| 单词 | 投票 |
| 释义 | 〔yes〕The wordyes is a good example of how an ordinary and frequently used word can have a complex etymology. We can traceyes back to two Indo-European roots, .i-, a pronominal stem, and .es-, "to be.” From two extended forms of.i-, .yām and .yāi, came the prehistoric Common Germanic forms.jā and jai, which gave us Old Englishgeā, an affirmative particle, the source of Modern Englishyea. The Indo-European root.es- is the source of our forms am and is. From the stem.sī- used to make verb forms in the optative mood, a mood used to express a wish, came the Germanic form.sijai-, which gave us Old Englishsīe, "may it be so.” This form, unlike the sources ofam and is, died out, but before disappearing it had combined with Old Englishgēa to form the compound gēse, the ancestor of our wordyes. Thissīe was destined to have even more of a triumph. Until around 1600yea was used to respond to positive expressions, whereasyes was used to respond to negative expressions. After that timeyes became a response to both positive and negative expressions, yea surviving primarily in voice votes. yes 一词是说明一个普通常用词如何拥有一复杂词源的极好例证。 我们可以追溯yes 到两个印欧语词根， 代名词词干i- 和 es- “是”。 从i-的两种扩展形式，yam 和 yai， 形成了史前普通日耳曼语形式ja 和 jai, 它们又带来了古英语中的肯定虚词gea ， 这便是现代英语yea 的来源。 而印欧语词根es- 是我们 am 和 is 两形式的源头。 以is- ，一个用于制造祈愿语气动词的词干， 产生出日尔曼形式sijai-， 并由此形成了古英语sie, “希望如此”。 这种形式不象am 和 is 的词源，已经灭绝了， 但在消失之前，它已经和古英语gea 混合形成复合词 gese， 即我们的单词yes 的前身。 这个sie 注定要获取更大的胜利。 直至1600年左右，yea 还被用于回答肯定的陈述； 而yes 则用于回答否定陈述。 此后，yes 既可作肯定也可否定表达的回答， yea 则主要在口头投票时使用 〔logroll〕To work toward the passage of (legislation) by logrolling.互投赞成票：互相投票以促成（立法）通过〔underage〕Below the customary or legal age, as for drinking or voting.未成年的：低于饮酒或投票的通常或法定年龄的〔Harris〕American public-opinion analyst. He established Louis Harris and Associates, Inc. (1956), a firm known for its election polling.哈里斯，路易斯：(生于 1921) 美国民意分析家，他于1956年创立了路易斯·哈里斯联合公司，该公司以其竞选投票分析而出名〔vote〕To decide the disposition of by vote, as by electing or defeating:表决：用投票来决定处理办法，如投票选举或击败：〔crossover〕A registered member of one political party who votes in the primary of the other party.跨党投票者：在另一个政党的初选期内为其投票的某个政党的登记党员〔vote〕A means by which such a preference is made known, such as a raised hand or a marked ballot.投票，表决：这种赞同被表达出来的方式，如举手或有记号的选票〔Penobscot〕A Native American people inhabiting Penobscot Bay and the Penobscot River valley in Maine. The Penobscot, who joined the Abenaki confederacy in the mid-18th century, are represented in the Maine legislature by a nonvoting delegate.佩诺布斯科特人：居住在美国缅因州的佩诺布斯科特湾和佩诺布斯科特河河谷一带的北美印第安人，18世纪中叶加入阿贝那基联盟，是缅因州立法委中一个无投票表决权的代表〔run〕The broad run of voters want the candidate to win.投票的大多数普通人希望所选的竞选者获胜〔vote〕took a vote on the issue.在这个问题上采取投票〔floater〕One who votes illegally in different polling places.非法投票人：非法在各投票处进行投票的人〔crossover〕the crossover vote in California; a big crossover hit.加利福尼亚的跨党派投票；一记交叉重击〔importance〕Your vote can be of real significance in the outcome of the election.你们的投票对于选举的最后结果可能有重大的意义。〔Johnson〕The 17th President of the United States (1865-1869). Elected Vice President (1864), he succeeded the assassinated Abraham Lincoln as President. His administration was marked by reconstruction policies in the South and the purchase of Alaska (1867). An attempt to unseat Secretary of War Edwin Stanton led to Johnson's impeachment on purely political charges brought by Republican senators (1868). Johnson was acquitted by one vote.约翰逊，安德鲁：(1808-1875) 美国第17任总统(1865-1869年）。他于1864年当选副总统，在阿伯拉罕·林肯遇刺后继任总统。他执政时推行南部重建政策，并于1867年买下了阿拉斯加。因试图罢免国防部长埃德温·斯坦顿，约翰逊还受到共和国参议员们关于纯粹政治性原因的指控(1868年）。约翰逊在一次投票后被宣告无罪〔divide〕To cause (members of a parliament) to vote by separating into groups, as pro and con.表决：使（国会成员）分成赞成与反对的两组进行投票〔voteless〕Having no vote; denied a vote or the right to vote.无投票权的：没有投票的；被剥夺投票或投票权的〔wait〕For more than a hundred years critics have stigmatized the use ofwait on ( and somewhat less frequentlywait upon ) to mean roughly "await" or "wait for,”as inWe are still waiting on the committee vote. This use is so widespread in both educated speech and reputable writingthat the traditional objections have come to seem unnecessary.一百多年来评论家一直贬低wait on ( 有时也较少使用wait upon ) 作为“等待”或“等候”意义的用法，如在我们仍在等待委员会的投票。 这种用处在演讲和写作中用的是如此普遍，以至于原来的反对已经看起来不必要了〔vote〕To express one's preference for by vote:投票决定：用投票来表达某人的选择：〔challenge〕A claim that a vote is invalid or that a voter is unqualified.选举无效的声明：声称某一投票无效或某一投票人不合格〔minority〕A group or party having fewer than a controlling number of votes.少数派，少数党：投票票数不足以控制结果的一派或一党〔logroll〕To engage in political logrolling.参与政治投票交易〔vote〕vote new funds for a program.为计划投票争取新的资金〔vote〕vote in a new mayor; voted out their representative; vote down the amendment.选出一位新市长；投票选出他们的代表；投票来否决修正案〔qualification〕fulfilled the qualifications for registering to vote in the presidential election.达到能在总统大选中报名投票的条件〔vote〕The act or process of voting:投票：投票的行为或过程：〔poll〕The number of votes cast or recorded.投票数：投票或被记录选票的数量〔proxy〕a proxy vote; proxy troops for a world power.委托人投票；世界大国的代理军队〔poll〕The casting and registering of votes in an election.投票：在选举中投票或登记选票〔open〕Enterable by registered voters regardless of political affiliation:可自由参加的：不受政治因素干扰，通过民主投票产生的：〔prohibitive〕the prohibitive favorite to win the nomination.得到绝大多数投票获得提名〔write〕To cast a vote by inserting (a name not listed on a ballot).投票给：通过插入（候选名单上未列出的名字）来投票〔vote〕To express one's preference for a candidate or for a proposed resolution of an issue; cast a vote:投票：表示某人对一个候选人或一个问题的解决办法的选择；投票：〔solid〕a solid voting bloc.全体一致的投票团体〔out〕voted the incompetent governor out.投票罢免无能的州长〔vote〕To bring into existence or make available by vote:投票通过：以投票方式使存在或使可行：〔suffrage〕The right or privilege of voting; the franchise.选举权：投票的权利或特权；投票权〔motion〕A formal proposal put to the vote under parliamentary procedures.提议：一种在议会程序下进行的向投票席做出的正式议案〔suffrage〕from Latin [the right to vote] 源自 拉丁语 [投票的权利] 〔ballot〕Italian ballotta [a small ball used to register a vote] [diminutive of dialectal] balla [ball] 意大利语 ballotta [曾用于登记投票的小球] 方言balla的小后缀 [球] 〔cast〕To deposit or indicate (a ballot or vote).存放或指示（一张投票或选票） |
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