| 单词 | 拉姆 |
| 释义 | 〔Targum〕Any of several Aramaic translations or paraphrasings of the Old Testament.塔古姆：任一种《旧约》的亚拉姆文中的译文或解释〔jackfruit〕Portuguese jaca from Malayalam cakkai 葡萄牙语 jaca 源自 马拉亚拉姆方言 cakkai 〔jorum〕Perhaps after Joram , who brought vessels of silver, gold, and brass to King David (II Samuel 8:10) 可能源自 乔拉姆 ，他将银、金和黄铜容器带给国王大卫（撒母耳记8：10） 〔Maxim〕American-born British inventor of an automatic, recoil-operated machine gun (1884), which was widely used during World War I. His brotherHudson (1853-1927) invented smokeless gun powder, and his son Hiram Percy (1896-1936) developed a silencer for firearms. 马克沁，希兰·史蒂文斯：(1840-1916) 美国裔的英国发明家，发明有曾在第一次世界大战中广为使用的自动反弹发动机枪(1884年）。他的弟弟哈得孙 (1853-1927年）曾发明无烟火药，他的儿子 希拉姆·珀西 (1896-1936年）发明了装在火器上的消声器 〔Amritsar〕A city of northwest India near the Pakistan border. Founded in 1577 by the fourth guru of the Sikhs, Ram Das (1534-1581), it has remained the center of the Sikh faith. In the Amritsar massacre of April 13, 1919, hundreds of Indian nationalists were killed by British-led troops. Population, 594,844.阿姆里查：印度西北部城市，在巴基斯坦边界附近，由锡克教第四位上师拉姆达斯（1534-1581年）于1577年所建，一直作为锡克教的中心。在1919年4月13日的阿姆里查大屠杀中，成百上千的印度民族主义者被英国军队杀害，人口594,844〔Khachaturian〕Russian composer of Armenian parentage whose works include concertos for piano and violin, symphonies, and ballets, such asGayane (1942). 哈恰图良，艾拉姆·伊利切：(1903-1978) 出身亚美尼亚的俄国作曲家，作品包括钢琴和小提琴协奏曲、交响乐和芭蕾舞曲，如《加扬》 （1942年） 〔Ambon〕An island of eastern Indonesia in the Moluccas near Ceram.安汶岛：印度尼西亚东部岛屿，位于塞拉姆附近的穆卢卡斯〔Nefertari〕Queen of Egypt as the wife of Rameses II.弗塔利女王：埃及皇后，拉姆西斯二世的妻子〔Ernakulum〕A city of southwest India on the Malabar Coast west of Madurai. It has a Jewish sector that may date to the second or third centurya.d. Population, 213,811. 埃纳库拉姆：印度西南部城市，位于马拉巴尔海岸，马杜拉以西，该城内有一犹太区，其历史上溯至公元 2至3世纪。人口213,811 〔quark〕"Three quarks for Muster Mark! / Sure he hasn't got much of a bark / And sure any he has it's all beside the mark.” This passage of James Joyce'sFinnegans Wake is part of a scurrilous 13-line poem directed against King Mark,the cuckolded husband in the Tristan legend.The poem and the accompanying prose are packed with names of birds and words suggestive of birds,and the poem is a squawk,like the cawing of a crow, against King Mark.Thus, Joyce uses the wordquark, which comes from the standard English verbquark, meaning "to caw, croak,” and also from the dialectal verb quawk, meaning"to caw, screech like a bird.” But Joyce'squark was not what it has become: "any of a group of hypothetical subatomic particles proposed as the fundamental units of matter.”Murray Gell-Mann, the physicist who proposed these particles, in a private letter of June 27, 1978, to the editor of theOxford English Dictionary, said that he had actually been influenced by Joyce's word in naming the particle,although the influence was subconscious at first.Gell-Mann was thinking of using the pronunciation (kwôrk) for the particle,possibly something he had picked up fromFinnegans Wake, which he "had perused from time to time since it appeared in 1939. . . . The allusion to three quarks seemed perfect" (originally there were only three subatomic quarks).Gell-Mann, however, wanted to pronounce the word with (ô) not (ä), as Joyce seemed to indicate by rhyming words in the vicinity such asMark. Gell-Mann got around that "by supposing that one ingredient of the line ‘Three quarks for Muster Mark’was a cry of ‘Three quarts for Mister . . . ’ heard in H.C. Earwicker's pub.”冲马克王呱叫三声! / 很显然一声狗吠对他还不够 / 很显然他所有的一切都和盛名无关。 这一段出自詹姆斯·乔伊斯的为芬尼根守灵 ， 是对马克王进行侮辱谩骂的一首十三行诗中的一部分。马克王是特里斯特拉姆传奇故事中被戴了绿帽子的丈夫。这首诗和随同的叙述中充斥着鸟类的名字和暗示鸟类的词。这首诗是对马克王的粗声抗诉，就象乌鸦的啼叫。所以乔伊斯用了quark 一词， 它来源于标准英语动词quark （意思为“呱呱地叫，乌鸦叫”）和方言中的动词 quawk （意思为“象鸟一样呱呱地叫、尖叫”）。 乔伊斯笔下的quark 一词并不是现在形成的意思： “任何一组假想的亚原子粒子，被认为是物质的基本单位”。这些粒子的提出者——物理学家默里·基尔曼在1978年6月27日写给牛津英语词典 编者的一封私人信件中说, 他给这种粒子命名时确实受到了乔伊斯这个词的影响，虽然这种影响起初只是潜意识的。基尔曼本想用(kwôrk)这个发音来代表这种粒子，可能也是从为芬尼根守灵 一书中汲取出来的。 自从1939年这书出版以来，他曾时常精读…关于三声呱叫的暗示看上去很完满（最初只有三种亚原子夸克）。但是基尔曼想让这个词发音为(o)而不是(a)——乔伊斯将韵押为与Mark 相近的音好象表明该发这个音。 基尔曼认为这行诗中的一部分“对马克王呱叫三声”，实际上是在酒店中听到的“给这位先生来三夸脱酒”叫喊声〔Candolle〕Swiss botanist who introduced the method of classifying plants by structure.康多尔，奥古斯丁·安拉姆·德：(1778-1841) 瑞士植物学家，引入了按照植物结构划分植物种类的方法〔cachou〕from Malayalam kāccu 源自 马拉亚拉姆方言 kāccu 〔coir〕Malayalam kayar [cord] 马拉亚拉姆方言 kayar [绳] 〔Rambouillet〕After Rambouillet , a town of north-central France 源自 拉姆伯伊利 ，法国中北部一镇 〔copra〕from Malayalam koppara 源自 马拉亚拉姆方言 koppara 〔areca〕from Malayalam aṭekka [areca nut] 源自 马拉亚拉姆方言 aṭekka [槟榔] 〔teak〕from Malayalam tēkka 源自 马拉亚拉姆方言 tēkka 〔Coffin〕American writer who won a Pulitzer Prize (1936) forStrange Holiness, a collection of poetry. 考芬，罗伯特·彼得·特里斯特拉姆：(1892-1955) 美国作家，因一本诗集《神奇的陛下》 获普利策奖(1936年） |
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