| 单词 | 提及 |
| 释义 | 〔this〕Being just mentioned or present in space, time, or thought:这个：刚提及的或在空间、时间或观念上是当前的：〔that〕Used to refer to the one designated, implied, mentioned, or understood:那个：用于指代所指、暗示、提及或被理解的事物：〔squint〕An oblique reference or inclination.间接的提及或倾向〔abovementioned〕The one or ones mentioned previously.上述内容：前文提及的内容〔they〕Used to refer to the ones previously mentioned or implied.他们：用于指代前面提及或暗指过的人〔ridicule〕"taunting him with want of courage to leap into the great pit" (Daniel Defoe).Totwit is to taunt by calling attention to something embarrassing: “奚落他缺少勇气跳入大坑” （井尼尔·迪福）。Twit 指通过提及尴尬的事情而奚落： 〔respect〕To relate or refer to; concern.涉及或提及；关心〔mention〕From Middle English mencioun [reference] 源自 中古英语 mencioun [提及] 〔apophasis〕Allusion to something by denying that it will be mentioned, as inI will not bring up my opponent's questionable financial dealings. 阳否阴述：通过否认某事物将被提到来加以暗示，如在句子我不想提及竞争对手其令人置疑的财政交易。 〔cite〕To mention or bring forward as support, illustration, or proof:引证：把…作为支持、说明或证明而提及或提出：〔citation〕Enumeration or mention, as of facts, especially:列举或提及，如事实，尤指：〔euphemize〕To speak of or refer to by means of a euphemism.委婉地说：用委婉语表达或提及，婉转表示〔passing〕"I will mention only one particular aspect of the current mess because . . . this one is surely something new and passing strange"(Walker Percy)“我将只提及目前的困境中一个特殊的方面…这一方面的确新颖并且极其奇妙”(沃克·珀西)〔degender〕To make gender-neutral, as by eliminating reference to gender or sex.无性别化：使性别中立，例如借着减少提及性别或性〔mention〕To refer to, especially incidentally.See Synonyms at refer 提及，尤指偶然性地 参见 refer〔she〕Used to refer to the woman or girl previously mentioned or implied.See Usage Note at I 1她：用于指早先提及或意指的妇女或小女孩 参见 I1〔quote〕As a transitive verbquote is appropriately used to describe the use of an exact wording drawn from another source. When the original source is paraphrased or alluded to,the more general termcite is usually preferable. · The nounquote is well established as a truncation of quotation, though many critics regard it as unduly journalistic or breezy.As such, it is best avoided in formal literary discussions.The use of the noun was acceptable to only 38 percent of the Usage Panel in the sentenceHe began the chapter with a quote from the Bible. But the usage is less objectionable in informal contexts or in reference to less august sources;the word was acceptable to 53 percent of the Panel in the sentenceHe lightened up his talk by throwing in quotes from Marx Brothers movies. · The nounquote is sometimes used as a synonym for "dictum, saying,” as inHis career is just one more validation of Andy Warhol's quote that "in the future, everybody will be famous for fifteen minutes.” This example was unacceptable to 76 percent of the Usage Panel.作为一个及物动词，用quote 一词来指从另一出处中抄取完全一样的用语是很恰当的。 当原文出处被意译或是间接提及时，一个意义更广泛的词cite 更可取。 quote 这名词形式是由 quatation 削减而来，也已被普遍接受， 虽然许多批评家认为这个词染有不恰当的记者文风或不太正式。因此，在正式的文学讨论中最好避免使用。在用法专题使用小组的调查中，只有38%的人认为这个名词在这章的开始他引用了《圣经》中的一段 文字 这个句子中的用法是可行的。 但在不正式的语境下或提及的出处不很严肃时，对于这种用法的反对意见要少一些。在他插入了一段引自马克斯兄弟电影中的 话 来活跃谈话气氛 这个句子中， 53%的小组成员认为这个词可以接受。 Quote 这个名词有时也可用作“格言、名言”的同义词， 如在他的一生再一次证实了安迪·霍尔的 格言 “将来，每个人都将享有十五分钟的知名度” 这个句子中， 用法专题使用小组中76%的成员认为这个例句无法接受〔say〕And there is no need to mention. Used to allude to things that fill out an idea or argument:更不用说：没必要提及。用来暗指证明某种想法或理由是正确的事情：〔Vitebsk〕A city of western European U.S.S.R. on the Western Dvina River northeast of Minsk. First mentioned in 1021, it passed to Russia in 1772 and is now a port, railroad junction, and processing center. Population, 335,000.维捷布斯克：苏联西欧部分一城市，位于明斯克东北部的西德维纳河畔。首次提及于1021年，1772年划归俄国，现在是一港口、铁路枢纽和加工中心。人口335,000〔reference〕He referenced her book in his speech.See Usage Note at allude 他在讲话中提及了她的书 参见 allude〔ditto〕Ditto, which at first glance seems a handy and insignificant sort of word, actually has a Roman past,for it comes fromdictus, "having been said,” the past participle of the verbdīcere, "to say.” In Italiandīcere became dire anddictus became detto, or in the Tuscan dialect ditto. Italiandetto or ditto meant what said does in English, as in the locution "the said story.”Thus in a construction such asDecember 22 the worddetto or ditto could be used by itself instead of the month nameat the next mention of a date in the same month, for example,26 detto. The first recorded use (1625) ofditto occurs in English in such a construction. The sense "copy" is an English development,first recorded in 1818. Ditto has even become a trademark for a duplicating machine,something that has not happened tosaid yet. Ditto 这个词第一眼看上去好象是一种方便的、无意义的词， 其实它出于过去的罗马，因为该词源自dictus “已说过的”， 是动词dicere “说”的过去分词。 在意大利语中，dicere 变成了 dire ， 而dictus 变成了 detto 或托斯卡纳方言的 ditto。 意大利语中的detto 或 ditto 的意义相当于现在英语中的 said ， 如惯用语"the said story"（该故事，上述故事）。因此在诸如这样的结构December 22 (12月22日）中， 当下面提及同一个月的某一天时，就可用detto 或 ditto 来代替月份， 例如，26 detto (12月26日）。 ditto 一词的最初有记录的用法(1625年）出现在英语的这种结构中。 “复制”这一词义是在英语中发展起来的，最早的记录在1818年， Ditto 甚至成了复印机的商标，而said 还没有 〔powwow〕Because trances were so important to the Native American shaman as a means of getting in touch with spiritual forces beyond the ken of the normal person,the titlepowwaw, literally meaning "one who has visions,” was accorded him. One of the occurrences of this word in an early piece of propaganda designed to bring more settlers to New Englandrepresents fairly well the Puritan attitudes to the religion of the native inhabitants of the New World:"The office and dutie of the Powah is to be exercised principally in calling upon the Devil;and curing diseases of the sicke or wounded.”The word whose spelling was eventually settled in English aspowwow was also used as the name for ceremonies and councils, probably because of the important role played by the shaman in both.After the native peoples had been dealt withand the fear of devil worship was somewhat diminished,the newcomers decided that they could have powwows too,the first reference to one of these being recorded in the Salem, Massachusetts,Gazette of 1812: "The Warriors of the Democratic Tribe will hold a powwow at Agawam on Tuesday next.”The verbpowwow, "to confer,” was recorded even earlier, in 1780. 因为作为一种超出常人理解范围的与神灵联系的方式，催眠对于北美印第安人巫师来说是如此重要，故巫师被冠以字面意思为“有洞察力的人”的powwaw 这一名称。 这个词在早期为鼓励更多人去新英格兰定居而作的宣传中的出现，它很好地证明了清教徒们对于美洲大陆土著居民宗教的态度：“帕瓦仪式的职责与义务主要就是用来召唤魔鬼；治愈病人或伤者。”这个在英语中最后以powwow 的拼写形式固定下来的词也用作仪式及会议的名称， 这也许是因为巫师在两者中都起着重要作用。在与土著居民进行接触以后，随着对其魔鬼崇拜的恐惧逐渐消逝，那些新来者决定他们也可以举行帕瓦仪式，1812年马萨诸塞州塞勒姆的时事报 第一次提及了这种会议： “下星期二民主党派的斗士们将在阿加瓦姆召开会议”。动词意为“商讨”的powwow 则早在1780年就有记载了 〔omit〕To fail to include or mention; leave out:遗漏，疏忽：没有包括或提及：〔reference〕To mention in a reference; refer to:提及：提到以供参考；指…：〔inkling〕One of the more fascinating journeys in the histories of words is the one that linksnest and inkling. We begin this journey with the Indo-European rootnizdo-, which by way of Germanic.nist- will give us nest but also leads to Latinnīdus, "nest.” From Latinnīdus may come Old French (and modern French) niche, meaning "niche.” It is possible that in Old French a variant form existed that was borrowed into Middle English asnik, meaning "a notch, tally.” This word seems related to the Middle English wordnikken, which may mean "to mark a text for correction,”andnikking, "a hint, slight indication,” or possibly "a whisper, mention.” The wordnikking appears only once, in a Middle English text composed around 1400, as does the wordningkiling, found in another copy of the same text. It is possible thatningkiling is from nikking. Furthermore, it is probable that people divideda ninkling incorrectly and got an inkling, just as they did witha napron, getting an apron. If all this has indeed happened,inkling has come a long way from the nest. 在单词的演变史中，从nest 到 inkling 是一个有趣的过程。 我们从印欧语系词根nizdo- 开始， 通过日耳曼语的nist- 变为我们的 nest ， 也衍生出拉丁语的nidus ，“巢”之意。 从拉丁语的nidus 有了古法语（和现代法语）中的 niche ，表示“壁龛”。 有可能在法语中有一个变体是从中古英语的nik （刻痕，计分）变化而来。 这个词看来与中古英语中的nikken 一词有关， 它的意思是“为改正一篇文字而做记号”，也与nikking 有关，意为“暗示，轻微指示”或也可能是“低声说话，提及”之意。 在一篇1400年左右所作的中古英语文章中，hikking 只出现了一次， 在同样内容的另一份版本中ningkiling 也只出现了一次。 所以有可能ninkiling 是由 nikking 变化而来。 此外，很有可能人们错误地将a ninkling 分开从而得到 an inkling ， 就象人们错误地处理a napron 从而得到 an apron 一样。 如果所有这些真的发生了，inkling 一词从其巢穴走了一条长长的演变之路 〔posh〕"Oh yes, Mater, we had a posh time of it down there.”So inPunch for September 25, 1918, do we find the first recorded instance of that mysterious wordposh, meaning "smart and fashionable,”although in a 1903 book by P.G. Wodehouse,Tales of St. Austin's, there is a mention of a waistcoat that was "push.” The latter may be a different word,but in either case the dates of occurrence are importantbecause they are part of the objection to derivingposh from the initials of "Port Out, Starboard Home.” This was the cooler, and thus more expensive, side of ships traveling between England and India in the mid-19th century,and the acronymPOSH was supposedly stamped on the tickets of first-class passengers traveling on that side of ships owned by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company. No evidence is definitely known to exist for this theory, however.TheOxford English Dictionary Supplement may have found a possible source or sources for posh. Another wordposh was 19th- and early 20th-century British slang for "money,” specifically "a halfpenny, cash of small value.”This word is borrowed from the common Romany wordpåšh, "half,” which was used in combinations such aspåšhera, "halfpenny.” Posh, also meaning "a dandy,” is recorded in two dictionaries of slang published in 1890 and 1902,although this particularposh may be still another word. This word or these words, however, are much more likely to be the source ofposh than "Port Out, Starboard Home,” although the latter source certainly has caught the public's etymological fancy.“哦是的，妈妈，我们在那里过着豪华的生活。”因此在1918年9月25日的punch 上， 我们看到了那个神秘单词posh 的首次记录， 意为“豪华的，时髦的，”虽然早在1903年P·G·伍德豪斯的名为圣·奥斯汀传说 的作品中就提及了意为"push"的马夹这个词。 后者也可能是另外一个不同的词，但在任何一种情况下两者被使用的时间都很重要，因为它们都反对posh 这个词源于"Port Out，Starboard Home。” 这是意指19世纪中期往来于英格兰及印度的船只中较凉爽、因而票价也就较为昂贵的一侧，而POSH 这个首字缩拼词据说就印在半岛——东方蒸汽船航运公司所拥有的船只上较为凉爽的一侧头等舱的票上。 然而对于这一说法并没有确凿的证据来加以证明。牛津英语词典增补本 也许为 posh 找到了一个或多个可能的词源。 另一个词posh 则是19世纪和20世纪初英国人用来表示“钱”的俚语， 尤指“半便士，小面值钱币。”这个词源于吉卜赛常用词på歨 ，意为“一半”， 用在诸如意为“半便士”的复合词på歨era 中。 Posh 也有“花花公子”之意， 这一用法记录于1890年及1902年出版的两本俚语词典中，尽管这个特有的posh 也有可能是另一个词。 然而这个词及上文提到的那些词比"Port Out，Starboard Home"更有可能是posh 这个词的词源， 虽然后者早被人们确认为这个词的词源〔refer〕often mentions his old friend. See also Synonyms at attribute ,resort 常提及他的老朋友 参见同义词 attribute,resort〔recur〕To return in thought or discourse.反复涉及，提及：在思考或谈话时回想或回述〔peruse〕Peruse has long meant "to read thoroughly" and is often used loosely when one could use the wordread instead. The worst that can be said about the latter use is that it is excessively literary or precious.However, common misuse of the word in the sense "to glance over, skim,” as inI only had a moment to peruse the manual quickly, was unacceptable to 66 percent of the Usage Panel. Peruse 很久一直意指“详尽地阅读”， 经常在能用read 这个词时不严谨地用来取代它。 能够提及的后一种用法中最差的一种便是极端文学或过分矫揉造作的。然而，对于百分之六十六的惯用法研究小组成员来说，意为“浏览或略读”的该词的通常错误用法是不能接受的，如在句我只有一会儿时间来迅速浏览这本手册 中 〔copacetic〕We know very little about the origin of the wordcopacetic, meaning "excellent, first-rate.” Is its origin to be found in Italian, in the speech of southern Black people, in the Creole French dialect of Louisiana, or in Hebrew?John O'Hara, who used the word inAppointment in Samarra, later wrote thatcopacetic was "a Harlem and gangster corruption of an Italian word.” O'Hara went on to say, "I don't know how to spell the Italian,but it's something like copacetti.” His uncertainty about how to spell the Italian is paralleled by uncertainty about how to spellcopacetic itself. Copacetic has been recorded with the spellings copasetic, copasetty, copesetic, copisettic, and kopasettee. The spelling is now more or less fixed, however, ascopacetic or copasetic, even though the origin of the word has not been determined.The Harlem connection mentioned by O'Hara would seem more likely than the Italian,sincecopacetic was used by Black jazz musicians and is said to have been Southern slang in the late 19th century. Ifcopacetic is Creole French in origin, it would also have a Southern homeland.According to this explanation,copacetic came from the Creole French word coupersètique, which meant "able to be coped with,” "able to cope with anything and everything,” "in good form,”and also "having a healthy appetite or passion for life or love.”Those who support the Hebrew or Yiddish origin ofcopacetic do not necessarily deny the Southern connections of the word. One explanation has it that Jewish storekeepers used the Hebrew phrasekol bĕṣedeq, "all with justice,”when asked if things were O.K. Black children who were in the store as customers or employees heard this phrase ascopacetic. No explanation of the origin ofcopacetic, including the ones discussed here, has won the approval of scholars, as is clearly shown by the etymology ofcopacetic in the first volume of the Dictionary of American Regional English, published in 1985: "Etym unknown.” 我们对copacetic 这个词的词源所知甚少，其意为“极好的、一流的”。 它是起源于意大利语、南方黑人口语、路易斯安那州的克里奥耳人的法语方言还是希伯来语？约翰·奥哈拉在撒马拉的约会 中用到这个词， 他后来写到copacetic 是“变成哈莱姆黑人居住区和强盗土语的意大利词”。 奥哈拉还说，“我不知道原来的意大利词是如何拼写的，但是有点象copacetti"。与他不敢肯定如何拼写这个意大利词一样，他对copacetic 一词本身的拼法也不敢肯定。 Copacetic 曾经被拼写成 copasetic, copasetty, copesetic, copisettic 以及 kopasettee。 现在它的拼法多少已经固定成copacetic 或 copasetic， 尽管这个词的词源仍未被确定。奥哈拉所提及的它与哈莱姆黑人居住区的关系看上去比它和意大利语的关系更有可能，因为黑人爵士歌手曾用过copacetic 这个词，并且据说在19世纪晚期它曾是南方的俚语。 如果copacetic 在词源上是克里奥耳人的法语， 那么它也是从南方来的。根据这一解释，copacetic 来自克里奥耳人法语中 coupersetique 一词， 表示“有能力与人竞争的”、“有能力处理任何事情及一切事情的”、“以好的方式的”，还表示“对生活或爱情有正常的欲望或激情的”。那些认为copacetic 来自希伯来语或意第绪语的人并不一定否认这个词与南方的关系。 一种解释认为，犹太店主们在被询问是否一切都好时用了希伯来语中的短语kol bĕṣedeq 即“一切太平”之意， 在店里作工或买东西的黑人儿童将这个短语听成了copacetic。 在关于copacetic 词源的解释中，包括以上讨论的这些，没有一种得到学者们的认可， 这一点我们可以在美国方言英语辞典 （1985年出版）第一册关于 copacetic 一词的词源解释中清楚地看到：“词源不知” 〔Nazareth〕A town of northern Israel southeast of Haifa. Settled in prehistoric times, it is first mentioned in the New Testament as the boyhood home of Jesus. The modern town is a trade center and pilgrimage site. Population, 46,300.拿撒勒：位于以色列北部，海法东南部的一个城镇，在远古时代就有人定居的，在新约中作为耶稣的童年时代的生长地而被初次提及。现代的城镇是一个贸易中心和朝圣地。人口46,300〔last〕The final mention or appearance:最后提及或出现：〔particularly〕With particular reference or emphasis; individually or specifically:特别提及或强调地；个别地或具体地：〔mention〕An incidental reference or allusion.偶然的提及或暗示〔respectively〕Singly in the order designated or mentioned:分别地：按指定出的或提及的顺序逐个地：〔glancing〕made glancing allusions to the scandal.不直接地提及了这件丑事〔this〕Used to refer to the person or thing present, nearby, or just mentioned:这个：用于指当前、邻近或刚提及的人或物：〔reference〕A mention of an occurrence or a situation:提及：提到发生的事件或处境：〔party〕Party is unexceptionable when used to refer to a participant in a social arrangement, as inShe was not named as a party in the conspiracy. It is this sense that underlies the legal use of the term,as when one speaks of theparties to a contract. The legal use has in turn led to the presence of the word in many fixed expressions,such asinjured party and third party. Butparty is also widely used as a general substitute for person, as inWould all parties who left packages at the desk please reclaim their property. This usage has been established for many centuries,but in the Victorian era it came to be associated with the language of the semieducated(theOxford English Dictionary describes it as "shoppy"), and it has been the subject of many later criticisms.This use ofparty may have been reinforced by its modern adoption by telephone operators. In other contexts,when used in earnest,it may be perceived as a superfluous variant forperson. But the jocular use of the term is well established,particular in references such asa wise old party. Party 用作指一项社会活动的参与者是很常见的， 如她不是这一阴谋的参与者。 正是这一意义构成了这一词的法律用法，如人们说及 parties to a contract 。 这种法律用法反过来又使得这一词出现在许多固定的短语中，如injured party 和 third party。 但party 也被广泛地用于对 person 的泛称， 如在所有将包裹放在桌子上的人请来认领他们的东西。 这种用法已确立了许多个世纪，但在维多利亚时代，它开始与受过部分教育的人的语言联系起来（牛津英语词典 把它描述为“三句话不离本行的”）， 并且它已成为后来许多批判家批评的对象。Party 的这一用法由于话务员的经常采用而被强化了。 在其它的上下文中，当用于严肃的场合时，它可以被视作是person 不必要的变体。 但这一词诙谐的用法确立已久，尤其在提及如一个精明的老人 时 〔particularize〕To mention, describe, or treat individually; itemize or specify.使个体化：个别地提及，描述或对待；逐个列举或详细说明 |
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