitutes for unpleasant reality"(Barbara Grizzuti Harrison)“幻想的意义并不仅仅在于作为失意的现实的替代物”(芭芭拉·格里族提·哈里森)〔Howe〕American humanitarian and reformer who founded (1832) and directed for 44 years what later became the Perkins Institute for the Blind.豪，塞缪尔·格里德雷：(1801-1876) 美国人道主义者及改革家，他于1832年创立了盲人帕金斯学院的前身，并管理该校长达四十四年〔extrinsic〕"How is it possible to write about Frank Sinatra in a manner that suggests his music is in some way extrinsic to him?” (Barbara Grizzuti Harrison).What isextraneous comes from without and is inessential or irrelevant: “以把音乐和弗兰克·新纳特拉分开的方式，怎么可能去写关于他的文章呢？ （芭芭拉·格里朱迪·哈里森）。Extraneous 是指无本质联系或无关的： 〔Dogrib〕A Native American people inhabiting an area between the Great Bear and Great Slave lakes in the Northwest Territories of Canada.多格里布人：居住于大熊湖和大奴湖之间的加拿大西北部美洲土著〔Shevchenko〕Ukrainian poet who is considered the father of modern Ukrainian literature.舍沃岑科，达拉斯·格里戈耶维奇：(1814-1861) 乌克兰诗人，被认为是乌克兰现代文学之父〔Dogrib〕A member of this people.多格里布人中的一员〔Ehrenburg〕Russian writer whose novels includeThe Storm (1948) and The Thaw (1954), which is set amid the repressive regime of Joseph Stalin. 爱伦堡，伊里亚·格里戈雷维奇：(1891-1967) 前苏联作家，著有《暴风雨》 （1948年）和背景为处于约瑟夫·斯大林的强制政权下的 《解冻》 （1954年） 〔Lewis〕British gothic writer who is remembered for the novelThe Monk (1796), for which he was known as "Monk Lewis.” 刘易斯，马修·格里戈尔：(1775-1818) 英国哥特式小说作家，成名作是《僧人》 （1796年），他因此获得了“僧人刘易斯”的绰号 〔Fibiger〕Danish pathologist. He won a 1926 Nobel Prize for his research on cancer.费比格，约翰尼斯·安德烈亚斯·格里博：(1867-1928) 丹麦病理学家，因对癌症的研究而获1926年诺贝尔奖 |
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