| 单词 | 某种 |
| 释义 | 〔aloe〕aloes (used with a sing. verb)A laxative drug obtained from the processed juice of a certain species of aloe. Also called In this sense, also called bitter aloes aloes （与单数动词连用）芦荟油：从某种加工过的芦荟汁中提取的一种泻药 也作 在此意义上也可称作 bitter aloes〔unique〕Over the course of the centuryunique has become the paradigmatic example of the class of terms that do not allow comparison or modification by an adverb of degree such as very, somewhat, or quite. Thus, most grammarians believe that it is incorrect to say that something isvery unique or more unique than something else, though phrases such asnearly unique and almost unique are acceptable. In the most recent survey the sentenceHer designs are quite unique in today's fashion scene was unacceptable to 80 percent of the Usage Panel. · Critical objections to the comparison and degree modification of absolute terms date to the 18th centuryand have been applied to a wide group of adjectives includingequal, fatal, omnipotent, parallel, perfect, and unanimous. According to the standard argument, such words denote properties that a thing either does or does not have but cannot have to a qualifiable degree.Thus ifunique is properly used to mean "without equal or equivalent,” something either is unique or it isn't, and phrases such asvery unique and more unique can only betray a weakening of the sense to mean something like "unusual" or "distinctive.” It is true that comparison and modification ofunique are often associated with the style favored by copywriters, as in the advertisement announcing thatOmaha's most unique restaurant is now even more unique or in the claim that a new automobile is So unique, it's patented. But modification ofunique is also found in the work of reputable writers, where it may lack any connotations of hyperbole.A painting is described asthe most unique of Beckman's self-portraits, and a travel writer states thatChicago is no less unique an American city than New York or San Francisco. The relative acceptability of these usages reflects the semantic subtlety ofunique itself. If we were to useunique only according to the strictest criteria of logic, after all, we might freely apply the term to anything in the worldsince nothing is wholly equivalent to anything else.Clearly, then, when we say that a restaurant or painting is unique,we mean that it is worthy of inclusion in a class by itself according to certain implicit but generally accepted criteria.Thus a legitimately unique painting might be one that realizes an unparalleled aesthetic vision,but not one that is rendered only in pigments whose names begin with the lettero; and a legitimately unique restaurant might be one that serves 18th-century French cuisine according to the original recipes,not one that has been installed in a converted sardine cannery.Given this understanding, it is not inherently impossible to think of uniqueness as a matter of degree,in the sense that one painting or restaurant may be more or less worthy of inclusion in a class by itself than some other. ·What is troubling about the copywriters' use ofunique is not that the word has become a synonym for unusual. Rather, it is the copywriters who are using the word in conformity with strict logic.Uniqueness is claimed for a restaurant in virtue of some trivial properties of its decor or menu,or for a resort hotel that simply happens to have a singularly picturesque view of the bay.Though it may be true that such properties render these thingslogically unique, they do not constitute legitimate grounds for putting the things into a class by themselves according to the criteria ordinarily invoked when things are sorted into classes.In fact, the abuse ofunique can be cloying even when no modification or comparison is involved; when we read an advertisement for a line of sportswear that featuresa unique selection of colors, we may suspect that the distinctive properties of the color selection are not so remarkable as the advertiser would have us believe. But it is not surprising that these uses ofunique should lend themselves to promiscuous modification and comparison; for once it is granted that uniqueness can be claimed for any product or service that is somehow distinctive from all its competitors,it is inevitable that an increase in uniqueness will be seen in every minor innovation.See Usage Note at equal ,infinite ,parallel ,perfect 在本世纪整个过程中unique 已成为不能由程度副词，例 very、somewhat 或 quite， 比较或修饰的一类术语的例证。 因此，多数语法学家认为说某事是very unique 或 more unique than 是不正确的， 虽然短语例如nearly unique 和 almost unique 是可接受的。 在最近的调查中，句子Her designs are quite unique in today's fashion scene （她的设计在现今流行样式的场面中是很独特的） 对用法专题使用小组的百分之八十成员是不可接受的。 对纯粹术语的比较和程度修饰的主要异议可追述到18世纪，并已广泛用到许多形容词中，包括equal, fatal, omnipotent, parallel, perfect 和 unanimous。 根据标准论据，这些单词表示一事有或没有但不能有可修饰的程度的性质。于是如果unique 适当地用于表示“没有相等或相当的”，则某事是唯一的或不是唯一的， 而短语像very unique 和 more unique 仅能表露出说明某事像“不寻常的”或“独特的”的意义的减弱。 的确，unique 的比较和修饰常与撰稿人喜欢的文体相联系， 如在广告中称Omaha's most unique restaurant is now even more unique（奥马哈城的最独特的餐馆现在甚至是更加独特） 或声称新汽车是 So unique, it's patented（如此独特，它取得了专利权）。 但是unique 的修饰也在著名作家的作品中发现， 那里可能缺乏夸张法的任何涵义。描述一张油画为the most unique of Beckman's self-portraits（最独特的贝克曼的自画像）， 一位旅游作家叙述Chicago is no less unique an American city than New York or San Francisco（芝加哥比纽约或旧金山是不逊独特的美国城市）。 这些用法的相对可接受性反映unique 自身语义的巧妙。 如果我们仅按照逻辑的严格标准使用unique ， 则我们终于会自由地把此术语使用于世界上的任何事，因为没有完全等同于另一事的事。于是，显然当我们说餐馆或油画是独特的时，我们意味着根据某种隐含的但可普遍接受的判据它是值得包含在一个等级内的。于是合理独特的油画可能是实现空前未有的审美型的，而不是仅给予名字以字母O开始的颜料； 合理独特的餐馆可能根据原来的食谱提供18世纪法国菜肴的餐馆，而不是配备转换的沙丁鱼罐头食品的餐馆。按这样了解，将独特性视为程度问题不是本来就不可能的，在这个意义上一张油画或一个餐馆或多或少可能是极好的有价值的内涵物而不是其他。关于撰稿人使用unique 的困惑不是此单词已成为 unusual 的同义词。 相反地，正是撰稿人使用此单词与严密的逻辑相一致。对餐馆声称独特性是由于它的布置或菜单的某些不重要的性质，或者对于人们常去的旅馆仅因为有海湾的独一无二地别致的景象。虽然这样的性质使得这些事logically 独特的可能是真实的， 但是当事情进行了分类，根据平常实行的判据把这些事情自身放到一类，他们不组成正常的基础。事实上unique 的滥用会使人发腻，即使在没有涉及修饰或比较的时候； 当我们读运动服装的unique selection of colors（颜色的独特选择） 的一行广告时， 我们会怀疑颜色选择的独特性质并非广告商希望我们所认为的那么明显。但不必惊讶于unique 的这些用法应当适用于杂乱的修饰和比较； 就这一次可以承认，独特性能用来指任何产品或服务，它们与所有的竞争者相比较有某种程度的特色，在每一小的创新中可以看到独特性的增加是必然会发生的 参见 equal,infinite,parallel,perfect〔unteach〕To cause to forget or unlearn something.使忘记：使…忘掉或遗忘（所学的）某种东西〔loser〕One who takes loss in a specified way:输者：以某种方式接收失败的人：〔industry〕A clear indication of the way in which human effort has been harnessed as a force for the commercial production of goods and services is the change in meaning of the wordindustry. Coming from the Latin wordindustria, meaning "diligent activity directed to some purpose,”and its descendant, Old Frenchindustrie, with the senses "activity,” "ability,” and "a trade or occupation,”our word (first recorded in 1475) originally meant "skill,” "a device,” and "diligence" as well as "a trade.”As more and more human effort over the course of the Industrial Revolution became involved in producing goods and services for sale,the last sense ofindustry as well as the slightly newer sense "systematic work or habitual employment" grew in importance, to a large extent taking over the word.We can even speak now of the Shakespeare industry,rather like the garment industry.The sense "diligence, assiduity,” lives on, however,perhaps even to survive industry itself.industry 有一个明显的含义，即指将人力组织转化成进行货物商业性生产和进行商业性服务的方法，而在有此含义前，这个词经历了多次变化。 这个词来源于拉丁文industria ， 意思是“为某种目的而进行的勤奋的活动”；后来这个拉丁字发展成古法语单词industrie ， 其意思是“活动性”、“能力”和“一种行业和职业”。英文单词（最早的记载是1475年）原意是“技巧”、“方法”、“勤奋”，也有“一种行业”之意。随着产业革命的开展，越来越多的人力被用于进行货物生产和商业服务，industry 最新的含义及其较新的意思“有组织的劳动或习惯性的雇佣”变得重要起来， 并逐渐成为这个词最主要的意思。现在，我们甚至在提到莎士比亚研究时，就象提及成衣制造业。不过，“勤劳、勤奋”这层含义仍在使用，也许只要这个单词存在，这层含义就不会消失〔regard〕To look upon or consider in a particular way:看待：以某种特殊的方式看待或思考：〔heaven〕To do everything possible to bring about something desired.竭尽全力，千方百计：做每一种可能的事以便获得想要的某种东西〔practice〕To do something repeatedly in order to acquire or polish a skill.反复练习：为获取或提高某种技能而反复做某事〔application〕A specific use to which something is put:应用：某事物被使用的某种确定用途：〔microsensor〕A miniature electronic device that detects information about a specific variable such as temperature or light.微感应器，微侦测器：侦测有关某种变量信息，例如温度或光线，的细微电子仪器〔ideate〕To form an idea of; imagine or conceive:想象：形成某种思想，想象或思考：〔mazer〕from Old French masere [kind of wood, maple burl] 源自 古法语 masere [某种树木，槭树的树节] 〔intercrop〕To plant (a crop) in the same field with another.间作：把（某种作物）和另一种种植在一起〔demonetize〕To stop using (a metal) as a monetary standard.禁止为货币流通：使（某种金属）停止作为一种货币标准使用〔rule〕A usual, customary, or generalized course of action or behavior:常规，惯例：某种行为或运动的通常的、习惯性的或大众化了的过程：〔toll〕A charge for a service, such as a long-distance telephone call.服务费：获得某种服务必须缴纳的费用，例如长途电话服务费〔specialization〕Adaptation, as of an organ or organism, to a specific function or environment.特化器官：器官或有机体适应某种具体功能或环境的变化〔contraindicate〕To indicate the inadvisability of (a medical treatment, for example).禁忌：表明（例如某种疗法等）的不可取性〔equip〕To furnish with the qualities necessary for performance:准备，训练：使之具备某种行为所必需的品质：〔necessary〕Needed to achieve a certain result or effect; requisite:必不可少的：达到某种目的而必需具备的；必要的：〔pinch〕To squeeze or bind (a part of the body) in such a way as to cause discomfort or pain:挤痛，夹痛：用某种方式挤或夹（身体某部分）以至造成不适和疼痛：〔plague〕To afflict with or as if with a disease or calamity:使遭殃，困扰：被或似乎被某种疾病或灾难折磨：〔in〕In a particular relationship:在某种特殊的关系当中：〔recast〕To set down or present (ideas, for example) in a new or different arrangement:重塑，改写：将（例如观点）以某种新的或不同的安排组织来订立或表现：〔colicin〕Any of various antibacterial proteins produced by certain strains of the colon bacillus that are lethal to other closely related strains of bacteria.大肠杆菌素：一种由某种结肠杆菌菌株制成的抗菌蛋白，是其他密切相关的菌株的致死因子〔light〕A source of light, especially a lamp, a lantern, or an electric lighting fixture:光源，发光体：光的来源，特指灯、灯笼或某种带电发光装置：〔letterman〕A secondary or college student who has earned a letter in a particular activity, especially a varsity sport.优秀运动员：在某种特殊活动中，尤指大学生体育竞赛中，荣获学校名称缩写标志的中学生或大学生〔by〕Through the agency or action of:被：通过某种行为或动作：〔deliquesce〕To become fluid or soft on maturing, as certain fungi.液化：成熟的过程中变成液体或变得柔软，如某种真菌类〔proof〕The alcoholic strength of a liquor, expressed by a number that is twice the percentage by volume of alcohol present.强度标准：某种酒的酒精强度，用现存酒精体积的两倍百分比数来表示〔weasel〕To back out of a situation or commitment in a sneaky or cowardly manner.逃脱，推诿：以一种狡黠或懦怯的方式脱离某种境况或推诿责任〔conduct〕To comport (oneself) in a specified way:行为，举止：使自己以某种特定方式行为：〔appoint〕The central meaning shared by these verbs is "to select for an office or position": 这些动词共有的中心意思是“为某种职位或位置而选择”： 〔around〕In such a way as to have a basis or center in:以为…中心：以某种方式使之（成为）…的基础或中心：〔term〕terms Language of a certain kind; chosen words: terms 词语：某种语言；选用的词：〔attitudinize〕To assume an affected attitude; posture.装模作样，摆架子，摆样子：假装出某种做作的姿态；态度〔ring〕To have a sound or character suggestive of a particular quality:听起来象：具有和某种特殊性质相似的声音或性质：〔medicine〕Something, such as corrective discipline or punishment, that is unpleasant but necessary or unavoidable.（喻）药：某种令人不快的但却必需的或不可避免的东西，例如矫正性惩罚〔to〕In a particular relationship with:与…有某种特定关系：〔slavery〕The condition of being subject or addicted to a specified influence.奴隶，沉迷：受到或沉溺于某种特定影响的状况 |
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