| 单词 | 拿破仑 |
| 释义 | 〔Forester〕British writer known for his adventure novels set during the Napoleonic Wars and featuring Horatio Hornblower.福雷斯特，塞（西尔）·斯（科特）：(1899-1966) 英国作家，以描写拿破仑一世战争时期的冒险小说而著名，并创作出人物霍雷肖·霍恩布洛尔〔Scharnhorst〕Prussian general noted for his training tactics and command of the Prussian army during the Napoleonic Wars.沙恩霍斯特，格哈得·约翰·戴维·冯：(1755-1813) 普鲁士将军，在反拿破仑战争中以其对普鲁士军队的军事领导和训练策略而著名〔Gambetta〕French political leader. After the defeat of Napoleon III (1870), Gambetta helped create the Third Republic.甘皮塔，莱昂·米歇尔：(1838-1882) 法国政治领导人，在击败拿破仑三世(1870年）之后帮助建立了第三共和国〔Bonapartist〕A follower or supporter of Napoleon I and his policies and dynastic claims or of the Bonaparte family.波拿巴主义者：拿破仑一世和他的独裁政策及其帝王专断以及波拿巴家族的支持者或追随者〔Murat〕French marshal who aided Napoleon's coup d'état (1799) and was appointed king of Naples (1808).缪拉，乔基姆：(1767?-1815) 法国元帅，参与拿破仑政变（1799年）并且被任命为那不勒斯国王（1808年）〔chauvinism〕after Nicolas Chauvin , a legendary French soldier famous for his devotion to Napoleon 源自尼古拉斯 沙文 ，传说中以对拿破仑忠诚而闻名的法国士兵 〔Austerlitz〕A town of southern Czechoslovakia. Nearby, on December 2, 1805, Napoleon decisively defeated the Russian and Austrian armies of Czar Alexander I and Emperor Francis II.奥斯特利茨：捷克斯洛伐克南部的城镇。1805年12月2日，拿破仑在附近决定性地击败了沙皇亚历山大一世及弗兰西斯二世的俄国和奥地利联军〔day〕We studied the tactics used in Napoleon's day. The day of computer science is well upon us.我们研究在拿破仑时代用过的策略。计算机科技时代正向我们走来〔Wagram〕A town of northeast Austria northeast of Vienna. Napoleon defeated the Austrians here in July 1809.瓦格拉姆：奥地利东北部维也纳东北一个镇。1809年七月拿破仑在这里击败奥地利人〔Leipzig〕A city of east-central Germany south-southwest of Berlin. Originally a Slavic settlement called Lipsk, it developed by the early Middle Ages into a major commercial and cultural center. At the so-called Battle of the Nations (October 16-19, 1813), Austrian, Russian, and Prussian forces decisively defeated Napoleon I. Population, 558,994.莱比锡：德国中部偏东一城市，位于柏林的西南偏南。最初是斯拉夫人的居住地，被称作果比斯克，到中世纪早期时，就已发展成为一个重要的商业和文化中心。在所谓的“多国战争”(1813年10月16日至19日）中，奥地利、俄国和普鲁士联军决定性地击败了拿破仑一世。人口558,994〔shrapnel〕Henry Shrapnel received no compensation for the invention named after him other than having his name live on in connection with it.This deadly artillery shell, invented by Shrapnel, a British artillery officer, in his spare time and at his own expense,was given its first test in South America during the British seizure of part of Suriname (1799-1802),but shrapnel came into its own during the Peninsular War (1808-1814) between Great Britain, Spanish guerrillas, Portugal, and Napoleonic France.Shrapnel's shell was first officially called thespherical case shot, but it seems that early on it was called theshrapnel shell as well (first recorded in 1806), and this was the name eventually adopted by the British army.The wordshrapnel came to be used by itself as a collective noun, and even though the shrapnel shell is no longer used,people have for some time (first recorded in 1940) called the fragments from a shell, mine, or bombshrapnel, thus ensuring the continued existence, if not the immortality, of Henry Shrapnel's name.亨利·宣普纳因这种以其名字命名的发明，除了他的名字跟这种发明联系在一起以外他一无所获。宣普纳是一位英国炮兵军官，这种致命的武器是他在闲暇时间自筹经费发明的。它的首次试用是在南美洲英国占领部分苏里南领土期间（1799-1802年）进行的，但在大布列颠、西班牙游击队、葡萄牙及拿破仑统治下的法国几方之间进行的半岛战争期间（1804-1814年），榴霰弹开始使用。一开始宣普纳的这种炮弹被官方称作霰弹 。 但这之前似乎被称为shrapnel shell （最早记录于1806年）。 这一名字最终被英国陆军采用。shrapnel 一词被用作一集合名词， 虽然榴霰弹已不再使用了，但有一段时期人们把弹丸、地雷或炸弹的碎片也称为shrapnel （最早记录于1940年）， 这样就确保了亨利·宣普纳的名字得以继续存在，即使不能永存的话〔Ajaccio〕A city of western Corsica, France, on theGulf of Ajaccio, an inlet of the Mediterranean Sea. Ajaccio was the birthplace of Napoleon Bonaparte. Population, 54,089. 阿雅克肖：法国科西嘉岛西部城市，位于地中海的入海口的阿雅克肖湾 上，阿雅克肖是拿破仑·波拿巴的出生地。人口54,089 〔Smolensk〕A city of west-central European U.S.S.R. on the Dnieper River west-southwest of Moscow. First mentioned in the ninth century, it was burned by Napoleon's troops in 1812. Population, 331,000.斯摩棱斯克：苏联欧洲部分中西部的一城市，在第聂伯河上，位于莫斯科西南偏西。在9世纪初次得名，1812年被拿破仑的军队烧毁。人口331,000〔Beauharnais〕French soldier and statesman. Son of Alexandre and Josephine de Beauharnais, he was later adopted by Napoleon I and became viceroy and then heir apparent to the throne of Italy (1806).博阿内，尤金·德：(1781-1824) 法国军人和政治家。他是亚历山大和约瑟芬·德·博阿内的儿子，后被拿破仑一世收养并成为总督，接着被任命为意大利王位继承人（1806年）〔Ulm〕A city of southern Germany on the Danube River southeast of Stuttgart. First mentioned in 854, it was later a free imperial city and reached the height of its influence in the 15th century. Napoleon defeated Austrian troops here in October 1805. Population, 98,604.乌尔姆：德国南部一城市，位于多瑙河沿岸、斯图加特东南。于854年第一次被提到，随后成为一个自由的帝国城市，在15世纪其影响力达到颠峰。拿破仑于1805年在此击败奥地利军队。人口98,604〔Lorient〕A city of northwest France on the Bay of Biscay southeast of Brest. Established as a port in the 17th century, it was developed as a naval base by Napoleon I. Population, 62,554.洛里昂：法国西北部一城市，位于布雷斯特市东南部比斯开湾沿岸。17世纪建成为港口，拿破仑一世将其扩建为军事基地。人口62,554〔Jena〕A city of central Germany southwest of Leipzig. Napoleon I decisively defeated the Prussians here on October 14, 1806. Population, 106,555.耶拿：德国中部的城市，位于莱比锡西南。拿破仑一世于1806年10月14日在此大败普鲁士军队。人口106,555〔Nelson〕British admiral who defeated the French fleet in the Battle of the Nile (1798), thus ending Napoleon's attempt to conquer Egypt, and destroyed French and Spanish naval forces at Trafalgar (1805), where he was mortally wounded.怀康待，霍拉肖：(1758-1805) 英国海军上将，在尼罗河战役(1798年）中打败法国舰队，这样就结束了拿破仑征服埃及的企图。1805年在特拉尔加摧毁了法国和西班牙的海军力量并身负重伤〔Carnot〕French military strategist for the Republican armies during the French Revolution. He later held high positions under Napoleon I.卡诺，拉扎尔·尼古拉斯·马尔古瑞特：(1753-1823) 法国大革命时期共和军的军事战略家。他后来身居高位，在拿破仑一世手下供职〔Haussmann〕French public official who planned and oversaw numerous municipal improvements to Paris during the tenure of Napoleon III.奥斯曼，乔治斯·尤金：(1809-1891) 法国行政官员，在拿破仑三世在位期间，计划并负责巴黎大规模市政改建工作〔Thiers〕French politician and historian who was the first president (1871-1873) of the republic formed after the fall of Napoleon III.席尔，路易斯·阿道尔夫：(1797-1877) 法国政治家和历史学家，是拿破仑三世下台后建立的共和国第一任总统（1871-1873年）〔rot〕"He was thrown into one of Napoleon's dungeons and left to rot"(Michael Massing)“他被投入拿破仑的监狱，在那儿日渐憔悴”(迈克尔·马辛)〔defeat〕The forces of Napoleon were vanquished at Waterloo.拿破仑的军队在滑铁卢全军覆没。〔Metternich〕Austrian politician who helped form the Quadruple Alliance that ultimately defeated Napoleon I.梅特涅，克莱蒙·温泽尔·内波姆·洛泰尔·冯：(1773-1859) 奥地利政治家，帮助组织神圣同盟，最终打败拿破仑一世〔Borodino〕A village of central European U.S.S.R. west of Moscow. Nearby, Napoleon defeated the Russian troops defending Moscow on September 7, 1812.伯罗的诺：苏联欧洲部分中部的一个村庄，位于莫斯科西部。1812年9月7日，拿破仑在附近击败了保卫莫斯科的军队〔Sedan〕A town of northeast France on the Meuse River near the Belgian border. It was the site of the decisive defeat and surrender of Napoleon III (September 2, 1870) in the Franco-Prussian War. Population, 23,477.色当：法国东北部一城市，位于比利时边境的默兹河沿岸。它是普法战争中拿破仑三世最终被击败和投降(1870年9月2日）的地点。人口23,477〔Marengo〕After Marengo [a village of northwest Italy (probably from the chicken dish served to Napoleon following his victory over the Austrians here on June 14, 1800)] 源自 马伦戈 [意大利西北部的一个小村庄（可能由于1800年6月14日拿破仑在此击败奥军之后吃鸡而得名）] 〔Elba〕An island of Italy in the Tyrrhenian Sea between Corsica and the mainland. Napoleon Bonaparte spent his first period of exile here (May 1814-February 1815).厄尔巴岛：意大利的一个岛屿，位于第勒尼安海，在意大利半岛和科西嘉岛之间，拿破仑·波拿巴的第一次放逐地（1814年5月-1815年2月）〔Hugo〕French writer who went into exile after Napoleon III seized power (1851), returning to France in 1870. His novels includeThe Hunchback of Notre Dame (1831) and Les Misérables (1862). 雨果，维克托·玛丽：(1802-1885) 法国作家，1851年拿破仑掌权后被驱逐，1870年返回法国。他的小说包括《巴黎圣母院》 （1831年）和 《悲惨世界》 （1862年） 〔Ney〕French marshal who brilliantly commanded the rear guard in Napoleon I's retreat from Moscow (1812) and later deserted Louis XVIII to aid Napoleon at Waterloo (1815).内伊，米哈伊：(1769-1815) 法国的陆军元帅，他英明地堵截了拿破仑一世从莫斯科的撤退(1812年），后来又阻截了滑铁卢战役中路易十八对拿破仑的增援(1825年）〔Corsica〕An Island of France in the Mediterranean Sea north of Sardinia. Napoleon Bonaparte was born on the island, which was ceded to France by Genoa in 1768.科西嘉岛：撒丁尼亚北部地中海的一座法国岛屿。拿破仑·波拿巴生于此岛，1768年由热那亚割让给法国〔Waterloo〕A town of central Belgium near Brussels. Napoleon met his final defeat in the Battle of Waterloo (June 18, 1815).滑铁卢：比利时中部靠近布鲁塞尔的城镇。拿破仑在滑铁卢上役中(1815年6月18日）遭到了决定性失败〔Illyria〕An ancient region of the Balkan Peninsula on the Adriatic coast. Occupied in prehistoric times by an Indo-European-speaking people, the area became the Roman province of Illyricum after the final conquest of the Illyrians in 35-33b.c. The name was revived by Napoleon for the provinces of Illyria (1809-1815) and retained for the kingdom of Illyria, a division of Austria from 1816 to 1849. 伊利里亚：古代沿巴尔干半岛亚德里亚海岸一地区。在史前时期由一个说印欧语的民族占据。公元前 35-33年，罗马人最终征服了伊利里亚人，将该地称为伊利里肯省。拿破仑时期重新恢复了伊利里亚这个名称(1809-1815年），称它为伊利里亚省份。1816至1849年在作为奥地利一部份的伊利里亚王国中，这个名字得到了保留 〔Grouchy〕French marshal who distinguished himself in the Napoleonic Wars but failed to stop reinforcements from reaching Wellington at the Battle of Waterloo (1815) and was thus partially blamed for the final defeat of Napoleon I.格鲁希，伊曼纽尔·德：(1766-1847) 法国元帅，在拿破仑战争中战功卓著，但在滑铁卢战役中（1815年）未能阻止威灵顿与其增援部队会合，因此被认为对拿破仑一世的最终失败负有部分责任〔Godoy〕Spanish politician whose alliance with Napoleon I against Great Britain led to the defeat of French and Spanish naval forces at Trafalgar (1805).戈多伊，曼纽尔·德：(1767-1851) 西班牙政治家，他同拿破仑一世结盟反对大英帝国，致使法国和西班牙海军1805年在特拉法尔加失败〔inglorious〕Napoleon's inglorious end.拿破仑不光彩的结局〔Bonaparte〕Corsican family, all brothers of Napoleon I, includingJoseph (1768-1844), king of Naples (1806-1808) and Spain (1808-1813); Lucien (1775-1840), who disapproved of Napoleon's policies; Louis (1778-1846), who was king of Holland (1806-1810) and fought with Napoleon in Italy (1796-1797) and Egypt (1798-1799); and Jérôme (1784-1860), who was king of Westphalia (1807-1813), fought at Waterloo (1815), became marshal of France (1850), and was president of the senate under Napoleon III. 波拿巴：科西嘉家族，拿破仑一世的全部弟兄，包括约瑟夫 (1768-1844年），曾任那不勒斯国王(1806-1808年）和西班牙国王(1808-1813年）； 卢西恩 (1775-1840年），反对拿破仑的政策； 路易斯 （1778-1864年），曾任荷兰国王(1806-1810年），并曾协同拿破仑在意大利(1796-1797年）和埃及(1798-1799年）作战； 耶洛姆 (1784-1860年），曾任威斯特伐利亚国王(1807-1813年），参与滑铁卢战役(1815年），是法国元帅(1850年）和拿破仑三世的议会主席 〔if〕In such contexts, however,the use ofif can sometimes create ambiguities. Depending on the intended meaning, the sentenceLet her know if she is invited might be better paraphrased asLet her know whether she is invited or If she is invited, let her know. · In conditional sentences the clause introduced byif may contain either a past subjunctive verb (if I were going ) or an indicative verb ( if I am going; if I was going ), depending on the intended meaning.According to the traditional rule,the subjunctive should be used to describe an occurrence that is presupposed to be contrary to fact,as inif I were ten years younger or if Napoleon had won at Waterloo. The main verb of such a sentence must then contain the modal verbwould or (less frequently) should: 不过在这种情况下，用if 就可能会造成歧义。 Let her know if she is invited 这句话最好根据所要表达的意思， 分开说成告诉她她是否被邀请了 或 如果她被邀请了，就让她知道 两句话。 用if 引起的条件状语从句中， 可以含有一个过去式的虚拟动词(倘若我去 )或一个一般陈述动词( 如果我就去；如果我去了 )， 这得依据所要表达的意思而定。根据正统的原则，虚拟语气用来表达一个与事实相反的假设，例如如果我再年轻十岁 或者 如果拿破仑在滑铁卢战役中获胜。 于是在这样的句子里，主要动词必须包含情态动词会 或（在较少情况下） 应该： 〔Lawrence〕British painter remembered for his portrait series (1814-1818) of the leaders of the alliance against Napoleon.劳伦斯，托马斯：(1769-1830) 英国画家，因其在1814-1818年间为抵抗拿破仑联盟的首领们所绘的系列肖像画而留名〔admonish〕"Even if I had done wrong you should not have reproached me in public—people wash their dirty linen at home" (Napoleon Bonaparte).即使是我做错了事，你也不应该当众指责我-家丑不能外扬” （拿破仑·波拿巴） |
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