| 单词 | 既然 |
| 释义 | 〔since〕Since you're not interested, I won't tell you about it.既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你了〔consider〕I regard your apology as the end of the matter.Account and reckon in this sense are rather literary in flavor and imply calculated judgment: 既然你已道歉，我看这件事就算了结。Account和 reckon 在表示这个含义时要显得稍微文绉一些，并且意味着仔细算计过的判断： 〔anticipate〕Some people hold thatanticipate is improperly used as a simple synonym for expect; they would restrict its use to situations in which advance action is taken either to forestall (anticipate her opponent's next move ) or to fulfill ( anticipate my desires ). In earlier surveys, however, a majority of the Usage Panel accepted the use ofanticipate to mean "to feel or to realize beforehand" and "to look forward to.” The wordunanticipated, however, is not established as a synonym for unexpected. Thus 77 percent of the Usage Panel rejected the sentenceThey always set aside a little extra food for unanticipated guests, inasmuch as guests for whom advance provision has been made cannot be said to be unanticipated,though they may very well be unexpected.有些人认为把anticipate 作为 expect 的简单同义词并不恰当； 他们把这个词的用法限制在某种情境中，即抢在…之前行动(抢在对手的下步之前行动 )或满足( 满足我的欲望 )。 然而，在以前的调查中，用法专题小组大多数成员所接受的anticipate 的意思是“预感、预知”和“期望”。 可是，unanticipated 这个词并不能作为 unexpected 的同义词。 这样一来，用法专题小组中77%的人都不同意下面这句话他们总是额外留出一些食物给未预料到的客人 ， 既然已提前为这些客人们准备了食物，就不能说他们是未预料的，尽管他们是不速之客〔data〕But whiledata comes from a Latin plural form, the practice of treatingdata as a plural in English often does not correspond to its meaning, given an understanding of what counts as data in modern research.We know, for example, what "data on the homeless" would consist of—surveys, case histories, statistical analyses, and so forth—but it would be a vain exercise to try to sort all of these out into sets of individual facts,each of them a "datum" on the homeless. (Does a case history count as a single datum,or as a collection of them?Is a correlation between rates of homelessness and unemployment itself a datum, or is it an abstraction over a number of data?)Since scientists and researchers think of data as a singular mass entity like information,it is entirely natural that they should have come to talk about it as such and that others should defer to their practice.Sixty percent of the Usage Panel accepts the use ofdata with a singular verb and pronoun in the sentenceOnce the data is in, we can begin to analyze it. A still larger number, 77 percent, accepts the sentence 但是当data 来源于一拉丁复数形式， 在英语中把data 当作复数来对待的运用常常和它的意义不相符合， 给了我们在现代研究中算作数据事物的一种理解。例如，我们知道，“无家可归人的资料”将由调查、个人历史，数据分析等等构成——但是试着把这些都分类到一套个人事实将会是一次无用的尝试，他们中的每一个都为无家可归人的资料。 （个人历史是算作一个简单的资料，还是作为其中的一个收集?无家可归人的比率和失业之间的联系是一个资料，还是一系列资料中的一个提取？）既然科学家和研究工作者认为资料和信息一样是一个单一的团体，他们就应该这样地来谈论它并且其他的人应当服丛他们的说法，这是完全自然的，百分之六十的用法专题使用小组成员接受把data 和单数动词和代词连用， 如在句子一旦资料来了，我们就能开始分析了 中， 更大的比例，即百分之七十七的成员接受了句子 〔equilateralism〕A political theory holding that since the United States and the Soviet Union are equal in strength, Europe should distance itself equally, and as far as possible, from both.均衡主义：一种政治理论，认为既然美国和苏联力量一样强大，那么欧洲就应该离两者一样远，而且越远越好〔foolish〕It would be absurd for us both to drive, since we're headed for the same destination.既然我们要去的是同一个地方，那么我们俩人都开车是荒谬的。〔mantis〕The female mantis has the habit of eating the male after mating.In spite of such behaviorthe mantis is graced with a religious name.Mantis is from the Greek word mantis, meaning "prophet, seer.”The Greeks, who made the connection between the upraised front legs of a mantis waiting for its prey and the hands of a prophet in prayer,used the namemantis to mean "the praying mantis.” This word and sense were picked up in Modern Latin and from there came into English,being first recorded in 1658.Once we know the origin of the termmantis, we realize that the species namespraying mantis and Mantis religiosa are a bit redundant. Two other names of this sort that have been used for mantises arepraying locust and orator mantis. To understand the latter,we must keep in mind the obsolete sense oforator, "one who makes a prayer or petition.” 雌性螳螂习惯于在交配后吃掉雄性螳螂。尽管存在着这种行为，螳螂还是被赋予了一个具有宗教色彩的名字。Mantis 来源于希腊语 mantis 一词， 意为“先知，预言家”。希腊人把螳螂捕食前高举的前肢与预言家祷告时的双手联系起来，用mantis 一词来表示“祈祷的预言家”。 新拉丁语吸收了这个词及其意义，英语又从拉丁语中吸取了该词，最早记载见于1658年。我们既然知道了mantis 的来源， 就会发现其属种名praying mantis 和 Mantis religiosa 略有重复。 用来表示螳螂的其它类似名称还有praying locust 和 orator mantis。 要想弄清楚后者，我们必须想到orator 一词的过时的意思“做祷告或祈求的人” 〔cushy〕Sincecushy has such an informal, breezy, American ring, it is difficult to believe that it is an import, as some etymologists claim.Members of the British army in India are supposed to have picked up the Anglo-Indian version of the Hindi word±hūush, meaning "pleasant,” to which the suffix-y, as in empty and sexy, was added, thus forming a new English word. Cushy, however, is actually first recorded in a letter from the European battlefront during World War I. This fact, in conjunction with our inability to find an Anglo-Indian source,casts some doubt on the Hindi or Anglo-Indian origin ofcushy. Two other possibilities are thatcushy is a shortening of cushion with the -y suffix or that it is a borrowing of Frenchcouchée, "lying down; a bed.” 既然cushy 一词具有如此非正式的、愉快的美国意义， 很难相信某些词源学者所认为的说它是一个外来词。驻印度的英国军队士兵被认为是选用了印度英语±hūush 的英语说法，意思是“愉悦的”， 并如同empty 和 sexy 等词在其上加了 -y 这个后缀，从而形成了一个新英语单词。 然而，事实上cushy 一词却最先被记录在第一次世界大战期间发自欧洲战斗前线的一封信里。 这一事实，再加上我们无法找到其印度英语的词源，使我们对于cushy 一词源于印地语或印度英语的说法产生了某些怀疑。 另两种可能性，一种是cushy ，它是 cushion 的缩略形式再加上后缀 -y ； 另一种是法语couchee “躺下；床”的外来语 〔harass〕"As I have no estate, I am plagued with no tenants or stewards" (Henry Fielding).Tobait is to torment by or as if by taunting, insulting, or ridiculing: “既然我已经没有了不动产，就不再有象房客或管事这样的人来纠缠我了” （亨利·菲尔丁）。bait 是指通过或者仿佛通过嘲笑、侮辱或讽刺来折磨： 〔ontological〕Of or relating to the argument for the existence of God holding that the existence of the concept of God entails the existence of God.存在论的：对于神是否存在的争论的或与其相关的，认为既然有神的观念所以神存在〔anxious〕Anxious has a long history of use roughly as a synonym for eager, but many would prefer that the distinction between the two words be maintained and thatanxious be used only when its subject is worried or uneasy about the anticipated event. In the traditional view, one may sayWe are anxious to see the strike settled soon but notWe are anxious to see the new show of British sculpture at the museum. Fifty-two percent of the Usage Panel rejectsanxious in the latter sentence. But general adoption ofanxious to mean "eager" is understandable, at least in colloquial discourse,since it provides a means of adding emotional urgency to an assertion,in its implication that the subject's desire for a certain outcome is so strong that frustration of that desire will lead to unhappiness.Note, in this connection, the analogous use of sentences such asI'm dying to see your new baby in informal style. Anxious 在很长一段时间以来，一直大致作为 eager 的同义词来用， 但很多人喜欢保留这两个词之间的区别，即只有当主体对预测事件忧虑不安时才用anxious 。 在传统观点看来，可以说我们渴望看到罢工问题很快解决 ， 但不能说我们渴望在博物馆里见到新的英国雕塑展览。 52%的用法使用小组成员反对anxious 在后一个句子中的用法。 但通常用anxious 来表示"eager"是可以理解的， 至少在口语中是这样，既然它加强了某一主张在感情上的迫切性，它隐喻的一层意思就是，主体对某一特定结果的愿望是如此强烈，以至于这种欲望受挫就会导致不愉快。注意与此有关的类似句子如我很渴望见到你们新出生的孩子 也是非正式的 〔long〕As long as you're up, get me a drink.既然你已经起来了，给我弄点喝的 |
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