| 单词 | 有益 |
| 释义 | 〔utilize〕To put to use, especially to find a profitable or practical use for.See Synonyms at use 利用：利用，尤指为…找到一种有益或实用的用途 参见 use〔golden〕Very favorable or advantageous; excellent:绝佳的：非常有利或有益的；优秀的：〔useful〕Having a beneficial use; serviceable:有益的，可用的：〔benignant〕Favorable; beneficial.有利的；有益的〔agree〕To be suitable, appropriate, pleasing, or healthful:适合，相宜，令人满意，有益：〔writerly〕Of, relating to, characteristic of, or befitting a writer:作家的：属于作家的，与作家有关的，有作家之性格的，对作家有益的：〔utilize〕A number of critics have remarked thatutilize is an unnecessary substitute for use. It is true that many occurrences ofutilize could be replaced by use with no loss to anything but pretentiousness, for example, in sentences such asBarbara utilized (prefer used ) questionable methods in her analysis or We hope that many commuters will continue to utilize (prefer use ) mass transit after the bridge has reopened. Bututilize can mean "to find a profitable or practical use for.” Thus the sentenceThe teachers were unable to use the new computers might mean only that the teachers were unable to turn the computers on, whereasThe teachers were unable to utilize the new computers suggests that the teachers could not find ways to employ the computers in instruction. 一些批评家认为utilize 只是 use 的一个不必要的替换词。 在许多情况下utilize 可以被 use 替代，除了矫饰的风格被去掉之外意思上没有任何减损， 例如：Barbara utilized ( used 更可取） questionable methods in her analysis（芭芭拉在她的分析中用了一些有争议的方法） 或者 We hope that many commuters will continue to utilize ( use 更可取） mass transit after the bridge has reopened（我们希望许多乘公共汽车上下班者在桥重新开通之后仍旧使用公共交通）。 但是utilize 可指“为…找到一种有益的或实用的用途”。 因而下面这句话The teachers were unable to use the new computers（老师们不会使用新电脑） ，有可能指只有这些老师不会打开计算机， 而The teachers were unable to utilize the new computers（老师不会运用新计算机） 暗示了那些老师在指导时不知道如何利用电脑 〔favor〕an error in our favor.对我方有益的错误〔go〕Go has long been used to describe the production of nonlinguistic noises, as inThe train went "toot.” The cow goes "moo.” In recent years, however,younger speakers have extended this use ofgo to the report of speech, as inThen he goes, "You think you're real smart, don't you.” For speakers young enough to get away with it,this usage serves a useful purpose in informal spoken narrative as an explicit indicator of a direct quotation, particularly when the speaker wishes to mimic the accent or intonation of the original spoken source.Largely restricted to the "narrative present" used in vivid description,it is highly inappropriate in formal speech or writing.Go 很久以来用来描述非语言学上的发声， 如在火车发出“突突”声， 牛“哞哞”地叫。 然而，近些年来，年轻的演讲者把go 的这一用法运用到演讲报告中去了， 如在接着他说道，“你认为你 的确 聪明，是吗？” 。 由于年轻人太年轻了而被人们忽视了这一误用，这一用法在非正式口语中作为直接引语的明显的指示词起到十分有益的作用，尤其在说话者想模仿原口语材料的重音或语调时，这一作用更明显。主要用于生动形象的“描述”里，限于陈述句现在时中，在正式的演讲或书面语中十分不适用〔benign〕Tending to exert a beneficial influence; favorable:有利的：易于产生有益影响的；有利的：〔parasite〕One who habitually takes advantage of the generosity of others without making any useful return.寄生虫：总是利用别人的慷慨大方而从不做任何有益回报的人〔volunteer〕To do charitable or helpful work without pay:义务服务：不受报酬做慈善或有益的工作：〔salutary〕Effecting or designed to effect an improvement; remedial:有益的，有利的：影响或刻意影响发展的；治疗的：〔kindly〕Of a sympathetic, helpful, or benevolent nature:仁慈的，慈爱的：具有同情的、有益的或仁慈的本性的：〔informative〕Serving to inform; providing or disclosing information; instructive.提供资讯的，有益的：为…提供信息服务的；提供或揭露信息的；增长见识的〔bounty〕from Latin bonitās [goodness] 源自 拉丁语 bonitās [有益] 〔fit〕 appropriate to a thing or for an occasion especially befits it: Appropriate 尤指对某事或某一场合有益： 〔rent〕When young people talk about theirrents, that is, their parents, they are using a slang term that is of interest to language historians, if not necessarily thrilling for parents themselves. The term is a prime example of one of the fundamental characteristics of slang, which continually creates novel ways of expressing what are often rather ordinary things (if parents may be considered ordinary things). Slang has recently produced two expressions for "parents" that have gained wide currency— rents and parental units. Both expressions demonstrate slang's use of unusual or creative linguistic means to achieve novelty of expression. While there are many slang terms, such as bod for body or rad for radical, that result from the clipping of unstressed syllables, rents is a clipping that drops a stressed syllable, much like the similar term za, "pizza.” The desire to coin new ways of referring to things also leads speakers of slang to use circumlocutions like knuckle sandwich for "punch.” Parental units falls into this category. It plays on the jargon of bureaucrats and social science, in which the world is viewed as so much data waiting to be quantified. The appearance of terms such as rents and parental units also shows that all available styles and levels of language can be grist for slang's mill—so long as the material is perceived as irreverent, funny, or just plain cool. 年轻人谈论他们的rents （即父母）时，即使肯定不会令他们的父母感到兴奋，他们却使用了一个令语言历史学家很感兴趣的俚语。Rents是俚语一个基本特色的典范，这一基本特色就是不断创造新颖词汇来表示通常极为普通的事物（如果父母会被认为是普通事物的话）。最近俚语中产生了两个"父（母）亲"的词语并被普遍使用── rents 和 parental units 。这两个词语表明俚语用不同寻常的或创造性的语言工具来获取表达上的新颖。虽然因省略非重读音节产生了许多俚语词汇，如用 bod 指body、用 rad 指radical，但 rents 却是省略重读音节后的部分，非常类似相近词汇 za "pizza（比萨饼）"。期望创造指代事物的新词也使得满口俚语的人运用赘语，如用 knuckle sandwich 指"punch（用拳击）"。 Parental units 也属于赘语的范围。它用作官僚主义者的行话以及科学术语，因为对于官僚主义者和科学工作者来讲世界就是等待量化的大量数据。诸如 rents 和 parental units 这些俚语的出现也表明语言现有的全部风格和水平都是俚语的有益补充──只要认为内容是不敬的、有趣的或者纯粹扮酷的 〔appreciation〕A judgment or opinion, especially a favorable one.评价：判断或意见，尤指有益的〔lesson〕An experience, example, or observation that imparts beneficial new knowledge or wisdom.经验，教训：能给人以有益的新知识或智慧的经历、例子或见闻〔bestead〕To be of use to; avail.对…有用；有益〔profit〕To be beneficial to.有益于…：对…有益的〔purpose〕With good results.有益地，有成效地〔friendly〕a reader-friendly novel; a consumer-friendly policy.易于理解的小说；有益消费者的制度〔coadapted〕Of or relating to characteristics that have become established through mutually beneficial interaction between organisms in a community.相互适应的：群落中组织间相互有益的作用建立起来的特性的，或与其有关的〔barren〕Lacking vegetation, especially useful vegetation.不毛的，贫瘠的：缺少植被，尤其是有益的植被〔perestroika〕"For several years now . . . the U.S. has been going through its own perestroika at the cost of unemployment and all kinds of painful but ultimately beneficial change"(Peter Fuhrman)“至今为止的几年里…，美国进行了调整，经历了失业率增长和其它各种痛苦但最终有益的改变”(彼得·福尔曼)〔available〕Capable of bringing about a beneficial result or effect.有益的：可以带来有利的结果或影响的〔phytochemical〕A nonnutritive bioactive plant substance, such as a flavonoid or carotenoid, considered to have a beneficial effect on human health.植物性化学成分，植物化学物质：非营养生物活性的植物成分，如类黄酮或胡萝卜素，被认为有益人类身体健康〔advantageous〕Affording advantage; beneficial.See Synonyms at beneficial 有利的：提供优势的；有益的 参见 beneficial〔prosit〕from Latin [may it benefit] [third person sing. subjunctive of] prodesse [to benefit] * see proud 源自 拉丁语 [希望它将有益] prodesse的虚拟语气动词第三人称单数 [有益] * 参见 proud〔benign〕the benign influence of pure air.See Synonyms at favorable 纯净空气的有益影响 参见 favorable〔goodness〕The beneficial or nutritious part.精华：有益的或富有营养的部分〔kind〕Agreeable; beneficial:令人愉悦的；有益的：〔beneficent〕Producing benefit; beneficial.有益的；有助的〔good〕Beneficial to health; salutary:有益于身心健康的；有益的：〔beneficence〕The state or quality of being kind, charitable, or beneficial.慈善：善良、慈善或有益的状态或品质〔good〕In an advantageous financial position:净赚：处于有益的金融位置的：〔use〕These verbs mean to avail oneself of someone or something in order to make him, her, or it useful, functional, or beneficial.Touse is to put into service or apply for a purpose: 这些动词的意思是利用某人或某物使之变得有用，能起作用或有益。Use 是指使用或为某一目的使用： 〔fizzle〕In Philemon Holland's 1601 translation of Pliny'sNatural History, we are surprised by the use of the wordfizzle in the statement that if asses eat a certain plant,"they will fall a fizling and farting.” Fizzle was first used in English to mean,in the decorous parlance of theOxford English Dictionary, "to break wind without noise.” During the 19th centuryfizzle took on a related but more respectable sense, "to hiss, as does a piece of fireworks,”illustrated by a quotation from the November 7, 1881, issue of theLondon Daily News: "unambitious rockets which fizzle doggedly downwards.”In the same centuryfizzle also took on figurative senses, one of which seems to have been popular at Yale.TheYale Literary Magazine for 1849 helpfully defines the word as follows: “Fizzle, to rise with modest reluctance, to hesitate often, to decline finally; generally, to misunderstand the question.”The figurative sense offizzle that has caught on is the one with which we are most familiar today, "to fail or die out.”在腓利门荷兰1601年对普林尼的博物志 中， 我们对fizzle 一词的用法感到很惊讶， 它说如果驴吃了某种植物，“他们就会放屁。” Fizzle 首先在英语中指“无声地放屁，”是在牛津英语字典 的高雅用语中出现的。 在19世纪，fizzle 有了一个相关的但更文雅的含义， “发嘶嘶声，如同烟火那样，”这个词义是通过1881年11月7日的伦敦每日新闻 的引文说明的： “抱负不大的火箭，它们顽固地嘶嘶下坠。”同一世纪，fizzle 还赋与了比喻义， 其中的一个比喻义似乎在耶鲁大学很流行。1849年的耶鲁文学杂志 给这个词下了一个有益的定义： “Fizzle， 不十分情愿地上升，常犹豫不决，最终放弃； 通常是弄错问题。”人们已接受的fizzle 的比喻义， 即今天我们最为熟悉的“失败或消失” |
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