| 单词 | 柏林 |
| 释义 | 〔Potsdam〕A city of northeast Germany on the Havel River near Berlin. First mentioned in the 10th century, it became in the 18th century a favorite residence of Frederick the Great, who built the rococo palace of Sans Souci here (1745-1747). The city was the site of the Potsdam Conference (July-August 1945), at which American, British, and Soviet leaders drew up preliminary plans for the postwar administration of Germany and assigned various captured territories to Poland. Population, 135,922.波茨坦：德国东北部城市，临哈威尔河，靠近柏林。有关此市的最早记载出现于十世，到18世纪时建成为腓特列大帝最喜爱的居所，他曾在此建造洛可可式宫(1745-1747年）。该市是波茨坦会议(1945年7月8月）的会址所在地。在波茨坦会议上，美国、英国及苏联的领导人共同起草了有关战后管理德国的初步计划书，并将被占土地归还给了波兰。人口135,922〔Zhukov〕Soviet army officer. As chief of staff during World War II, he directed the counteroffensive at Stalingrad, relieved Leningrad (1942-1943), and captured Berlin (April 1945).朱可夫，格鲁吉·康斯坦蒂诺维奇：(1896-1974) 苏联元帅。第二次世界大战期间任总参谋长，指挥过斯大林格勒反攻战，解放了列宁格勒(1942-1943年），并攻克了柏林(1945年4月）〔Berlin〕[bûrʹlĭn] A city of central Connecticut, an industrial suburb of Hartford. Population, 16,787.[bûrʹlĭn] 柏林：美国康涅狄格州中部一城市，哈特福德市的工业郊区。人口16,787〔Hess〕German Nazi leader. When Hitler became chancellor (1933), he named Hess as deputy führer and later (1939) as second in succession to the Nazi leadership. In May 1941 Hess was captured in Scotland, where he had flown apparently in a bid to start peace talks with Britain. At the Nuremburg trials (1946) he was sentenced to life imprisonment in Spandau Prison, Berlin, for war crimes.赫斯，（沃尔特·理查德）鲁道夫：(1894-1987) 德国纳粹领导人。当希特勒成为总理时(1933年），他任命赫斯为副元首，后来(1939年）任命为纳粹第二号接班人。1941年5月，赫斯飞往苏格兰，表面上要与英国开始和平谈判时在苏格兰被捕。在纽伦堡大审判(1946年）中，他因战争罪被判终身监禁，在柏林的史潘道监狱服刑〔Spree〕A river, about 402 km (250 mi) long, of eastern Germany rising near the Czechoslovakian border and flowing generally north to the Havel River at Berlin.斯普雷河：德国一条河，流程约402公里(250英里），发源于捷克斯洛伐克边境附近，大致向北在柏林注入哈弗尔河〔Berlin〕[bûr-lĭnʹ] The capital and largest city of Germany, in the northeast part of the country. Divided between 1945 and 1990 intoEast Berlin and West Berlin, it was the center of the Prussian state and after 1871 was the capital of the German Empire. The division of the city grew out of the zones of occupation established at the end of World War II. The Berlin Wall, a wire and concrete barrier, was erected by the East German government in August 1961 and dismantled in November 1989. Population, 3,034,118. [bûr-lĭnʹ] 柏林：德国首都和最大城市，在德国的东北部。从1945年到1990年被划分为东柏林 和 西柏林， 它曾是普鲁士国的中心和1871年之后日耳曼帝国的首都。二次大战结束时形成的战领区导致了该城的分裂。 柏林围墙， 一道电缆和水泥屏障，于1961年8月由东德政府竖起，于1989年十一月被推倒。人口3,034,118 〔Isherwood〕British-born American writer best known for his portrayals of Berlin in the early 1930's in works such asGoodbye to Berlin (1939), which became the basis for the musical Cabaret (1966). 衣修午德，克里斯托弗·威廉·布雷德肖：(1904-1986) 英裔美国作家，因描写20世纪30年代早期的柏林而闻名，作品包括《再见了，柏林》 （1939年），这部书后来成为歌舞片 《歌厅》 （1966年）的基础 〔Grosz〕German-born American artist. Associated with the Berlin Dada movement, he is best known for his biting antimilitaristic caricatures of the 1920's.格罗希，乔治：(1893-1959) 德裔美国画家。他与柏林达达主义运动有密切联系，并以其19世纪20年代辛辣讽刺军国主义的漫画而闻名〔Clay〕American army officer who commanded U.S. forces in Germany (1945-1949) and oversaw the Berlin airlift (1948).克雷，卢修斯·杜彼格诺：(1897-1978) 美国军官，曾指挥驻德美国军队（1945-1949年），并监管柏林空运（1948年）〔Karajan〕Austrian conductor. In 1955 he became conductor for life of the Berlin Philharmonic.卡拉扬，赫伯特·冯：(1908-1989) 奥地利指挥家。1955他年成为柏林爱乐管弦乐团的终身指挥〔Shirer〕American journalist and historian known for his vivid radio broadcasts from Berlin at the outset of World War II and for the popular historyThe Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (1960). 希勒，威廉·劳伦斯：(生于 1904) 美国记者和历史学家，以其在二次世界大战开始时从柏林发回的生动广播节目和他的通俗历史著作《第三帝国的兴亡》 （1960年）而闻名 〔Havel〕A river, about 346 km (215 mi) long, of eastern Germany flowing through Berlin to the Elbe River.哈弗尔河：德国东部一条流经柏林并注入易北河的流程约346公里(215英里）的河流〔Scharwenka〕German composer of orchestral, chamber, and choral works. His brotherXaver (1850-1924), also a composer, opened conservatories in Berlin (1881) and New York City (1891). 夏文卡，菲利普：(1847-1917) 德国管弦乐、室内乐及合唱乐作曲家。他的兄弟克萨韦尔 (1850-1924年）也是作曲家，他在柏林(1881年）和纽约(1891年）开办了音乐学校 〔Abbado〕Italian conductor who served as the principal conductor and artistic director at La Scala (1968-1986) prior to leading the London Symphony Orchestra (1979-1988) and the Vienna Staatsoper (1986-1991). In 1989 he became director of the Berlin Philharmonic.阿拔多，克劳迪奥：意大利指挥家，曾任拉斯卡拉首席指挥和艺术指导（1968-1986年），随后分别在伦敦交响乐团（1979-1988年）和维也纳爱乐乐团（1986-1991年）任指挥。1989年他担任柏林爱乐乐团指挥〔Kitchener〕A city of southern Ontario, Canada, west-southwest of Toronto. Settled by Mennonites (1806) and by Germans who named it Berlin in 1825, it was renamed in honor of Lord Kitchener in 1916. Population, 139,734.基奇纳：加拿大安大略省南部一城市，位于多伦多西南偏西，由孟诺派信徒定居于此（1806年）。1825年德国人命名为柏林。1916年为表示对基奇纳勋爵的敬意而改名。人口139,734〔Smith〕American singer noted especially for her rendition of Irving Berlin's "God Bless America,” first performed in 1938.史密斯，凯斯琳·伊丽莎白：(1909-1986) 美国歌唱家，尤其以从1938年开始演唱的欧文·柏林的“上帝保佑美国”一歌而出名〔Neubrandenburg〕A city of northeast Germany north of Berlin. Founded in 1248, it is an industrial center. Population, 82,451.新勃兰登堡：德国东北柏林北面的城市，1248年建成，是一个工业中心。人口82,451 |
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