| 单词 | 推翻 |
| 释义 | 〔upset〕The act of upsetting or the condition of being upset.颠覆：推翻的行为或被翻倒的状态〔overthrow〕To bring about the downfall or destruction of, especially by force or concerted action:推翻：尤指凭借力量或一致行动引起…的垮台或毁坏：〔counterexample〕An example that refutes or disproves a hypothesis, proposition, or theorem.反例证：对某种假设、命题或定理进行反驳或推翻的例子〔rebellion〕A rebellion in the officer corps led to chaos in the armed forces. Arevolution is the overthrow of one government and its replacement with another: 下士军官们的反叛导致了武装力量的混乱。 Revolution 是指推翻一个政府并用另一个政府来替代： 〔override〕The act or an instance of nullifying.撤消，推翻：无效的行为或事例〔subversive〕Intended or serving to subvert, especially intended to overthrow or undermine an established government:颠覆性的：意在颠覆的，为了颠覆的，尤指欲图推翻或削弱现政府的：〔Decembrist〕A participant in the unsuccessful conspiracy to overthrow Czar Nicholas I of Russia in December 1825.俄国十二月党人：1825年12月企图推翻沙皇尼古拉一世未遂的武装起义者〔Copernicus〕Polish astronomer who advanced the theory that the earth and other planets revolve around the sun, disrupting the Ptolemaic system of astronomy.哥白尼，尼科劳斯：(1473-1543) 波兰天文学家，他提出地球及其它行星绕太阳运动的日心说，推翻了托勒密的天文学理论即地心体系〔Wobbly〕A member of the Industrial Workers of the World, a chiefly US labor organization dedicated to the overthrow of capitalism, active especially in the early 1900s.世界产业工人组织的会员：世界产业工人组织的成员，是致力于推翻资本主义的美国主要劳工组织，尤其活跃于九零年代〔Kashmir〕A historical region of northwest India and northeast Pakistan. Conquered by Moslems in the 14th century, it was part of the Mogul empire after 1587 and became an independent kingdom in 1751. The British pacified the region in 1846 and installed a Hindu dynasty, which was overthrown by a Moslem revolt in 1947. Continued fighting in the area led to United Nations intervention (1949 and 1965) and the current partition of the region between India and Pakistan.克什米尔：印度西北部和巴基斯坦东北部一历史地区。该地区于14世纪被穆斯林征服，1587年后又成为莫卧儿帝国的一部分，1751年成为一个独立王国。1846年英国人平定该地区，建立印度王朝，但于1947年被一次穆斯林起义推翻。该地区持续不断的战争导致了联合国的干预（1949年和1965年）以及目前印度和巴基斯坦的分治〔devastate〕To overwhelm; confound; stun:推翻；挫败；打昏：〔refute〕To prove to be false or erroneous; overthrow by argument or proof:驳倒：证明是假的或错误的；通过论据或证据推翻：〔Ahab〕Pagan king of Israel and husband of Jezebel who, according to the Old Testament, was overthrown by Jehu.亚哈：以色列异教徒国王，耶洗别的丈夫。据《旧约》记载被耶和推翻〔unhorse〕To overthrow or dislodge; upset.推翻或把…驱逐出；打翻〔override〕To declare null and void; set aside:使无效，推翻，驳回：〔see〕I have noted and overridden your protests.我已经注意到并推翻了你的抗议。〔upset〕To become overturned; capsize.翻倒，推翻；倾覆〔Jameson〕South African physician and colonial administrator whose unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the Boer government of Transvaal (1895) led to the political fall of Cecil Rhodes.詹姆森，利恩德·斯塔尔：(1853-1917) 南非内科医生和殖民地行政长官，他企图推翻德兰士瓦的布尔政府的失败行动(1895年）导致了塞西尔·罗兹政治上的失败〔Kerensky〕Russian revolutionary who was appointed the head of government (July 1917) after the abdication of Nicholas II but was overthrown by the Bolsheviks (October 1917) for his moderate policies.克伦斯基，亚历山大·费奥德罗维奇：(1881-1970) 俄国革命者，尼古拉二世退位后被任命为政府首脑（1917年7月），但由于他的温和政策而被布尔什维克人推翻（1917年10月）〔deconstruction〕A philosophical movement and theory of literary criticism that questions traditional assumptions about certainty, identity, and truth, asserts that words can only refer to other words, and attempts to demonstrate how statements about any text subvert their own meanings:解构，拆析：哲学运动和文学评论理论对传统的关于事实、象征和真理的设想提出疑问，断言词组只能指代其它词组，并试图表明文本的表述是如何推翻它本身的意义的：〔bouleversement〕verser [to overturn] from Old French from Latin versāre [frequentative of] vertere [to turn] * see wer- 2verser [推翻] 源自 古法语 源自 拉丁语 versāre vertere的重复动词 [转变] * 参见 wer- 2〔Castro〕Cuban revolutionary leader who overthrew the corrupt regime of the dictator Fulgencio Batista in 1959 and established a socialist state. He has supported other liberation struggles in Latin America and Africa and maintained close ties with the Soviet Union.卡斯特罗，菲德尔：(生于 1927) 古巴革命领导者，在1959年推翻了独裁者弗尔根西欧·巴蒂斯塔的腐败统治并建立了社会主义国家。他曾支持拉丁美洲和非洲一些其他解放运动，并和苏联保持着密切的联系〔Iturbide〕Mexican revolutionary leader who established Mexican independence from Spain (1821) and served as emperor of Mexico from 1822 to 1823, when he was overthrown by a liberal counterrevolution.伊图尔维德，奥古斯丁·德：(1783-1824) 墨西哥独立运动的领导人，他使墨西哥从西班牙统治中获得独立（1821年），从1822年到1823年自立为墨西哥的皇帝，后被一个自由主义的反革命组织推翻〔putsch〕A sudden attempt by a group to overthrow a government.暴动：由某一群体突然发动的，旨在推翻某政府的企图〔ax〕To understand the origin of the idiomax to grind, we need to know thatgrind means "to sharpen.” This phrase is said to have come from a story by the 19th-century journalist Charles Miner (alias Poor Robert) about a seemingly friendly manwho was able by flattery to persuade a young boy to turn a grindstone for him.The tale first appeared in the Luzerne, Pennsylvania,Federalist on September 7, 1810, under the title "Who'll Turn Grindstones?” and later in an 1815 book entitledEssays from the Desk of Poor Robert the Scribe. Because "Poor Robert" was confused with "Poor Richard,”the story has often been erroneously attributed to Benjamin Franklin.The idiom itself is an Americanism—a word or expression originating in the United States.It was at first restricted to political contexts,but quotations from James Joyce ("Skin-the-Goat . . . evidently with an axe to grind, was airing his grievances")and George Bernard Shaw ("distinguished statesmen of different nations . . . each with a national axe to grind") attest that the phrase has traveled abroad and,as we know only too well, is no longer found only in political contexts.为了理解成语ax to grind 的出处， 我们需要知道grind 意思是“磨尖”。 这个短语据说出自19世纪旅行家查尔斯·麦纳（别名穷罗伯特）所写的关于一个似乎很友善的人的故事，他能够奉承地劝说一名男孩为他翻过一块磨光石。这个传说第一次出现在1810年9月7日宾夕法尼亚州的卢泽恩，在1810年9月7日题为“谁将推翻磨石”的联邦制拥护者 中提到， 之后1815年又在名为作家穷·罗伯特文集 一书中提到。 因为"poor Robert和"poor Richard"易被弄混淆，这个故事经常被错误地认为是本杰明·弗兰克林创作的。这个成语本身是美国式的词或表达源于美国。一开始被限于在政治性言词的情况中使用，但是从以下的引文表明这个短语已广泛地传播，一个是引于詹姆斯·琼斯（“这个显然别有企图的披着人皮的狼，正在诉苦”），另一个引自乔治·萧伯纳（“辨认出不同国家的人…每个国家都有自己国家的打算”），正如我们所熟知的，它不会只在政治性言论的上下文间才可以找到的〔rise〕"the right to rise up, and shake off the existing government"(Abraham Lincoln)“揭竿而起推翻现存政府的权利”(亚伯拉罕·林肯)〔opinion〕"Our belief in any particular natural law cannot have a safer basis than our unsuccessful critical attempts to refute it" (Karl Popper).“我们对于任何自然规律的坚信都不能象我们怀着不可能的愿望去推翻它那样有一个坚实的基础” （卡尔·波尔）。〔bouleversement〕from Old French bouleverser [to overturn] 源自 古法语 bouleverser [推翻] 〔Mercia〕An Anglo-Saxon kingdom of central England. It was settled by Angles c.a.d. 500 and enjoyed its greatest influence during the rule (757-796) of Offa. In 874 the kingdom was overrun by the Danes and split between Wessex and the Danelaw. 麦西亚：英格兰中部的一个盎格鲁-撒克逊王国。盎格鲁人于公元 500年开始定居于此。在奥发统治期间（757-796年）国力达到鼎盛。874年，王国被丹麦人推翻，并分裂成威塞克斯和施行丹族法的地区两部分 〔catastrophe〕Greek katastrophē [an overturning, ruin, conclusion] 希腊语 katastrophē [推翻，毁灭，结论] 〔Thrasybulus〕Athenian military and political leader who led the overthrow (403) of the tyrannical oligarchy established by Sparta in Athens.塞西布勒斯：雅典军事和政治领导人，他领导推翻了（公元前403年）斯巴达人对雅典的专制统治〔subversion〕from Latin subversus [past participle of] subvertere [to subvert] * see subvert 源自 拉丁语 subversus subvertere的过去分词 [推翻，颠覆] * 参见 subvert〔neutralize〕 Negate andnullify suggest cancellation of validity, force, usefulness, value, consequence, or significance: Negate 和nullify 表示对效能、能量、用途、价值、结论或意义的废弃或推翻： 〔change〕To reverse a previously held opinion or an earlier decision.改变：推翻先前的观点或以前的决定〔Fenian〕A member of a secret revolutionary organization in the United States and Ireland in the mid-19th century, dedicated to the overthrow of British rule in Ireland.芬尼亚会会员：19世纪中期在美国和爱尔兰的一个以推翻英国在爱尔兰的统治为目标的秘密革命组织的成员〔overthrow〕overthrow an empire;推翻了一个帝国；〔eat〕To overwhelm or defeat thoroughly:推翻或彻底打败：〔iconoclast〕One who attacks and seeks to overthrow traditional or popular ideas or institutions.传统叛逆者：攻击或试图推翻传统或大众的观点或制度的人〔Museveni〕Ugandan president (since 1986). A former guerrilla leader who worked to overthrow the dictatorship of Idi Amin, he is noted for his efforts to maintain political stability by repressing opposition parties and creating a strong economy.穆塞韦尼，约韦里·卡古塔：乌干达总统（1986年起）。他是个致力于推翻艾迪·阿明专制政权的前游击队领袖，因其通过压制反对党和创建强大经济而保持政治稳定所作的努力而著称〔rebellion〕These nouns denote acts of violence intended to change or overthrow an existing order or authority.这些名词指那些想要改变或推翻现存秩序或权威的暴力行为。 |
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