| 单词 | 改为 |
| 释义 | 〔Manchester〕The largest city of New Hampshire, in the southeast part of the state on the Merrimack River north of Nashua. Incorporated as Derryfield in 1751 and renamed in 1810, it was an important textile center from the mid-1800's until the 1930's. Population, 99,567.曼彻斯特市：美国新罕布什尔州最大的城市，位于纳什阿的北面，该州东南部的梅里马克河沿岸。1751年建城时命名为德里菲尔德。1810年改为此名。从19世纪中期直到20世纪30年代，它都是个重要的纺织中心。人口99,567〔Wednesday〕We say the names of the days of the week constantly,but for most of us they are nonsense syllables. The seven-day system we use is based on the ancient astrological notion that the seven celestial bodies (the sun, the moon, Mars, Mercury, Jupiter, Venus, and Saturn) revolving around stationary Earth influence what happens on itand that each of these celestial bodies controls the first hour of the day named after it.This system was brought into Hellenistic Egypt from Mesopotamia,where astrology had been practiced for millenniums and where seven had always been a propitious number.Ina.d. 321 the Emperor Constantine the Great grafted this astrological system onto the Roman calendar, made the first day of this new week a day of rest and worship for all,and imposed the following sequence and names to the days of the week:Diēs Sōlis, "Sun's Day"; Diēs Lūnae, "Moon's Day"; Diēs Martis, "Mars's Day"; Diēs Mercuriī, "Mercury's Day"; Diēs Iovis, "Jove's Day" or "Jupiter's Day"; Diēs Veneris, "Venus's Day"; andDiēs Saturnī, "Saturn's Day.” This new Roman system was adopted with modifications throughout most of western Europe:in the Germanic languages, such as Old English, the names of four of the Roman gods were converted into those of the corresponding Germanic gods.Therefore in Old English we have the following names (with their Modern English developments):Sunnandæg, Sunday; Mōnandæg, Monday; Tīwesdæg, Tuesday (the god Tiu, like Mars, was a god of war); Wōdnesdæg, Wednesday (the god Woden, like Mercury, was quick and eloquent); Thunresdæg, Thursday ( the god Thunor in Old English or Thor in Old Norse, like Jupiter, was lord of the sky;Old NorseThōrsdagr influenced the English form); Frīgedæg, Friday (the goddess Frigg, like Venus, was the goddess of love); andSaeternesdæg, Saturday. 我们经常说一周各天的名字，但对我们中的大多数人来说，它们是毫无意义的音节。我们使用的七天制度是建立在古代星象学的观点上，即绕着静止不动的地球旋转的七个天体（太阳、月亮、火星、水星、木星、金星和土星），影响着地球上发生的事情，并且这些天体控制着以它们的名字命名的周日的第一个小时。这个体制从美索不达米亚引进到具有古希腊文明的埃及，在美索不达米亚，星象术已流行了上百万年，七一直是个吉利的数字。在公元 321年伟大的康斯坦丁国王把星相学系统用于罗马历， 把这种新星期的第一天作为休息与做礼拜的一天，并把以下的次序及名字加在其它的周日上：Dies solis ，“太阳日”； Dies Lunae “月亮日”； Dies Martis “金星日”； Dies Mercurii ，“水星日”； Dies Iovis， “朱维日”或“木星日”； Dies Veneris， “金星日”； 和Dies Saturni, “土星日”。 这种新罗马体制在西欧的大部地区有所改变后被采用：在日耳曼语言中，如古英语中，四位罗马神的名字被改为相应的日耳曼神的名字。所以在古英语中我们看到以下的名字（以及他们的现代英语形式）：Sunnanhd?g, 星期日； Monand?g, 星期一； Tiwesd?g， 星期二（蒂乌神，象玛尔斯一样，是战神）； Wodnesd?g, 星期三（沃登，象墨丘利一样，行动敏捷，善于词辩）； Thunresd?g， 星期四( 古英语中的撒纳及古挪威语的索，象朱庇特一样，是宇宙之主；古挪威语的Thorsdagr 影响了英语中的该词的形式）； Friged?g, 星期五（女神弗丽嘉，象维纳斯一样，是爱神）； 和Saeternesd?g, 星期六 〔kite〕A bank check that has been fraudulently altered to show a larger amount.被欺骗性地改为更大金额的银行支票〔ketchup〕The wordketchup exemplifies the types of modifications that can take place in the borrowing process, both in the borrowing of a word and in the borrowing of a substance.The source of our wordketchup may be the Malay word kēchap, possibly taken into Malay from the Cantonese dialect of Chinese.Kēchap, like our word, referred to a kind of sauce, but a sauce without tomatoes;rather, it contained fish brine, herbs, and spices.The sauce seems to have emigrated to Europe by way of sailors,where it was made with locally available ingredients such as the juice of mushrooms or walnuts.At some point, when the juice of tomatoes was first used,ketchup as we know it was born.However, it is important to realize that in the 18th and 19th centuriesketchup was a generic term for sauces whose only common ingredient was vinegar. The word is first recorded in English in 1690 in the formcatchup, in 1711 in the formketchup, and in 1730 in the formcatsup. These three spelling variants of a foreign borrowing remain current.ketchup 这个词显示出在借词过程中的变异， 既发生在借词上又发生物质转借上。ketch up 这个词的来源大约是马来词 kechap ， 可能是从中国广东方言变为马来语的。Kechap 也象ketchup一样指一种酱， 但是不含番茄的酱，而是含咸鱼汁、药草和香料。大概是由水手们传到欧洲，在欧洲只能用当地有的调料如蘑菇或胡桃汁制成。当番茄汁初次被被使用时，我们所指的调味番茄酱便产生了。但应注意的是18和19世纪时，ketchup 是表示一般成分只含醋的调料的通用词。 1690年这个词首先以catchup 的形式在英语中出现， 1711年改为ketchup ， 1730年又改为catsup 。 这个外来词的三种不同拼法现在都通行〔Haworth〕A village of northern England west-northwest of Bradford. The Brontë sisters—Charlotte, Emily, and Anne—lived with their father and brother in the parsonage, which now houses a library and museum devoted to family memorabilia.霍沃思：英格兰北部一村庄，位于布雷福德西北偏西。布朗特姐妹（夏洛特、艾米莉和安妮）和她们的父亲及弟弟所住的牧师寓所现在已改为图书博物馆，用来纪念这一家族〔convert〕a sofa that converts into a bed; arms factories converting to peacetime production.可改换为床的沙发；兵工厂改为平时的生产线〔Kinshasa〕The capital and largest city of Zaire, in the western part of the country on the Congo River. Founded in 1881 by the explorer Henry M. Stanley, who named it after his patron, Leopold II of Belgium, it became capital of the Belgian Congo in 1926 and was the scene of the revolt (June 1960) that led to Zaire's independence. In 1966 its name was changed to Kinshasa, after the name of an early village that occupied the site. Population, 2,653,558.金夏沙，利奥波德维尔：扎伊尔首都和最大城市，位于扎伊尔西端刚果河边。1881年由探险家亨利·M·斯坦利建立，他以他的赞助人-比利时的利奥波德二世的名字命名，1926年它成为比利时属刚果的首都和导致扎伊尔独立的起义（1960年6月）的发生地。1966年其名称改为金沙萨，依照一个早期占据此地的村庄的名称命名。人口2,653,558〔Neustria〕The western part of the kingdom of the Merovingian Franks from the sixth to the eighth century, in present-day northwest France. It engaged in almost constant warfare with Austrasia, the eastern portion of the realm. After 912 the name was applied to Normandy.诺伊斯特里亚：6至8世纪法国墨洛克王朝的西部地区，位于现在法国的西北部。它几乎一直与奥地利处于战争状态。奥地利在这个王国的东部地区。1912年后，其名称改为诺曼底 |
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